268 research outputs found
Hypocaccus (Nessus) curtus Lackner & Seres 2018, comb. nov.
No full textHypocaccus (Nessus) curtus (Rosenhauer, 1847) comb. nov. (Figs 32, 40–44, 46–54) Saprinus curtus Rosenhauer, 1847: 26 (original description). MARSEUL (1855): 751 (redescription). Saprinus (Hypocaccus) curtus: GANGLBAUER (1899): 389 (redescription). Hypocacculus (Nessus) curtus: REICHARDT (1932): 49, 122 (keyed, redescription, incl. pl. IV, fig. 9); REICHARDT (1941): 285, 300 (keyed, redescription, incl. fig. 147C). Saprinus puncticollis Küster, 1849: 30 (original description). MARSEUL (1855): 755 (redescription); BICKHARDT (1916): 96 (synonymy). Saprinus (Hypocaccus) puncticollis: GANGLBAUER (1899): 389 (redescription). Hypocacculus (Nessus) puncticollis: KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976): 204, 213 (keyed, redescription); VIENNA (1980): 179, 181 (keyed, redescription, incl. fig. 64b); MAZUR (1984): 89 (catalogue); MAZUR (1997): 254 (catalogue); YÉLAMOS (2002): 320 (keyed, redescription, incl. fig. 157f); MAZUR (2004): 94 (catalogue); MAZUR (2011): 209 (catalogue); LACKNER et al. (2015): 118 (catalogue). Saprinus cribellaticollis Jacquelin du Val, 1858:99 (original description). Fauvel in GOZIS (1886): 202 (as synonym of Saprinus puncticollis). MARSEUL (1862): 509 (redescription). Saprinus (Hypocaccus) cribellaticollis: SCHMIDT (1885): 312 (keyed). Saprinus sicanus Marseul, 1862: 490 (original description, incl. pl. XVII, fig. 47). BAUDI DI SELVE (1864): 233 (as synonym of Saprinus puncticollis). Saprinus kuesteri Marseul, 1862: 715 (catalogue; unecessary replacement name for S. puncticollis Küster, 1849). Saprinus revisus Marseul, 1876: 39 (original description). BICKHARDT (1916): 97 (as synonym of Saprinus curtus). Type material examined. Saprinus curtus Rosenhauer, 1847. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♁ (Fig. 40), originally pinned with pin-hole in its right elytron, mounted on a rectangular mounting card, right antennal funicle and left mesotarsus missing, genitalia extracted and disarticulated, glued to the same mounting card as the specimen, ‘curtus / Rosenh. [written] // Hungaria [written] // herbeus Mars. [written] // Ex Musaeo / Rosenhauer [black-margined, printed label] // pas synonime / d’Herbeus Mars. / Dr. Auzat 1917 [written-printed] // Hongrie / Ex-Musaeo / ROSENHAUER [printed] // Hypocacculus / (Nannolepidius) curtus / (Rosenhauer, 1847) / Dr. Auzat Dét. 1917 [printed] // Exemplaire provenant de la / collection Vauloger de Beaupré / Marcel (1862-1904) et inclus dans / la collection S. Risser en 2011 [black-margined, printed label] // Saprinus curtus / Rosenhauer, 1847 / LECTOTYPE / Des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, printed]’ (ZSM). Saprinus puncticollis Küster, 1849. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♁ (Fig. 42), glued onto a rectangular mounting card, two left and three right mesotarsomeres missing, genitalia extracted, disarticulated and glued to the same mounting card as the specimen, ‘Typ! [written] // Cagliari / Dr. Küster [written] // puncticollis / Küst. [written] // Saprinus / curtus Rosenh. [written] // Saprinus puncticollis / Küster, 1849 / LECTOTYPE / Des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, printed]’ (ZSM). Saprinus cribellaticollis Jacquelin du Val, 1858. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♀ (Fig.41), glued on a rectangular mounting card, both antennal funicles broken off; legs: except for right foreleg and left foretibia, all tibiae broken off; with the following labels:tiny, green rectangular label that is glued onto much larger translucent plastic mounting card (original mounting card of J. du Val) and tiny, red, quadrate label, followed by, ‘ Saprinus cribellaticollis / Jacquelin du Val, 1858 / LECTOTYPE / Des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, printed]’ (MNHN; coll. Jacquelin du Val). Saprinus sicanus Marseul, 1862. LECTOTYPE (present designation):♁ (Fig. 43), glued onto a rectangular mounting card, right antennal funicle, both protarsi, two segments of right mesotarsus, as well as both metatibiae missing, male genitalia extracted, disarticulated and glued onto the same mounting card as the specimen, with the following labels: small, square-shaped blue label, followed by, ‘ Saprinus / sicanus m. / Schaum ‘59 [round label, written] // 129c / Saprinus / sicanus m. / Sicile / Schm 679 [round label, written] // 47 (129c) Saprin / sicanus m60 / Sicil. [written] // MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. De Marseul / 2842-90 [printed] // TYPE [red-printed label; followed by: “ Saprinus sicanus / Marseul, 1862 / LECTOTYPE / Des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, printed]’ (MNHN). Saprinus revisus Marseul, 1876. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♀ (Fig. 44), left antennal funicle, left protarsus, and left metatarsus missing, glued onto a rectangular mounting card, female genitalia extracted, glued to the same card as the specimen, ‘ Saprinus / revisus / rest of label illegible [round, blue label, written] // MUSEUM PARIS / Coll. / De Marseul 1890 [light-green label, printed] // TYPE [red-printed label] // Saprinus revisus / Marseul, 1876 / LECTOTYPE / Des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, printed]’ (MNHN). Additional material examined. ALGERIA: ANNABA: Bône [= Annaba], 1 ♀, coll. Dr. Buysson (MNHN; coll. Thérond); Bône [= Annaba], 1 ♁, Desbr. (MFNB). EGYPT: Egypt, no further data, 1 ♀, coll.Ancey, (MNHN; coll. Thérond). FRANCE: BOUCHES- DU- RHÔNE: Camargue, 2 ♁♁, L. Puel lgt., Auzat coll. (MNHN; coll. Thérond); Camargue, Vaccares, no date, 1 ♁, 29.v.1937, 1 ♁, J. Thérond lgt. (MNHN; coll. Thérond); Camargue, La Sauvage, 1.v.1928, 1 ♁, L. Puel lgt. (MNHN; coll. Thérond); St. Maries de la Mer, 18.vii.1922, 1 ♀, Dr. A. Chobaut lgt., coll.Dr.Auzat (MNHN; coll.Thérond). ITALY: SARDINIA: Cagliari, Saline di Stato, 10.v.1989, 1 ♁, 3 ♀♀, C. Meloni lgt. (1 ♁ in CTLA, 3 ♀♀ in MSNG); Stagno di Molentargius, 27.iii.1979, 1 ♁, C. Meloni lgt. (CPVV), 29.v.1988, 1 ♁, 1 ♀, C. Meloni lgt. (MSNG); Serdiana, 8.vi.2003, 6 ♁♁, 6 ♀♀, Fancello lgt. (MSNG); Molentargius, 31.i.1979, 1 ♁, C. Meloni lgt. (MSNG); Cagliari, Campo Santa Gilla, 28.iii.1983, 2 ♀♀, C. Meloni lgt.(MSNG). SICILY: Sicily, no further data, 1♁., 1 spec., Krtz. (MNHN); Sicilia, no further data, 1 ♀ (MFNB). LIBYA: TRIPOLI: Tripolis, no further data, 1 ♀ (MFNB). SPAIN: ANDALUSIA: Andalusia, no further data, 1♀ (MFNB). TUNISIA: TUNIS: Tunis, 1 spec., collector unknown, Reitter coll. (ZSM); Tint, i.–ii.1882, 1 ♁, G. & L. Doria lgt. (ZIN); Carthage, vii. 1914, 1♁, Novak lgt. (ZIN); Tunis, no further data, iv.[18]83, 1 ♁ (MFNB); Tunis, no further data, 6 ♁♁, 3 ♀♀ (MFNB); Tunis, ii.–iii.1882, 1♁, G. & L. Doria lgt. (MFNB); Radès, iv.1933, 1♁, M. Grossclaude (MNHN; coll. Thérond). SOUSSE: Sebkha Kelbia lake near Sousse, 8.iv.1962, 1 ♁, Cl. Besuchet lgt. (MSNG). Redescription. PEL: 1.60–2.00 mm; APW: 0.75–1.00 mm; PPW: 1.40–1.60 mm; EW: 1.50–1.75 mm; EL: 1.00–1.40 mm. Body (Fig. 40) oblong, oval, rather convex, cuticle dark-brown to black with faint to pronounced greenish hue; legs and antennal funicle light reddish-brown; antennal scape somewhat darker. Head: mandibles densely punctate dorsally; clypeus densely and coarsely punctate, almost rugose-lacunose, anterior margin slightly elevated; frontal disc with similar, if somewhat weaker punctation; occasionally this punctation is confluent and forms tiny rugae; frontal stria slightly outwardly arcuate, complete to reduced to interrupted medially, supraorbital stria well developed; eyes flattened, but visible from above. Basal third of frontal disc with irregular rounded glabrous area; occipital stria weak, but visible. Antennal scape somewhat darker than reddish antennal funicle, antennae similar to other species of the subgenus, sensory structures of the antennal club studied by DE MARZO & VIENNA (1982). Pronotum convex, lateral sides slightly narrowing anteriorly; anterior pronotal angles obtuse, marginal pronotal stria complete, its lateral portion observable in some cases from lateral view only. Entire pronotal disc covered with punctures separated by one to several times their diameter, punctation weakens medially. Scutellum very small, triangular. Elytra: elytral epipleuron impunctate, marginal epipleural stria complete, marginal elytral stria well developed, complete, continued as apical elytral stria for short distance. Humeral elytral stria well developed, present on basal elytral third; internal subhumeral stria present as a median fragment. Dorsal elytral striae 1–4 well developed, first the longest, slightly bisinuate, reaching approximately two-thirds of elytral length apically, occasionally even slightly longer, striae 2–4 shorter, reaching approximately elytral mid-length apically, while second stria may be longer than striae 3–4; fourth stria usually the shortest, formed in most cases of beads of punctures, stopping short of elytral mid-length apically. Fourth dorsal elytral stria usually not connected (connected in specimens that belong to form ‘ cribellaticollis ’) with the basal end of (in)complete sutural elytral stria, which is in punctures and can be basally shortened. Elytral punctation covers approximately apical half of elytral disc, slightly surpassing elytral mid-length basally, slightly and scatteredly entering elytral intervals in some specimens; punctation rather dense, punctures separated by approximately their own diameter. Basal elytral fifth, fourth elytral interval, elytral flanks and extreme elytral apex impunctate, or with scattered microscopic punctation only. Propygidium and pygidium: propygidium covered with punctation similar to that of elytra; pygidium with much finer and sparser punctation. Prosternum: prosternal process slightly to moderately concave (observed from lateral view); carinal prosternal striae carinate, divergent on prosternal apophysis, running convergent to sub-parallel to almost approximate apically; from mid-length of prosternal process slightly divergent anteriorly, apically united under tiny loop; interspaces between carinal prosternal striae with scattered punctures. Lateral prosternal stria strongly carinate, convergent apically, united in front of united carinal prosternal striae; lateral sides of prosternal process densely punctate; prosternal foveae moderately large, deep. Mesoventrite: disc of mesoventrite approximately three times as wide as long, with scattered punctures (occasionally almost glabrous); marginal mesoventral stria complete, slightly inwardly arcuate medially; meso-metaventral stria undulate, bisinuate, in punctures, slightly distanced from meso-metaventral suture medially. Metaventrite: disc of metaventrite apart from several rows of tiny punctures situated along basal margin entirely glabrous; lateral metaventral stria almost straight, slightly bisinuate, deeply impressed, in punctures, stopping short of metacoxa; lateral disc of metaventrite depressed, with large oval deep punctures separated by less than their diameter; metepisternum with similar punctation, punctures of smaller sizes than those of lateral disc of metaventrite. First visible abdominal ventrite striate laterally, with scattered fine punctation, occasionally almost impunctate. Legs: protibia (Fig. 32) on outer margin with 8–11 short to moderately long denticles diminishing in size proximally, protibial groove deep; rest of leg characters similar to preceding species. Male genitalia: sternite VIII (Figs 46–47) narrowing apically; sternite VIII and tergite VIII fused laterally (Fig. 48). Tergite IX medio-laterally with tiny acute projection (Figs 49–50). Spiculum gastrale (Figs 51–52) similar to other congeners. Aedeagus (Figs 53–54) almost subparallel, bluntly pointed apically. Distribution. Hungary (?), France, Italy: Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Malta, Cyprus, Turkey, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Egypt. Biology. According to VIENNA (1980), who repeats THÉROND (1975), H. (N.) curtus is found under detritus in sand near the seacoast, where it was collected from near Suaeda sp. and Statice virgata W. plant roots. Remarks. The type specimen was part of Rosenhauer’s collection, which later became partly a part of R. Oberthür’s collection (A. Taghavian, pers. comm. 2017), currently housed in MNHN. The senior author has visited MNHN multiple times and failed to locate the type specimen(s) of this species in the collections of MNHN (including R. Oberthür’s collection). Mr. Serge Risser (Pleucadeuc, France) recently purchased the Histeridae collection of the late Marcel René Paul de Vauloger de Beaupré and published its contents in two separate papers (RISSER 2013a,b). When reading RISSER’ S paper (2013a) we were intrigued by a specimen identified as Hypocacculus (Nannolepidius !) curtus originating from Hungary and from ‘Musaeo Rosenhauer’. Mr. Risser was kind enough to send this specimen to one of us (T. L.). Having examined it as well as compared it to Rosenhauer’s original description we concluded that this is the long-lost type specimen of Rosenhauer’s species Saprinus curtus. This species was described based on an unspecified number of specimens and therefore we designate a lectotype to fix the species identity. Saprinus curtus has become a mystery practically since its description, which was, however, rather detailed and served the purpose well. The reason for this was probably the fact that the type specimen(s) were unavailable for comparison and perhaps also because no more specimens matching this species were ever reported from ‘Hungary’. Based on the description alone, BICKHARDT (1916) correctly synonymized the H. (N.) puncticollis (Küster, 1849) with H. (N.) curtus, which was also followed by REICHARDT (1932). MÜLLER (1937), however, doubted the two species are synonymous since the apical elytral stria in H. (N.) curtus reaches only mid-length of elytral apex, while, according to MÜLLER (1937) it is complete in H. (N.) puncticollis. Furthermore, MÜLLER (1937) advocated using Küster’s H. (N.) puncticollis as the valid (albeit not the earliest) name for this species and suggested, perhaps because of the incomplete description or the absence of the type material, that H. (N.) curtus was a dubious taxon. In the latest treatise on the Histeridae of the USSR (KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976), which in fact included almost the entire Palaearctic fauna, Kryzhanovskij upheld MÜLLER’ S (1937) opinion, and the name Hypocaccus (Nessus) puncticollis gained priority. This was followed by MAZUR (1984, 1997, 2011) in all three editions of his world catalogue of the Histeridae as well as by the latest edition of the Palaearctic Catalogue by LACKNER et al. (2015). Having examined both type specimens as well as numerous non-type specimens we can conclude that the two species are synonymous, and the earlier described taxon (H. (N.) curtus) has the priority. Regarding external morphological variation of this species, see Remarks section of H. (N.) curtus . Saprinus puncticollis was described from a specimen found in Cagliari by Küster himself, as well as from specimen(s) brought by Mr. Handschuh from Cartagena (Spain) (KÜSTER 1849). The depository of the Spanish specimens is unknown and hence we designate the male specimen from Cagliari (Sardinia) as the lectotype to fix the identity of this taxon for purpose of synonymy. Saprinus cribellaticollis was described based on unknown number of specimens.A single specimen was located in the original collection of Jacquelin du Val, deposited in MNHN, under the label ‘ Saprinus cribellaticollis ’. Jacquelin du Val did not provide his specimens with any labels, but, according to the curator of Coleoptera in MNHN, A. Taghavian, he kept his types in his private collection. Therefore we presume that this specimen, which completely matches J. du Val’s description, is a syntype. The species was described based on an unknown number of specimens and therefore we designate the lectotype to fix the taxon identity for purpose of synonymy. Saprinus sicanus was described from Sicily (Italy) based on an unspecified number of specimens, therefore we designate the lectotype to fix the taxon identity for purpose of synonymy. Saprinus revisus was described from Algiers (Algeria) based on an unknown number of specimens, therefore we designate the lectotype to fix the taxon identity for purpose of synonymy. The type of S. curtus was found in mid-19 th century ‘Hungary’. This vague locality could refer to anywhere in the former Hungarian monarchy, which stretched south to the Adriatic Sea. It is possible that this species will be discovered in countries of the former Yugoslavia. It is a rather rare and seldom-collected species apparently spread around the Mediterranean Sea. Its rarity and slight morphological differences regarding dorsal punctation or course of carinal prosternal striae probably account for its numerous synonymies. Hypocaccus (Nessus) controversus (G. Müller, 1937) (Figs 45, 55–63) Hypocacculus controversus G. Müller, 1937: 115 (original description). Hypocacculus (Nessus) controversus: KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976): 204, 212 (keyed, redescription); MAZUR (1984): 89 (catalogue); MAZUR (1997): 252 (catalogue); MAZUR (2004):93 (catalogue). Hypocaccus (Nessus) controversus: MAZUR (2011): 208 (catalogue); LACKNER et al. (2015): 117 (catalogue). Type material examined. Hypocacculus controversus. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♀ (Fig. 45), mounted on a triangular mounting card, right metatarsus missing, ‘ ♀ [written] // Banat 1909 / Herkulesbad / leg. M. Hilf / Coll. O. Leonhardt [printed] // sbsp. / controversus [written] // TYPUS [light-ochre label, printed] // scat. / Hist. 6 [yellow label, written] // Hypocacculus / (Nessus) / controversus / G. Müller, 1937 / LECTOTYPE / des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, written]’ (CST). PARALECTOTYPES: 1 ♀, side-mounted on a triangular mounting point, left meso- and metatarsus missing, ‘Athen / Phaleron [written] // Da Scat. / 6 [yellow label, written] // Hypocacculus (Nessus) / controversus Müll. / Det. T. Lackner 2017 [printed-written] // Hypocacculus / (Nessus) / controversus / G. Müller, 1937 / PARALECTOTYPE / des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, written]’ (CST). 1 ♀, ‘Saloniki / Schatzmayr [written] // Da Scat. / 6 [yellow label, written] // Hypocacculus (Nessus) / controversus Müll. / Det. T. Lackner 2017 [printed-written] // Hypocacculus / (Nessus) / controversus / G. Müller, 1937 / PARALECTOTYPE / des. T. Lackner 2017 [red label, written]’ (CST). Additional material examined. CYPRUS: Cyprus, no further data, 1 spec. (probably a male, genitalia lost), Baudi, (MFNB). GREECE: Greece, 1 ♁ (genitalia lost, sexed by the protarsi), 1 ♀, Emge lgt., C. & O. Vogt coll. (1 ♀ in CTLA, 1 ♁ in MSNG); Greece, 1 ♁, (MFNB). ATTICA: Attica, no further data, 2 ♀♀ (MFNB). CRETE: Lerapetra E, 0–20 m, 17.–23.iv.2000, 1 ♀, A. Kopetz ltg. (MSNG). IONIAN ISLANDS: Zante [=Zakynthos],Kalamaki,1909, 1♁, M.Hilf lgt., Coll. O. Leonhard (MNFB). JORDAN: IRBID: 5 km NE of El Karama, 31.iii.1994, 31.58°N, 35.36°E, 200 m, 1 ♀, S. Bečvář jun. & sen. lgt. (dubious identification) (MSNG); Toten Meer [= Dead Sea], 10.v.1963, 1 ♀, J. Klapperich lgt. (dubious identification) (MSNG). ROMANIA: BANAT: Banat, Orșova, 1909, 1 ♀, M. Hilf lgt., coll. O. Leonhard (MFNB). TUNISIA: DJERBA: Rass Taguernes, 10.–20.ii.1997, 1 ♀, Egger Manfred lgt. (dubious identification) (MSNG). TURKEY: IZMIR: Smyrna? [=Izmir], no further data, 1 ♁ (MFNB). Diagnostic description. This species is externally rather similar to the preceding species and therefore here we provide only the diagnostic description outlining the differences between the two taxa. Body (Fig. 45) somewhat more round and more flattened, light to dark brown, with light bronze hue (never with greenish hue). PEL: 2.00–2.30 mm; APW: 1.00–1.10 mm; PPW: 1.50–1.70 mm; EW: 1.65–1.90 mm; EL: 1.25–1.50 mm. Frontal disc more finely punctate than the one of H. (N.) curtus; pronotum medially almost impunctate. The first dorsal elytral stria is only slightly longer than the second (apically both striae 1–2 surpass slightly elytral half), never reaching ¾ of the elytral length apically (in H. curtus the first dorsal elytral stria is substantially longer, occasionally surpassing ¾ of elytral length apically). Sutural elytral stria always connected basally with fourth dorsal elytral stria (in H. curtus these two striae are joined only in specimens that belong to the ‘ cribellaticollis ’ form), can occasionally be shortened apically. Carinal prosternal striae strongly convergent apically, their apices very approximate, stopping posterad of united lateral prosternal striae; their united apices not forming a ‘loop’ as in H. curtus. MÜLLER (1937) mentioned another character: the mesoventral punctation is supposed to be denser and coarser in ‘ controversus ’ than in ‘ puncticollis ’ (= H. curtus). According to our observations, this is a valid, but not entirely stable character, since even among the few ‘ controversus ’ specimens we were able to examine we saw a specimen with only weak mesoventral punctation; the majority of specimens had their mesoventrite densely punctate. Male genitalia (Figs 55–63) are generally similar to the preceding species, the aedeagi differ most markedly: the one of H. (N.) curtus is sub-parallel and blunted apically, while the one of H. (N.) controversus is shorter, stouter, slightly dilated in apical third with acutely pointed apex (compare Figs 53 and 62). Note. The two female specimens from Jordan as well as the female from Tunisia are generally somewhat narrower, and their frons is adorned with coarse elongate rugae in place of dense punctures that are present
Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij 1987
No full textCtenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987 Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987: 25. Type species: Xenonychus chobauti Théry, 1900, original designation. Ctenophilothis: Olexa (1990): 143; Mazur (1997): 268; Mazur (2004): 91; Lackner (2010): 64, 90; Mazur (2011): 213. Diagnosis. Ctenophilothis was recently diagnosed by Lackner (2010), to which the reader is referred for a complete diagnosis of the genus. Differential diagnosis. Ctenophilothis is most similar to the species of the genus Philothis, differing from them chiefly by the shape of protibia that is adorned with two distal teeth topped by denticles followed by numerous long denticles in Ctenophilothis, whereas the species of the genus Philothis have their outer margin of protibia with two large triangular teeth topped with tiny denticle without any subsequent denticles (Lackner 2010). See the key to the Palaearctic genera of the Saprininae by the author for correct generic placement (Lackner 2010). Biology. Ctenophilothis is a psammophilous genus with two described species. The type specimen of the genus, C. chobauti, has been collected in sand, near rotten stems of Orobanchaceae. The rest of the known specimens, as far as their biologies are known, have been collected in sand near decaying plants. Nothing is known about the biology of C. altus. According to Kovarik & Caterino (2005) Ctenophilothis “inhabits sandy areas where shifting sand can bury and kill vegetation occurring there. Histerids will prey upon larvae of Diptera and Coleoptera that colonize the decaying plant material”. Ctenophilothis belongs to the strict psammophiles and its species are morphologically well adapted to life in sand. Most of the examined specimens have been taken in spring, with some specimens of C. chobauti collected also in October. In the southern Palaearctic, there are two Saprininae taxa associated with Orobanchaceae: Paravolvulus syphax (Reitter, 1904) known from Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia (Mazur 2011) recently collected also from Syria (Gomy 2013) and Chalcionellus hauseri (Schmidt, 1894) known from Turkmenistan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Mazur 2011). Both these taxa develop in the dry and decaying stalks of Cystanche (Orobanchaceae) (Kovarik & Caterino 2005). C. hauseri can be occasionally found together with its larvae within the stalks of Cystanche flava as well as in the surrounding sand in large numbers, where they prey upon flies of the genus Eumerus (Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt, 1976). Distribution. Ctenophilothis is an element of the Sahara desert: C. chobauti is known from Algeria and has recently been discovered in Morocco (Lackner 2010, Gomy 2011) and C. altus is known exclusively from Egypt (Mazur 2011), see also Fig. 27.Published as part of Lackner, Tomáš, 2013, Revision of the genus Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987 (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Saprininae), pp. 273-282 in Zootaxa 3691 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3691.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/25450
A MAP kinase homolog, mpk-1, is involved in ras-mediated induction of vulval cell fates in Caenorhabditis elegans
No full textThe results showed that mpk-1 plays an important functional role as an activator in ras-mediated cell signalling in vivo in C. elegans..RE: 81 ref.; SC: CA; ZA; PE; 0TSource type: Electronic(1) http://upei-resolver.asin-risa.ca?sid=SP:CABI&id=pmid:&id=&issn=0890-9369&isbn=&volume=8&issue=2&spage=160&pages=160-173&date=1994&title=Genes%20and%20Development&atitle=A%20MAP%20kinase%20homolog%2c%20mpk-1%2c%20is%20involved%20in%20ras-mediated%20induction%20of%20vulval%20cell%20fates%20in%20Caenorhabditis%20elegans.&aulast=Lackner&pid=%3Cauthor%3ELackner%2c%20M%20R%3bKornfield%2c%20K%3bMiller%2c%20L%20M%3bHorvitz%2c%20H%20R%3bKim%2c%20S%20K%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E19942305511%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%20article%3C%2FDT%3
Zorius Reichardt 1932
No full textZorius Reichardt, 1932 ZoriusReichardt, 1932: 16, 25. Type species: Saprinus funereus Schmidt, 1890, original designation. Zorius: REICHARDT (1941): 154, 274; DAHLGREN (1969c): 230; KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976): 196; MAZUR (1984): 78; MAZUR (1997): 245; MAZUR (2004): 101; LACKNER (2009b): 120. Diagnosis. Cuticle dark brown to pitch black, in Zorius funereus almost entirely imbricate, without metallic luster; anterior margin of clypeus elevated; frontal stria well impressed, slightly curved outwardly; pronotal foveae absent; pronotal hypomeron setose; both sets of prosternal striae present; pre-apical foveae absent. Protibia on outer margin with up to 10 low teeth topped with short denticle. This genus has been recently revised by LACKNER (2009b). For the sake of consistency its diagnosis, biology and distribution are repeated here, if slightly altered to fit the style used in this publication. Likewise, since this paper introduces some new terminology, this has also been taken into the account and the relevant parts are altered. Differential diagnosis. Genus Zorius superficially most resembles the members of the genus Saprinus especially by the absence of pre-apical foveae, general body form and elytral striae. It differs from them by the presence of a complete frontal stria (usually widely interrupted in Saprinus), flattened eyes (usually convex and well-visible from above in Saprinus) and the anteriorly elevated clypeus (not elevated in Saprinus). The sensory structures of the antennal club likewise differ from those of the species of the genus Saprinus: antennal club of Zorius possesses one sensory area on internal distal side with a corresponding single vesicle beneath it, whereas species of Saprinus usually have multiple sensory areas on the ventral as well as dorsal sides of antennal club, sometimes supplemented by slit-like pits, with a single vesicle situated under one of them (for more details see LACKNER (2009b)). Members of Zorius could further be confused with several species of the genus Hypocacculus or Chalcionellus but can be easily separated from them by a larger body size and absent pre-apical foveae (almost universally present in Hypocacculus and Chalcionellus). Further, Zorius lacks any metallic luster that is often present in the species of Hypocacculus or Chalcionellus. Biology. Zorius is a very rare taxon, its biology is unknown. Distribution. Zorius funereus (Schmidt, 1890) and Z. exilis Reichardt, 1932 are known from Palestine, Israel and Syria. Zorius exilis Reichardt, 1932 is known only from the holotype. MAZUR (1997) erroneously mentions Zorius exilis Reichardt, 1932 from Syria. The original description mentions Nablus, which is in Palestine. Also, the same author (MAZUR 1997) mentions Z. funereus from Palestine and Syria, giving Palestine as the type locality. The correct type locality is Haifa, which is not in Palestine, but in Israel (see also LACKNER 2009b). Species examined. Zorius exilis Reichardt, 1932, Z. funereus (Schmidt, 1890). Discussion. Taxonomic position of this rare genus is somewhat unclear; in the preliminary cladistic analysis of the Palaearctic Saprininae (LACKNER, in prep.) it came out near the Hypocaccus – Eopachylopus – Exaesiopus complex, but at that time the sensory structures of the antennal club have not been studied. It is probably a monophyletic taxon, supported by several putative synapomorphies: absent pre-apical foveae, complete frontal stria, elevated anterior margin of clypeus; on the other hand the ciliate pronotal hypomeron or protibia with numerous teeth on outer margin are possible homoplasies.Published as part of Lackner, Tomáš, 2010, Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), pp. 1-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 50 on pages 232-237, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.427212
Antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus infections: are the MICs Useful for clinicians?
No full textInvasive fungal infections (IFI) represent a global issue and affect various patient populations. In recent years, resistant fungal isolates showing increased MICs to azoles or echinocandins have been reported, and their potential clinical impact has been investigated
Xenonychus chobauti Thery 1900
No full textCtenophilotis chobauti (Théry, 1900) (Figs. 1–17) Xenonychus chobauti Théry, 1900: 32. Styphrus chobauti: Bickhardt (1910): 107. Philothis chobauti: Peyerimhoff (1936): 220, Figs. 2, 225; Mazur (1984): 109. Ctenophilothis chobauti: Kryzhanovskij (1987): 25, Fig. 1; Olexa (1990): 146, 153, Figs. 6, 9, 10, 22, 27, 52, 53; Mazur (1997): 268; Mazur (2004): 91; Lackner (2010): 91, figs. 17, 43, 46, 78, 85, 114, 266– 281; Mazur (2011): 213. Type locality. Algeria, Touggourt. Type material examined. Ctenophilothis chobauti. NEOTYPE (here designated): male, with genitalia extracted and glued to the same card as the specimen: ‘ 3 ’ [written]’, followed by: ‘ Maroc - Tafilalet; dunes / à la sortie Sud de Mer- / zouga; st° 47; 720m / 31 °04' N 04°00' W’ [printed], followed by: ‘Mission 2010 / H. Labrique, Y. Gomy / et G. Chavanon’ [printed], followed by: ‘ Ctenophilohis / chobauti (Théry) / Y. Gomy det. 2010 ’ [printed-written], followed by: ‘ Xenonychus / chobauti Théry 1900 / NEOTYPUS / Des. T. Lackner 2013 [red, hand-written label]’ (CCEC). Additional material examined. ALGERIA: 2 3 & 3 ♀, Béni Abbès, 20.x. 1980, A. Olexa lgt.; 7 specs., ibid, but 11.iv. 1988; 1 3, ibid, but v. 1960 (collector unknown); 2 3 & 1 ♀, Iglu, 12.iv. 1988, A. Olexa lgt.; 1 ♀, ibid, but O. Kapler lgt.; 1 spec., Timimoun, 18.10. 1980, A. Olexa lgt.; 2 3 & 1 ♀, Aïn Sefra, 26.iv. 1987, A. Olexa lgt. (TLAN). Comment. The type specimen of this species has not been located in the collections of MNHN during author’s visit in 2009. A subsequent search in different museums as well as MNHN undertaken during the years 2009–2013 was unsuccessful. Therefore, it is necessary to designate a neotype for this species to fix its identity as the type species of Ctenophilothis. The neotype will be housed at CCEC. Differential diagnosis. Similar to the following species, differing from it by narrower elytral humeri, rounded mandibles (almost perpendicularly angled in C. altus), and, especially the shape of protibia, which is quite different between the two species (see also Differential diagnosis of C. altus and compare Figs. 10 and 20). Biology. The type specimen was collected by Chobaut in sand near the rotten stems of Broomrapes (Orobanche sp.; Théry 1900). Gomy et al. (2011) collected two specimens of C. chobauti in southern Morocco at the foot of plants in a sand dune. According to Olexa (1990), who collected most known Palaearctic psammophilous Saprininae genera, Ctenophilothis and Philothis are capable of burrowing rapidly in the sand and can be found as deep as 50 cm. Distribution. Algeria (known from Touggourt, Iglu, Timimoun, Aïn Sefra and Béni Abbès); Morocco (Merzouga) (Fig. 27). Remarks. This species has been re-described by the author (Lackner 2010), and its re-description is not repeated here. However, for the better recognition of these two rare species, the SEM micrographs and drawings of male genitalia are shown again.Published as part of Lackner, Tomáš, 2013, Revision of the genus Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987 (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Saprininae), pp. 273-282 in Zootaxa 3691 (2) on pages 274-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3691.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/25450
The Development of Single-domain VHH Nanobodies that Target the Candida albicans Cell Surface
No full textThis manuscript has been made open access under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence under the terms of the University of Aberdeen Research Publications Policy. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This publication would not be possible without the tremendous hard work and endeavour of Frank Sauer, we would like to acknowledge Frank’s important contributions. Frank Sauer’s current location is unknown and he could not be contacted but based on his contributions to this manuscript he has been listed here as an author. This work was supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. H2020-MSCA-ITN518 2014–642 095. CM also acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 847507 (HDM-FUN). We thank Chevyro Andrea, Nima Salehi and Carlo Brouwer for data collection. Additionally, we thank Dr. Cornelia Lass-Flörl and Dr. Michaela Lackner for making clinical isolates of Candida species available.Peer reviewe
The immune response of human monocytes to Lichtheimia corymbifera
No full textThe environmental fungus Lichtheimia corymbifera can cause a life-threatening infection known as Invasive Mucormycosis (IM). Particularly, when infecting immunocompromised individuals. The mortality rates of IM are considerably high compared to other invasive fungal infections due to its rapid progression, limited antifungal treatments, and often delayed diagnosis. Although awareness of IM increased during the last few years, little is known about the host immune response to Mucorales. The thesis at hand addresses the interplay between L. corymbifera, one of the most common causative agents of IM in Europe, and human monocytes, specialized phagocytes that contribute to antigen presentation, give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells, and modulate the inflammatory response against several pathogenic fungi. This study covered relevant aspects of the host-pathogen interaction such as the recognition of L. corymbifera by human monocytes, the intracellular fate of L. corymbifera, the activation of Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs) signaling cascades, and L. corymbifera resistance to intracellular acidification. Here, it was demonstrated that (i) L. corymbifera is resistant to intracellular killing, (ii) survives in an acid medium and remains within human monocytes with non-germination. While monocytes exert an early inflammatory response by producing Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), followed by the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Production of these cytokines predominantly depended on the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly by TLR4 to produce IL-1β, while TNF-α was secreted via C-type lectin receptors (CTLs), and IL-6 by activation of both TLRs and CTLs. Taken together, the findings of this thesis provide new knowledge on the recognition and processing of L. corymbifera by primary monocytes, which may contribute to identifying specific L. corymbifera ligands and future therapies to enhance fungal clearance
Eremosaprinus Ross 1939
No full textEremosaprinus Ross, 1939 Eremosaprinus Ross, 1939: 39 (as a subgenus of Saprinus). Eremosaprinus: ROSS (1940):1; BLACKWELDER & BLACKWELDER (1948):11; WENZEL (1962):374,380; KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976): 111, 122; MAZUR (1984): 106; MAZUR (1997): 216; MAZUR (2001): 19; MAZUR (2004): 91. Erebidus Reichardt, 1941: 161, 170 (as a subgenus of Gnathoncus). Type species: Gnathoncus vlasovi Reichardt, 1941, by monotypy. Synonymized by KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976): 122. Type species: Saprinus unguiculatus Ross, 1939, original designation. Diagnosis. Body flattened from above; cuticle never metallic; frontal, supraorbital striae absent; antennal scape and pedicel slender, elongated; antennal club elongated; lacinial hook present. Pronotal foveae, pre-apical foveae and lateral prosternal striae absent, carinal prosternal striae present; prosternal process flat and broad; outerlateral costa reaches prosternal process, basal margin distinctly elevated; meso-metaventral sutural stria sinuate, distanced from meso-metaventral suture. Venter of body asetose. Protibia on explanate posterior surface with row of about 15 denticles; meso- and metatibiae long, slender; ninth tergite divided longitudinally. The diagnosis of the genus Eremosaprinus is here based not on the genus’ type species, but on its single Palaearctic representative instead. This is mainly due to the fact that this work deals primarily with the Saprinine of the Palaearctic region. Differential diagnosis. This taxon is most similar to the species of the genus Gnathoncus differing from it by absent lateral prosternal striae and shape of protibia. From the species of the genus Saprinus it differs likewise by the absent lateral prosternal striae, shape of the protibia as well as by the absence of supraorbital stria (present in Saprinus). Biology. Eremosaprinus is an inquilinous genus, collected in sandy regions as well as on the clay soils. Beetles are found exclusively in rodent nests, found in the burrows of Spermophilopsis leptodactylus (Lichtenstein, 1823), Meriones erythrourus (Gray, 1842) and Rhombomys opimus (Lichtenstein, 1823) in Central Asia and kangaroo rats (Dipodomys sp.) for the North American species, and are morphologically well adapted to the inquilinous way of life (REICHARDT 1941, KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976). Distribution. This genus contains four North American and one Palaearctic species. Palaearctic species Eremosaprinus vlasovi occurs in the Central Asian province of Turan (recorded from Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). Species examined. Eremosaprinus vlasovi (Reichardt, 1941). Notes on taxonomic status. The genus Eremosaprinus was originally described as a subgenus of the genus Saprinus, but later the same author used it in full generic status without any explanation or listing any of its species (ROSS 1940). BLACKWELDER & BLACKWELDER (1948) listed it as a valid genus with all its species referring to ROSS (1940) in a footnote ‘Considered a distinct genus’. MAZUR (1997) overlooked the Catalogue of BLACKWELDER & BLACKWELDER (1948) and proposed a new combination for all species of Eremosaprinus. Discussion. The preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the genera of the Palaearctic Saprininae (LACKNER, in prep.) suggests that taxa Eremosaprinus and Gnathoncus together with Myrmetes compose the most basal clade of the Palaearctic Saprininae, supported by several putative synapomorphies among which are the completely absent frontal and supraorbital striae and ninth tergite of the male genitalia divided into two parts. Eremosaprinus shares similar sensory structures of antennal club with Gnathoncus, but is devoid of lateral prosternal striae, which is probably an apomorphic character. Presence of lacinial hook is another ‘strong’ character supporting its relationship with Gnathoncus. Eremosaprinus vlasovi was originally described in a newly created subgenus Erebidus of the genus Gnathoncus and only later (Kryzhanovskij in KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT 1976: 122) transferred it into hitherto North American genus Eremosaprinus. It is believed (Tishechkin, pers. comm. 2009) that the North American representatives of this genus are quite different from their Central Asian congener and perhaps they constitute two different genera. It is hoped here that further study of this genus will clarify their exact taxonomic position.Published as part of Lackner, Tomáš, 2010, Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), pp. 1-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 50 on page 96, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.427212
Saprinillus paromaloides Kryzhanovskij 1974
No full textSaprinillus paromaloides Kryzhanovskij, 1974 (Figs. 133, 611–626) Saprinillus paromaloides Kryzhanovskij, 1974: 107, Figs. 7–10. Saprinillus paromaloides: KRYZHANOVSKIJ & REICHARDT (1976): 216 (partim); MAZUR (1984): 83; MAZUR (1997): 249; MAZUR (2004): 96; LACKNER (2009a): 113, 117, Figs. 8–13, 14:A–G. Type locality. Mongolia, Khushu Sayr, South Gobi Aimak. Type material examined. PARATYPES: 1 ♁ 1 ♀, ‘MNR [= Mongolian People’s Republic], Yu. [Yuzhno = Southern] Gob. [= Gobijskij] Khushu / Sayr, 25 km South of Khailastyn-Gobi / 21.vi.1971 / Kerzhner [written] //, Solonchak [= salt-marsh], v opade [in debris] / pod [= under] Kalidium [written] // Paratypus 1971 / Saprinillus / paromaloides sp.n. / Kryzhanovskyi det. [red label, printed-written] // St. Petersburg / Zool. Inst [yellow label, printed] // D07–070 [written pink label, added by the author] (ZIN)’. Redescription. Body length: PEL: 1.50 mm; APW: 0.50 mm; PPW: 1.00 mm; EL: 1.00 mm; EW: 1.10 mm. Body (Figs. 611–612) cylindrical, convex, without metallic luster; cuticle light brown, legs, antennae and mouthparts light brown. Antennal scape (Fig. 615) with two short setae; club without visible articulation, entire surface covered with short sensilla intermingled with much sparser erect sensilla; sensory structures of antennal club not examined. Mouthparts. Mandibles with almost straight outer margin, outer margin carinate, strongly curved inwardly, mandibular apex acutely pointed. Disc of labrum not examined, two well impressed labral pits present, with two well-sclerotized setae arising from each; terminal labial palpomere elongated, its width about one-third its length; mentum square-shaped, without emargination in middle of anterior margin (Fig. 133); antero-lateral corners with several short setae, lateral margins with a single row of short ramose setae; disc of mentum laterally covered with few short setae; medially imbricate, glabrous. Cardo of maxilla on lateral margin with few short setae; stipes triangular, with three much longer setae; terminal maxillary palpomere elongated, its width about one-third its length, approximately twice as long as penultimate; remaining mouthparts not examined. Clypeus (Fig. 615) flat, rugulose-lacunose; frontal stria widely interrupted anteriorly, forming acute angles above eyes; supraorbital stria vaguely impressed; frontal disc (Fig. 615) anteriorly with a shallow depression, shallowly rugulose-lacunose, posteriorly with regular round moderate punctures; eyes flattened, visible from above. Pronotum (Fig. 611) weakly convergent anteriorly; apical angles blunt; marginal pronotal stria complete, slightly carinate laterally; disc laterally with coarse and dense deep punctures becoming sparser and finer medially; antescutellar area with vague depression; pronotal hypomeron glabrous. Elytral epipleuron with scattered fine punctures; marginal epipleural stria thin, complete; marginal elytral stria complete, slightly carinate, for short distance continuous along elytral apex; apical elytral stria absent. Elytra with four well impressed dorsal elytral striae 1–4, in punctures, first three about the same length, reaching about two-thirds of elytral length apically, fourth dorsal elytral stria slightly shortened, reaching about elytral half apically, basally united with sutural elytral stria; sutural elytral stria well impressed, on basal half in sparse punctures, reaching elytral apex; between it and elytral suture a row of fine punctures present; humeral elytral stria finely impressed on basal third; inner subhumeral stria present as short median fragment; elytral disc on apical half with deep scattered punctation, punctures separated by about 2–4 times their own diameter, becoming somewhat denser apically; basal half of elytral disc with much finer and sparser punctation. Propygidium (Fig. 614) transverse, almost completely exposed, with several rows of punctures; pygidium (Fig. 614) with round regular punctures, separated by about their own to twice their diameter, becoming finer apically; interspaces in both cases imbricate. Anterior margin of median portion of prosternum (Fig. 616) evenly rounded; marginal prosternal stria present laterally and as short vague anterior fragment; pre-apical foveae well-impressed, deep; prosternal process flattened, surface between carinal prosternal striae shallowly imbricate-punctate; laterally coarsely imbricate-punctate; carinal prosternal striae carinate, slightly divergent on prosternal apophysis, subparallel, united anteriorly; lateral prosternal striae strongly carinate, convergent anteriorly, vaguely united in front of united carinal prosternal striae. Anterior margin of mesoventrite deeply emarginate medially, discal marginal mesoventral stria well impressed, carinate; disc of mesoventrite with sparse fine punctures; meso-metaventral sutural stria inconspicuous, meso-metaventral suture well observable, thin. Intercoxal disc of metaventrite almost smooth, with fine sparse punctures; area around hind coxae with few coarser punctures; lateral metaventral stria (Fig. 617) well impressed, straight, carinate, almost reaching hind coxa; lateral disc of metaventrite (Fig. 617) with shallow large punctures, interspaces imbricate; metepisternum (Fig. 617) with similar, even coarser and denser punctures, fused metepimeron smooth; surface around lateral margins of metepisternum imbricate. Intercoxal disc of the first abdominal sternite completely striate laterally, lateral stria distinctly carinate, disc smooth, only in anterolateral corners with sparse round punctures of various sizes. Protibia (Fig. 618) on outer margin with eight short denticles diminishing in size in proximal direction, teeth absent; setae of outer row sparse, regular and short; setae of median row not inspected; protarsal groove moderately deep; anterior protibial stria shortened apically, two tarsal denticles present apically; protibial spur not inspected. Apical margin of protibia not inspected; posterior surface of protibia not inspected. Mesotibia (Fig. 619) slender, outer margin with two sparse rows of thin denticles growing in size apically; setae of outer row worn off; setae of median row inconspicuous; posterior mesotibial stria inconspicuous; anterior surface of mesotibia imbricate with scattered minuscule punctures with microscopic setae; anterior mesotibial stria complete, terminating in two tiny inner anterior denticles; mesotibial spur stout, moderately long; apical margin with several tiny denticles; claws of apical tarsomere shorter than half its length; metatibia (Fig. 613) basically similar to mesotibia, but slenderer and denticles of outer margin much sparser than those of mesotibia. Male genitalia. Eighth sternite (Figs. 620–621) longitudinally separated medially, apically with tiny inflatable membrane (velum) with dense brush of moderately long setae; eighth tergite and eighth sternite not fused laterally (Fig. 622). Morphology of 9 th tergite (Figs. 623–624) typical for the subfamily; spiculum gastrale (Fig. 623) expanded on both ends. Basal piece of aedeagus (Figs. 625–626) rather short, ratio of its length: length of parameres 1: 4; parameres fused along their basal half; aedeagus slightly curved ventrad (Fig. 626). Remarks. Redescription of this taxon has been recently published by the author (LACKNER 2009a). For the sake of consistency and clarity of the terminology used it is repeated in the present paper. This re-description is likewise focused more in detail on several morphological structures omitted in the afore-mentioned publication, namely legs, mouthparts and male genitalia.Published as part of Lackner, Tomáš, 2010, Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae), pp. 1-254 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 50 on pages 190-192, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.427212
- …
