191 research outputs found
Alien Registration- Michaud, Hazel G. (Monticello, Aroostook County)
No full texthttps://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/33977/thumbnail.jp
On the Impact of Reservoir Overburden Heterogeneity on Subsidence Modelling
No full textThere is an increased need for modelling the Dutch overburden to improve the prediction of earthquakes and subsidence due to the extraction of hydrocarbons. Depending on the surface location, the subsidence model of the NAM can under or over predict the amount of subsidence by 4 to 5 cm. This is around 15 % of the current maximum subsidence of 30 cm. The underlying assumption of the NAM subsidence model is that the reservoir, and the overburden above it, behave the same and thus have the same elastic parameters. The purpose of this research is to obtain a better understanding of the role overburden heterogeneities play in man induced subsidence. The main research question is: To what extent do overburden heterogeneities affect subsidence caused by reservoir depletion? Followed by the hypothesis: The heterogeneities of the overburden affect subsidence and should therefore be incorporated.The results show that modelling the overburden as multi-layered, rather than as one homogeneous layer, leads to a difference of 0.75 cm. This is greater than the measurement error of the InSAR data, which is used to determine the subsidence of the Groningen field, and is significant when compared to the current discrepancy of 4 to 5 cm. Elastic parameters have been calculated from acoustic well data for geological units around the Groningen area. The calculated values differ from the values used by the NAM. When the calculated values are used for the Upper North Sea and Lower North Sea groups, the difference with the reference model is up to 2 cm for a reservoir radius of 3 km and 0.87 cm for a Groningen scale reservoir. The results suggest that the heterogeneities of the overburden affect subsidence significantly enough to warrant further investigation. Due to the fact that the obtained results are for horizontal layers, there is much potential for more complex overburden geology e.g. salt structures and non-horizontal layers.Petroleum Engineering and Geo-science
Changes in smooth muscle contractility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) intestine during acclimation to altered temperature
No full textThe effects of altered water temperature in vivo on in vitro smooth muscle contractility of rainbow trout intestine were investigated. Temperature has a significant effect on receptor-mediated intestinal smooth muscle contractility in the rainbow trout. The efficacy of 5-HT, carbachol, and transmural stimulation increased with temperatures above 10-degrees-C, with an optimal increase at 15-degrees-C. There was also a modest increase in the potency of 5-HT and carbachol within 2 days of establishing trout at 20-degrees-C. By day 8, most of these changes had either stabilized or were returning to control values, suggesting that acclimation changes in membranes and enzyme activities were taking effect. However, the contractile responses to carbachol and transmural stimulation were still increasing at this time. This may imply that the muscarinic receptors are more resistant to membrane acclimation changes and may take longer to adapt. Because these experiments were controlled for handling stress and seasonal changes that affect contractility, we have been able to demonstrate some early changes in smooth muscle contractility that occur during acclimation to altered temperature.PT: J; CR: ALOIA RC, 1989, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V988, P123 BRINK C, 1981, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V217, P592 BURKA JF, 1989, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V67, P477 BURKA JF, 1990, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V68, P700 BURKA JF, 1993, FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V12, P53 BURNSTOCK G, 1959, Q J MICROSC SCI, V100, P199 CARPENTER JR, 1986, J PHARMACOL METHOD, V15, P283 DEAN JM, 1969, COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, V29, P185 GUDERLEY H, 1992, FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V10, P123 HAZEL JR, 1992, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V162, P593 HOCHACHKA PW, 1984, BIOCH ADAPTATION HOLMGREN S, 1985, NEUROSCIENCE, V14, P683 JENSEN J, 1991, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V83, P388 KITAZAWA T, 1989, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V98, P781 MCCAULEY RW, 1974, T AM FISH SOC, V106, P362 PICKERING AD, 1982, J FISH BIOL, V20, P229; NR: 16; TC: 1; J9: FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM; PG: 9; GA: MP851Source type: Electronic(1
Effects of modulatory agents on neurally-mediated responses of trout intestinal smooth muscle in vitro
No full textMediators and mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory modulation of trout intestinal smooth muscle were examined using a series of putative mediators and substances known to modulate neurotransmission in mammalian systems. Frequency response relationships to transmural stimulation and concentration response relationships to 5-hydroxytryptamine, carbachol, and substance P were established on paired segments of rainbow trout intestine in vitro in the presence and absence of putative modulatory agents. Modulation of neurally-mediated contractions of trout intestine was achieved with dibutyryl cyclic AMP and forskolin, agents that increase intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. The effect appears to be at the level of the smooth muscle, since the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, inhibited muscarinic and serotoninergic contractions as well as transmurally stimulated contractions. Substance P-induced contractions were unaffected by forskolin. The endogenous agonists/neurotransmitters which would increase cyclic AMP levels in rainbow trout intestinal smooth muscle are as yet unknown. The effects do not appear to be modulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), or agents that activate beta-adrenoceptors. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists are possible agents which will decrease contractility of the smooth muscle. They were only active in the proximal intestine and on transmurally stimulated contractions. The effects of both PGE(2) and alpha(2)-agonists appear to be prejunctional, decreasing release of contractile neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system.PT: J; CR: AHRENS RC, 1984, PHARMACOTHERAPY, V4, P105 ALDMAN G, 1992, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V88, P287 BAUER V, 1982, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V76, P569 BRINK C, 1981, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V217, P592 BURKA JF, 1983, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V225, P427 BURKA JF, 1989, CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM, V67, P477 BURKA JF, 1992, AQUACULTURE, V100, P321 BURNSTOCK G, 1958, BRIT J PHARMACOL CHE, V13, P216 BURNSTOCK G, 1959, Q J MICROSC SCI, V100, P199 CARPENTER JR, 1986, J PHARMACOL METHOD, V15, P283 COLEMAN RA, 1994, PHARMACOL REV, V46, P205 DARNELL J, 1990, MOL CELL BIOL DOCKRAY GJ, 1988, ISI ATLAS-PHARMACOL, P40 DREW GM, 1978, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V64, P293 FOUCHEREAUPERON M, 1990, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V172, P582 FOUCHEREAUPERON M, 1994, NEUROPEPTIDES, V26, P267 FURNESS JB, 1980, NEUROSCIENCE, V5, P1 GROVE DJ, 1992, J EXP BIOL, V163, P33 HAZEL JR, 1992, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V162, P593 HILLS JM, 1983, EUR J PHARMACOL, V88, P371 HOLMGREN S, 1982, CELL TISSUE RES, V223, P141 HOLMGREN S, 1983, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C, V74, P229 HOLMGREN S, 1985, NEUROSCIENCE, V14, P683 JENSEN J, 1991, GEN COMP ENDOCR, V83, P388 KANEKO T, 1989, FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM, V7, P337 KITAZAWA T, 1986, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V89, P259 KITAZAWA T, 1988, COMP BIOCH PHYSL C, V91, P585 KITAZAWA T, 1989, BRIT J PHARMACOL, V98, P781 KITCHEN I, 1984, TXB IN VITRO PRACTIC LABURTHE M, 1981, ADV PHYSL SCI, V12, P175 LEFKOWITZ RJ, 1990, GOODMAN GILMANS PHAR, P84 MARTIAL K, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P4912 NILSSON S, 1984, MAR BIOL LETT, V5, P127 NILSSON S, 1993, PHYSL FISHES, P279 OHTANI R, 1989, CELL TISSUE RES, V258, P35 REID SD, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V158, P199 RUFFOLO RR, 1994, PHARMACOL THERAPEUT, V61, P1 SEAMON KB, 1981, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V78, P3363 TIMMERMANS PBM, 1981, J AUTON PHARMACOL, V1, P171 UNDERHAY J, 1994, B AQUACUL ASS CANADA, V942, P42 WATSON S, 1995, TRENDS PHARM SCI S, V16, P10 WEISS B, 1977, ADV PHARMACOL CHEMOT, V14, P189; NR: 42; TC: 4; J9: FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM; PG: 10; GA: UN243Source type: Electronic(1
Cowpox virus infection in natural field vole Microtus agrestispopulations: significant negative impacts on survival
No full text1. Cowpox virus is an endemic virus circulating in populations of wild rodents. It has been implicated as a potential cause of population cycles in field voles Microtus agrestis L., in Britain, owing to a delayed density-dependent pattern in prevalence, but its impact on field vole demographic parameters is unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that wild field voles infected with cowpox virus have a lower probability of survival than uninfected individuals. 2. The effect of cowpox virus infection on the probability of an individual surviving to the next month was investigated using longitudinal data collected over 2 years from four grassland sites in Kielder Forest, UK. This effect was also investigated at the population level, by examining whether infection prevalence explained temporal variation in survival rates, once other factors influencing survival had been controlled for. 3. Individuals with a probability of infection, P(I), of 1 at a time when base survival rate was at median levels had a 22.4% lower estimated probability of survival than uninfected individuals, whereas those with a P(I) of 0.5 had a 10.4% lower survival. 4. At the population level, survival rates also decreased with increasing cowpox prevalence, with lower survival rates in months of higher cowpox prevalence. 5. Simple matrix projection models with 28 day time steps and two stages, with 71% of voles experiencing cowpox infection in their second month of life (the average observed seroprevalence at the end of the breeding season) predict a reduction in 28-day population growth rate during the breeding season from λ = 1.62 to 1.53 for populations with no cowpox infection compared with infected populations. 6. This negative correlation between cowpox virus infection and field vole survival, with its potentially significant effect on population growth rate, is the first for an endemic pathogen in a cyclic population of wild rodents
A New Bismarckian Regime? Path Dependence and Possible Regime Shifts in Korea’s Evolving Pension System
No full textThis paper sheds light on the current state and the likely future development of Korea’s evolving pension system by analyzing it from a comparative perspective. It shows that, because of its many institutional layers, the Korean pension system could evolve into one of several different types of pension regimes: if the National Pension Scheme (NPS) were to continue to be dominant and occupational pensions continued to be marginal, a classic Bismarckian system would emerge; if the NPS were to be significantly reduced and occupational pensions were to be significantly expanded, a Bismarckian-light system would be the outcome; if other changes were to occur—such as the conversion of the basic pension into a universal, poverty-preventing pension and the partial replacement of the NPS by a mandatory personal or occupational-pension scheme—a mixed regime would emerge. The paper argues that the emergence and consolidation of a Bismarckian-style, single-pillar system is more likely than the shift to one of the variants of the multi-pillar system, such as the Bismarckian-light and the mixed regime type. Since there are many sources of path dependence that reinforce the Bismarckian path of development, a shift to a different pension regime is very difficult. For example, large accumulated entitlements and the strong redistributive role of the NPS make it difficult to reduce the public, earnings-related pension program, and significant accumulated entitlements and the important role of the severance pay scheme in company financing also make it difficult to expand occupational pensions.welfare state, pension systems, path dependence, institutional change, Korea
Courier, Vol.XXIII, No.2, Fall 1988
No full textDorothy Thompson: Withstanding the Storm / Michael J. Kirkhom, Associate Professor of Journalism, New York University, p.3 -- Dear Kit, Dear Skinny: The Letters of Erskine Caldwell and Margaret Bourke-White / William L. Howard, Assistant Professor of English, Chicago State University, p.23 -- Ted Key, Creator of Hazel / George L. Beiswinger, author and free,lance writer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, p.45 -- Five Renaissance Chronicles in Leopold von Ranke\u27s Library / Raymond Paul Schrodt, Ambrose Swasey Library, Colgate Rochester Divinity School, p.57 -- The Punctator\u27s World: A Discursion / Gwen G. Robinson, Editor, Syracuse University, Library Associates Courier, p.73 -- News of the Syracuse University Library and the Library Associates, p.10
The role of humanitarian NGO's: impact on South Korean food aid policy towards North Korea from 1995 to 2007
No full textThe existing literature has provided only a partial explanation of the political role of
South Korean humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in government
food aid policy making towards North Korea between 1995 and 2007. Using a
constructivist approach which includes non-state actor and normative factors in the
analysis of state policy making, this thesis demonstrates that South Korean
humanitarian NGO advocacy was consequential in explaining changes in South Korea’s
food aid policy making in respect of state agenda setting, the formation of a discursive
position and institutional and policy development. Humanitarian NGO advocacy finally
contributed to government establishment of a legal framework that could provide for
more consistent and large scale food aid to North Korea, irrespective of the vagaries of
inter-Korean political relations.
Despite humanitarian NGO advocacy, however, changes at different stages of
state food aid policy making differed among the three administrations. This thesis
demonstrates that these differences were attributable to the differing abilities of NGO to
set agendas, network and graft new norms in respect of government policy on food aid
to North Korea. These differing abilities resulted from changes in organisational
mandates, funding capacities and the expertise of NGOs over time. Firstly, a strong
humanitarian mandate between 1995 and 2000 was a key factor that enabled NGOs to
overcome the organisational limits that stemmed from their poor funding capacity and
lack of expertise. Secondly, stable funding capacity contributed to improvements in
organisational expertise; however, increased reliance on government funding after 2000
resulted in the weakening of NGOs’ advocacy ability. Lastly, given the favourable
operational environment after the Inter-Korean Summit in 2000, the organisational
expertise of NGOs developed to a level where it was possible to exert direct influence
on government food aid policy making towards North Korea
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