1,720,997 research outputs found
Shared Decision-Making Ontology for a Healthcare Team Executing a Workflow, an Instantiation for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression Management
No full textRegardless of potential benefits and better outcomes, adoption of shared decision-making between a patient and providers involved in his/her care is still in its infancy. This paper intends to fill this gap by formalizing shared decision-making, situating it as part of team-based care delivery, and incorporating workflow concepts allowing for identification of shared decision-making tasks. We accomplish that by creating novel shared decision-making ontology which constitutes the first step required in the development of a decision support system for shared decision-making. The proposed ontology formally defines and describes the key concepts and relations in the shared decision-making domain and lays the foundation for the formalization and support of the patient management process. We illustrate the applicability of the proposed ontology by creating its instantiation for the complex patient management scenario involving shared decision-making about the treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
How Do Spinal Surgeons Perceive The Impact of Factors Used in Post-Surgical Complication Risk Scores?
No full textWhen deciding about surgical treatment options, an important aspect of the decision-making process is the potential risk of complications. A risk assessment performed by a spinal surgeon is based on their knowledge of the best available evidence and on their own clinical experience. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the differences in the way spine surgeons perceive the importance of attributes used to calculate risk of post-operative and quantify the differences by building individual formal models of risk perceptions. We employ a preference-learning method - ROR-UTADIS - to build surgeon-specific additive value functions for risk of complications. Comparing these functions enables the identification and discussion of differences among personal perceptions of risk factors. Our results show there exist differences in surgeons' perceived factors including primary diagnosis, type of surgery, patient's age, body mass index, or presence of comorbidities
Why did AI get this one wrong? — Tree-based explanations of machine learning model predictions
No full textIncreasingly complex learning methods such as boosting, bagging and deep learning have made ML models more accurate, but harder to interpret and explain, culminating in black-box machine learning models. Model developers and users alike are often presented with a trade-off between performance and intelligibility, especially in high-stakes applications like medicine. In the present article we propose a novel methodological approach for generating explanations for the predictions of a generic machine learning model, given a specific instance for which the prediction has been made. The method, named AraucanaXAI, is based on surrogate, locally-fitted classification and regression trees that are used to provide post-hoc explanations of the prediction of a generic machine learning model. Advantages of the proposed XAI approach include superior fidelity to the original model, ability to deal with non-linear decision boundaries, and native support to both classification and regression problems. We provide a packaged, open-source implementation of the AraucanaXAI method and evaluate its behaviour in a number of different settings that are commonly encountered in medical applications of AI. These include potential disagreement between the model prediction and physician's expert opinion and low reliability of the prediction due to data scarcity
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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