31 research outputs found
Best anaesthetic drug strategy for morbidly obese patients
No full textPurpose of review: The purpose of this review is to describe an evidence-based drug strategy applicable to any obese patient, rather than to present one standard ideal' anaesthetic drug combination. The ultimate choice of specific drugs in any given situation will depend upon clinician experience, patient specifics, and drug availability. The fundamental principle in anaesthesia for the obese patient is to use the shortest acting, least fat soluble agents to ensure rapid recovery to safe levels of alertness and mobility.
Recent findings: No new drugs have been introduced over the past few years, but we have seen an introduction of enhanced recovery after surgery-based protocols into bariatric surgery. Our understanding of how obesity affects pharmacokinetics/dynamics of our drugs is improving, with new and better use of established drugs. Allometric scaling is being tested in the different pharmacokinetic/dynamic models used in target controlled infusion devices, with improved performance as a result. Obstructive sleep apnoea has a significant impact upon outcome and utilization of clinical resources, including critical care beds. If an improved drug dosing strategy will reduce this impact, then this would be a step forward.
Summary: This review introduces newer findings to help us use anaesthetic and analgesic drugs more safely in the morbidly obese. However, there remain many areas of uncertainty with a lack of consensus on many issues
Designing intelligent anesthesia for a changing patient demographic: a consensus statement to provide guidance for specialist and non-specialist anesthetists written by members of and endorsed by the Society for Obesity and Bariatric Anaesthesia (SOBA)
No full textAdministration of albumin to patients with sepsis syndrome: a possible beneficial role in plasma thiol repletion
No full textIdentification of Sleep Medicine and Anesthesia Core Topics for Anesthesia Residency: A Modified Delphi Technique Survey
No full textPerioperative management of obstructive sleep apnea in bariatric surgery: a consensus guideline
No full textBackground: The frequency of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasing worldwide, with over 500,000 cases performed every year. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is present in 35%–94% of MBS patients. Nevertheless, consensus regarding the perioperative management of OSA in MBS patients is not established. Objectives: To provide consensus based guidelines utilizing current literature and, when in the absence of supporting clinical data, expert opinion by organizing a consensus meeting of experts from relevant specialties. Setting: The meeting was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Methods: A panel of 15 international experts identified 75 questions covering preoperative screening, treatment, postoperative monitoring, anesthetic care and follow-up. Six researchers reviewed the literature systematically. During this meeting, the “Amsterdam Delphi Method” was utilized including controlled acquisition of feedback, aggregation of responses and iteration. Results: Recommendations or statements were provided for 58 questions. In the judgment of the experts, 17 questions provided no additional useful information and it was agreed to exclude them. With the exception of 3 recommendations (64%, 66%, and 66% respectively), consensus (>70%) was reached for 55 statements and recommendations. Several highlights: polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing OSA; continuous positive airway pressure is recommended for all patients with moderate and severe OSA; OSA patients should be continuously monitored with pulse oximetry in the early postoperative period; perioperative usage of sedatives and opioids should be minimized. Conclusion: This first international expert meeting provided 58 statements and recommendations for a clinical consensus guideline regarding the perioperative management of OSA patients undergoing MBS
Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: “AbSeS”, a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project
No full textPurpose: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). Methods: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. Conclusion: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection. © 2019, The Author(s)
Association of intraoperative end-tidal CO2 levels with postoperative outcomes: a patient-level analysis of two randomised clinical trials
No full textBackground: The relationship between intraoperative end-tidal CO2 (etCO2) levels and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomised trials in adults undergoing major surgery under general anaesthesia. Methods: We re-analysed individual participant data comparing high or low positive end-expiratory pressure with low tidal volume intraoperative ventilation using a merged database derived from two randomised trials in non-obese (PROVHILO: ISRCTN70332574) and obese (PROBESE: NCT02148692) patients. The exposure of interest was low etCO2 (<4.7 kPa) vs normal-high etCO2 (≥4.7 kPa). The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications within 5 days. A time-weighted etCO2 analysis and propensity score matching were also performed to adjust for confounding. Results: Of 2793 participants, 891 (29.4%; 52% female) had low etCO2, compared with 1972/2793 (70.6%; 65% female) participants with normal-high etCO2. Compared with participants with normal-high etCO2, higher minute volumes (normalised to body weight) were delivered in participants with low etCO2. Postoperative pulmonary complications developed in 278/821 (34%) participants with low etCO2, compared with 462/1972 (23%) participants who had normal-high etCO2 (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.6; P<0.001). The time-weighted analysis showed an inverse linear relationship between the mean etCO2 and postoperative pulmonary complications, which was also confirmed by propensity matching. Conclusions: Low etCO2 occurs often during intraoperative ventilation and is associated with a higher rate of PPCs. The etCO2 level has an inverse dose-dependent relationship with postoperative pulmonary complications. Clinical trial registration: NCT05550181
Poor timing and failure of source control are risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis
No full textPurpose: To describe data on epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) with secondary peritonitis, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy and source control.
Methods: Post hoc analysis of a multicenter observational study (Abdominal Sepsis Study, AbSeS) including 2621 adult ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection in 306 ICUs from 42 countries. Time-till-source control intervention was calculated as from time of diagnosis and classified into 'emergency' (< 2 h), 'urgent' (2-6 h), and 'delayed' (> 6 h). Relationships were assessed by logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: The cohort included 1077 cases of microbiologically confirmed secondary peritonitis. Mortality was 29.7%. The rate of appropriate empiric therapy showed no difference between survivors and non-survivors (66.4% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.1). A stepwise increase in mortality was observed with increasing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (19.6% for a value ≤ 4-55.4% for a value > 12, p < 0.001). The highest odds of death were associated with septic shock (OR 3.08 [1.42-7.00]), late-onset hospital-acquired peritonitis (OR 1.71 [1.16-2.52]) and failed source control evidenced by persistent inflammation at day 7 (OR 5.71 [3.99-8.18]). Compared with 'emergency' source control intervention (< 2 h of diagnosis), 'urgent' source control was the only modifiable covariate associated with lower odds of mortality (OR 0.50 [0.34-0.73]).
Conclusion: 'Urgent' and successful source control was associated with improved odds of survival. Appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial treatment did not significantly affect survival suggesting that source control is more determinative for outcome
Antimicrobial lessons from a large observational cohort on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care units
No full textSevere intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by disease-specific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. In this study, we report on resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in distinct European geographic regions based on an observational cohort study on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Resistance against aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa is problematic, as is carbapenem-resistance in the latter pathogen. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, resistance is mainly an issue in Central Europe, Eastern and South-East Europe, and Southern Europe, while resistance in P. aeruginosa is additionally problematic in Western Europe. Vancomycin-resistance in E. faecalis is of lesser concern but requires vigilance in E. faecium in Central and Eastern and South-East Europe. In the subcohort of patients with secondary peritonitis presenting with either sepsis or septic shock, the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy was not associated with mortality. In contrast, failure of source control was strongly associated with mortality. The relevance of these new insights for future recommendations regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections is discussed
