1,721,031 research outputs found
Forensic Psychology PhD (PhD Training Hub Series)
No full textIn this video, Professor Josie Arnold interviews Professor Michael Daffern about the forensic psychology PhD. This is part of the PhD Training Hub series
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Emotion regulation and aggression
No full textBoth aggression and deliberate emotion regulation have been the focus of considerable scholarly attention. However, little research has examined the contribution of maladaptive emotion regulation to aggressive behaviour, beyond that of under-controlled anger. Given the high cost of aggressive behaviour to public health and justice systems across the world, identifying and addressing factors that contribute to aggression, including emotion regulation, is an important priority. Against this background, the three broad aims of this thesis were to a) establish whether maladaptive emotion regulation is associated with higher levels of aggression in offending adults; b) determine whether a key aspect of maladaptive emotion regulation – difficulty attending to upsetting emotions – is associated with higher levels of aggression in offending adults, even after controlling for trait anger and anger control; and c) determine whether three emotion skills – emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, and access to a variety of emotion regulation strategies – are associated with adaptive emotion regulation in offending adults. After reviewing and integrating relevant literature from the field of emotion regulation with a contemporary model of aggression, two empirical studies were conducted. A preliminary study was undertaken to ascertain whether a written measure of emotional awareness, proposed for inclusion in the main study and requiring a high level of literacy, was suitable to be administered orally. Oral administration of this measure was considered necessary given that offenders have generally been shown to have poor literacy. The results of this study, undertaken with undergraduate psychology students and community members, showed that the measure was suitable for oral administration. It was therefore included in the main study. Following this, the main study was undertaken using offenders recruited from Community Corrections Offices across Melbourne, Australia, to determine whether a maladaptive style of emotion regulation was associated with a history of aggressive behaviour. Participants completed self-report measures relating to history of aggression, difficulties in emotion regulation, emotional awareness, normative beliefs supportive of aggression, anger experience and control, and verbal intelligence. Participants also completed a performance-based measure of emotional awareness. Results of the main study revealed that offenders with a maladaptive emotion regulation style reported more extensive histories of aggression than those with an adaptive emotion regulation style. Results also indicated that offenders reporting difficulty attending to their emotions had more extensive histories of aggression than those who did not report such difficulties, even after controlling for trait anger and ability to control the outward expression of anger. Finally, self-reported emotional awareness and access to effective emotion regulation strategies were found to relate to adaptive emotion regulation. Several important clinical implications arise from the results of this research. The finding that maladaptive emotion regulation is associated with a more extensive history of aggression suggests that intervention directed at enhancing adaptive emotion regulation may prove a useful addition to existing aggression and violent offending treatment programs. Further, the association that self-reported emotional awareness and access to effective emotion regulation strategies were found to have with adaptive emotion regulation suggests that these areas will form useful treatment targets. Finally, the finding that difficulty attending to emotions is associated with a more extensive history of aggression also speaks to the importance of ensuring that current programs and treatments seek to assist participants to control problem behaviour associated with emotional arousal, rather than to control their emotions (particularly anger) per se
The role of aggression-related cognitions in aggressive behaviour
No full textViolent offenders represent a substantial proportion of prisoner populations and the rehabilitation of this group is a necessary priority of correctional services. Despite the recognition that programs delivered in this area have some demonstrated efficacy, the principles of effective treatments are often inadequately demarcated and the extent to which interventions can reduce aggressive and violent propensities is modest relative to interventions targeting other forms of offending (Howells, 2010). Researchers have consequently called for greater intersection between psychological aggression theory and interventions for violent offenders (e.g., McGuire, 2008). In this thesis, the most comprehensive and contemporary aggression theory, the General Aggression Model (GAM; Anderson & Bushman, 2002), is drawn upon to examine how the conceptualisation of aggression in offender populations might be enhanced, enabling more sophisticated attempts to reduce aggressive and violent tendencies. Although existing research supports the GAM’s main contention that aggressive individuals regularly retrieve and employ aggression-related cognitions, the application of this framework to violent offending has been hindered by insufficient empirical validation of the model’s central tenets in individuals with clinically significant levels of aggression. In particular, studies examining the importance of the GAM’s characterisation of aggression-related cognitions to clinical formulations of personality pathology are non-existent, despite the recognition that individuals with certain personality disorders (PD) are over-represented in forensic populations and consistently demonstrate higher rates of aggression. A series of theoretical and empirical investigations of the importance of aggression-related cognitions to aggression were consequently undertaken in relation to the aggressive behaviour of offenders. A more specific aim of the research was to examine how the application of the GAM might assist in elucidating the relationship between PD and aggressiveness. The research commences with a comprehensive review of the literature regarding current psychological aggression theory and violent offender treatment, examining the evidence available to support the role of the constructs specified by the GAM in aggressive individuals. The findings emerging from this analyses were that: a) the GAM bears relevance to clinically significant levels of aggression and may assist in improving the efficacy of violent offender treatment programs, although further research is required to more fully explore the importance of the GAM constructs to aggression, and b) for offenders with PD, utilisation of the GAM can provide researchers and clinicians with a framework to more fully characterise the relationships between various PDs and aggression, and clinically, would enable systematic assessment and treatment of constructs that are conducive to aggression. For the empirical component of the research, 87 offenders referred for presentence evaluation were assessed on their histories of aggression, Axis I and II diagnostic status, psychopathy, aggression-related and other maladaptive cognitions (normative beliefs supportive of aggression, aggressive behavioural scripts, Early Maladaptive Schema [EMS]) and trait anger. The convergent validity of three instruments designed to measure past aggression was initially investigated (Life History of Aggression, Aggression Scale [LHA-A]; Violence Rating Scale; Cormier-Lang System for Quantifying Criminal History), and the finding that the LHA-A most reliably quantifies the density of past aggression (i.e., frequency and severity of acts) was used to inform the methodology of subsequent studies. The first empirical study examined the importance of three knowledge structures; namely, normative beliefs supportive of aggression, aggressive scripts, and EMS, along with trait anger, to the aggression histories of the sample. Regression analyses were used to investigate the unique contribution of each of these constructs to aggression, with the results suggesting that positive attitudes to violence, frequent script rehearsal and high trait anger concurrently increased the likelihood of past aggression. In contrast, EMS did not predict aggression. On the whole, these findings were consistent with the GAM’s understanding of aggression, and suggested that more systematic targeting of aggression-related cognitions in violent offenders is necessary. The second empirical study examined whether normative beliefs supportive of aggression, aggressive scripts and trait anger assisted in explaining differences in aggressiveness among offenders with Axis II PD symptoms and traits of psychopathy. Regression analyses were undertaken to examine the relative contributions of aggression-related constructs (i.e., normative beliefs, scripts and trait anger) and PD to aggression. The results confirmed a relationship between several PDs and aggression, and more importantly, suggested that for the majority of PDs related to aggression (Antisocial, Borderline, Paranoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorders, and psychopathy), the consideration of normative beliefs, scripts, and anger facilitated an improved understanding of aggressiveness. Overall, the findings suggest that the GAM offers valuable insight into the psychological features that characterise individuals with PD who are prone to aggression. Taken together, these findings suggest that contemporary aggression theory appears to have much to offer in enhancing understandings of aggression in offender populations. Furthermore, they indicate that broader adoption of the GAM framework is likely to assist in both characterising and differentiating among violent offenders and would provide a comprehensive conceptual framework upon which to target and ameliorate aggressive behaviour
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