1,721,041 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Influence of betaine lipids in adaptation to phosphate deficiency in algae and plants
No full textAu cours de l’évolution, les organismes ont développé différentes stratégies afin de s’adapter aux stress rencontrés dans leur milieu. La disponibilité en nutriments représente une part importante de ces stress et peut conduire à des changements métaboliques conséquents. Le phosphore est un nutriment essentiel à la croissance des organismes ; il est assimilé sous la forme de phosphate inorganique (Pi) et se retrouve souvent limitant dans les écosystèmes. Chez les plantes, la carence en phosphate affecte grandement la croissance et génère un remodelage massif des lipides membranaires afin de remobiliser les réserves intracellulaires de Pi. Une part importante du Pi intracellulaire est stockée au niveau d’une classe particulière de glycérolipides appelée les phospholipides (PL), composants majoritaires des membranes extraplastidiales. En situation de carence, les PL sont dégradés afin de fournir à la cellule de nouvelles sources de Pi. Les PL dégradés sont alors remplacés par des lipides non phosphatés afin de maintenir la structure et l’intégrité des membranes. Cependant, ce remodelage lipidique est limité et ne permet de recycler qu’une partie des PL des membranes. Les mécanismes d’adaptation à la carence nutritionnelle sont également présents chez les microalgues ; un groupe très divers d’organismes unicellulaires photosynthétiques chez lesquels la réponse à la carence en Pi fait intervenir une autre classe de glycérolipides non phosphatés appelée bétaine lipides (BL). Les BL ont la capacité de remplacer l’intégralité des PL dégradés lors de la carence en Pi chez certaines espèces dont la microalgue Phaeodactylum tricornutum ; représentant ainsi un processus adaptatif particulièrement efficace. Au cours de l'évolution, la synthèse des BL a progressivement diminué jusqu’à être totalement perdue chez les plantes à graines, soulevant ainsi des interrogations quant à la raison de leur disparition. Ce projet de thèse s’intéresse à l’étude et à la comparaison du remodelage lipidique mis en place lors de la carence en Pi chez deux organismes photosynthétiques : les microalgues et les plantes terrestres.Le premier axe a été de générer des plantes productrices de BL afin d’étudier l’impact de leur production sur leur phénotype et leur tolérance à la carence en Pi. Des transformations stables d’Arabidopsis thaliana ont été réalisées avec le gène BTA1 codant l’enzyme responsable de la synthèse du DGTS ; l’espèce de BL la plus connue et étudiée. Pour cela, le gène BTA1 de la microalgue Microchloropsis gaditana a été utilisé et a généré une faible production de DGTS chez les plantes transformées d’A. thaliana. Aucun impact majeur sur le phénotype n’a été observé mais lorsque l’enzyme est exprimée transitoirement dans les feuilles de la plante Nicotiana benthamiana, la production de DGTS est massive et représente environ 20 % des glycérolipides totaux. Chez ce modèle, le DGTS semble s’accumuler dans une prolifération de membranes du réticulum endoplasmique, suggérant qu’il remplit le même rôle structural que les PL. Le second axe de ce projet a été d’étudier l’impact de l’absence d’une autre espèce de BL, le DGTA, chez P. tricornutum. Des mutants knock-out pour le gène BTA1 ont été générés et analysés. Les résultats ont apporté plusieurs éléments intéressants quant à la voie de synthèse du DGTA et à son importance dans la réponse de l’algue à la carence en Pi. Le DGTS, bien qu’il ne soit pas détecté chez P. tricornutum, intervient comme intermédiaire dans la synthèse du DGTA. Le DGTA s’est également révélé essentiel au maintien de la croissance de P. tricornutum en conditions de carence de Pi, ainsi que dans le processus de dégradation des PL sous cette condition. Des recherches supplémentaires sont à mener pour élargir l’étude des BL à d’autres organismes.During evolution, organisms have developed different strategies to adapt to environmental stresses. Nutrient scarcity is a significant stress that can lead to substantial metabolic changes. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for growth, it is assimilated as inorganic phosphate (Pi) and is often found to be limiting in ecosystems. In plants, phosphate deficiency greatly affects growth and induces massive membrane lipid remodeling to mobilize intracellular Pi reserves. A significant portion of intracellular Pi is stored in a particular class of glycerolipids called phospholipids (PL), which are the major components of extraplastidial membranes. Under deficiency conditions, PLs are degraded to provide new Pi sources to the cell. The degraded PLs are then replaced by non-phosphorus lipids to maintain membrane structure and integrity. However, this lipid remodeling is limited and only recycles a portion of the membrane PLs. Nutrient deficiency adaptation mechanisms are also present in microalgae, a highly diversified group of unicellular photosynthetic organisms. In these organisms, the response to Pi deficiency involves another class of non-phosphorus glycerolipids called betaine lipids (BL). BLs can completely replace the degraded PLs during Pi deficiency in certain species, such as the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum, representing a particularly efficient adaptive process. Throughout evolution, BL synthesis has gradually diminished and was definitively lost in seed plants, raising questions about the reasons for their disappearance. This project focuses on the study and comparison of lipid remodeling during Pi deficiency in two photosynthetic organisms: microalgae and terrestrial plants.The first objective was to generate BL-producing plants to study the impact of their production on their phenotype and their tolerance to Pi deficiency. Stable transformations of Arabidopsis thaliana were performed with the BTA1 gene encoding the enzyme responsible for DGTS synthesis, the best-known and studied BL species. The BTA1 gene from the microalga Microchloropsis gaditana was used, resulting in low DGTS production in the transformed A. thaliana plants. No major phenotypic impact was observed, but when the enzyme was transiently expressed in the leaves of the plant Nicotiana benthamiana, DGTS production was massive, representing approximately 20% of total glycerolipids. In this model, DGTS appears to accumulate in a proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum membranes, suggesting that it fulfills the same structural role as PLs. The second objective of this project was to study the impact of the absence of another BL species, DGTA, in P. tricornutum. Knockout mutants for the BTA1 gene were generated and analyzed. The results provided several interesting insights into the DGTA synthesis pathway and its importance in the algal response to Pi deficiency. Although DGTS is not detected in P. tricornutum, it acts as an intermediate in DGTA synthesis. DGTA was also found to be essential for maintaining the growth of P. tricornutum under Pi deficiency conditions and in the process of PLs degradation under this condition. Further research is needed to expand the study of BLs to other organisms
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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