255,227 research outputs found
Influence of sidewalls on the centerline small-scale turbulence of a turbulent high-aspect-ratio rectangular jet
No full textAbstract not availableY. Liu, J. Zhang, R. Deo, J. Mi, G.J. Nathan, R. Zh
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Lateral MI Explains the Presence of Prominent R Wave (R ≥ S) in V1.
No full textAIMS: It is necessary to clarify if the presence of a prominent R wave in V1 , in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients, is due to the involvement of the posterior wall (currently inferobasal segment) or the lateral wall (as has been demonstrated recently by electrocardiographic contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance [ECG-CE-CMR] correlations studies). METHODS: In 155 patients with inferolateral zone MI, as detected by CE-CMR, the following ECG parameters were evaluated and correlated with MI location according to CE-CMR: R/S ratio in V1 ≥ 1 (classic criteria for posterior MI), R/S ratio in V1 ≥ 0.5, and R in V1 ≥ 3 mm. RESULTS: R/S ≥ 1 criterion: Present in 20 cases: 3 of lateral MI, 17 of inferolateral MI, 0 of inferior MI. Absent in 135 cases, 81 of lateral/inferolateral MI (28/53), 54 of inferior MI (SE 19.8%, SP 100%). R/S ≥ 0.5 criterion: Present in 47 cases: 6 of lateral MI, 39 of inferolateral MI, 2 of inferior MI. Absent in 108 cases, 56 of lateral/inferolateral MI (25/31), 52 of inferior MI (SE 44.6%, SP 96.4%). R ≥ 3 mm criterion: Present in 30 cases: 5 of IM lateral, 23 of inferolateral MI, 2 of inferior MI. Absent in 125 cases, 73 lateral/inferolateral MI (26/47), 52 inferior MI (SE 27.7%, SP 96.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of prominent the R wave in V1 is due to the lateral MI and not to the involvement of inferobasal segment of inferior wall (old posterior wall)
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Firm R&D, Absorptive Capacity and Learning by Exporting: Firm-level Evidence from China
No full textThe absorptive capacity of firms developed through R&D promotes learning by exporting. In this paper, we estimate the instantaneous and long-run productivity effects of exporting on the universe of Chinese manufacturing firms. We find that exporting has very different productivity effects for firms with different pre-export R&D status. It has large and lasting productivity effects for firms with pre-export R&D, while it has little effects for firms without pre-export R&D. Furthermore, the effect of exporting increases with the number of years of pre-export R&D investment.Business, FinanceEconomicsInternational RelationsSSCI0ARTICLE91131-11453
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MI(R,)G(R) and British Covert Operations, 1939-42
No full textThe Military Intelligence (Research) Department of the British War Office was tasked in 1940 with encouraging and supporting armed resistance in occupied Europe and the Axis-controlled Middle East. The major contention of this paper is that, in doing so, MI(R) performed a key role in British strategy in 1940-42 and in the development of what are now known as covert operations. MI(R) developed an organic, but coherent doctrine for such activity which was influential upon the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and its own sub-branch, G(R), which applied this doctrine in practice in East Africa and the Middle East in 1940-41. It was also here that a number of key figures in the development of covert operations and special forces first cut their teeth, the most notable being Major Generals Colin Gubbins and Orde Wingate
Treatment effects of R-Appliance and Fränkel-2 in Class II division 1 malocclusions
No full textAim The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a differently designed functional appliance (the R-appliance) with Fränkel-2. Study Design Twenty-seven patients (16 girls and 11 boys) with a mean age of 9.8 (SD 1.6) years were treated with the R-appliance for 15.4 (SD 0.4) months and twentyseven (15 girls and 12 boys) patients with a mean age of 9.1 (SD 1.1) years were treated with a Fränkel-2 appliance for 19 (SD 5.6) months. All patients had Class II division 1 malocclusions due to mandibular deficiency and all of them had prepubertal stages of skeletal development. Lateral cephalograms obtained at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the study were analysed. Results Paired t-tests showed that SNB significantly increased in both groups. The incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) was reduced in the R-appliance group by 2.2 (SD 4.9) degrees (P < 0.03) but increased by 2.2 (SD 2.6) degrees (P < 0.001) in the Fränkel-2 group. The SNA in the R-appliance group showed an increase of 0.2 (SD 2) degrees (P < 0.6), while it was decreased by 0.4 (SD 0.5) degrees (P < 0.6) in the Fränkel-2 group. Conclusions Both treatment modalities were successful in moving the mandible forward. However, with the R-appliance, this was achieved without proclination of the lower incisors
R-Code
No full textThis is an R-code required to compute an ensembles mean for precipitation, T-max, and T-mi
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