1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Implications of socio-economic factors on adoption of paddy production innovations in Mvomero district, Tanzania
No full textAdoption of innovations in paddy farming has a potential to impact productivity.
The Government of Tanzania in partnership with non-Governmental organizations
(NGOs) like Kilimo Trust (KT) have been promoting rice sector through implementation
of agricultural programmes and strategies whereby among other initiatives farmers are
encouraged to adopt innovations. However, the adoption of innovations by farmers is not
sufficiently explored. The overall objective of the study was to assess the implications of
socio-economic factors on adoption of paddy production innovations in the Mvomero
District, Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Specifically the study sought to: i) establish the
level of farmer participation in the innovations process in the study area, ii) determine the
extent of adoption of the paddy innovations, iii) assess profitability for adoption of
selected innovations, iv) analyze the factors affecting adoption of introduced innovations
to paddy farmers, and v) assess the association between adoption of selected innovations
and change in gender roles among paddy farmers in the study area. The study was
conducted in Mvomero District. A cross-sectional research design was adopted in the
study. Quantitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire involving
299 paddy farmers. Qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews
(KIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data analysis employed
development of participation index, ordinal probit regression, binary logistic regression,
two-limit Tobit model, net farm income (NFI) and return on investment (ROI) as
measures of profitability. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to
compute descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data
were analyzed using content analysis. Results show that the overall participation level of
paddy farmers in the innovation process is medium using a five-form typology of
participation. Only 3.7% of the respondents adopted all 12 SRI practices (full adopters).
Binary logistic regression and Two-limit Tobit regression analysis indicated that farmers’
knowledge of innovations, land ownership, access to credit facilities, labour and market
availability, were the most important predictors of the adoption of system of rice
intensification (SRI), power tillers (PTs), wooden threshers (WTs) and combine rice mills
(CRMs) (p < 0.05). The profitability analysis shows that adopters of SRI, PTs and WTs
secured more profit compared to non-adopters (p < 0.01). There was an association
between the adoption of SRI, PTs and WTs and gender roles which are production, labour
offering and financial management (p < 0.05). The study concludes that medium level of
farmers’ participation in the innovation process impairs active involvement of farmers
into development of innovations, diffusion process as well as full adoption of paddy
innovations. The selected innovations which were introduced in the study area are not
fully adopted; this situation impacts paddy productivity and farmers’ wellbeing. Adoption
of introduced innovations is profitable compared to non-adoption in the study area.
Adoption of introduced innovations have impact in changing gender roles particularly
paddy production role, financial management role as well as offering labour to on- and
off-farm activities role. Researchers and extension agents are advised to ensure that there
is active participation of paddy farmers along the innovation process. The active
participation of paddy farmers along the innovation process will be achieved through
conducting farmer trainings. The provision of training to farmers will help to create and
raise awareness on introduced innovations. The Ministry of Agriculture under farmers’
training Division should design, implement, monitor and evaluate farmer training
programmes on paddy innovations whenever introduced in Tanzania as it is responsible in
the provision of various types of training to farmers. Rural development strategies that
targeted to promote adoption of innovations in rural areas should be designed simple
enough by development practitioners to be taken up by farmers and directed to promote
profit to rural farmers. Extension agents should educate rural paddy farmers on
innovations especially non-adopters so as to adopt innovations once introduced in rural
paddy farming. Extension agents and paddy related stakeholders need to address gender
roles to paddy farmers in course of adoption of innovations since adoption empowers
women in regards to paddy production.Tengeru Institute of Community Development (TICD
Implications of socio-economic factors on adoption of paddy production innovations in Mvomero district, Tanzania
No full textAdoption of innovations in paddy farming has a potential to impact productivity.
The Government of Tanzania in partnership with non-Governmental organizations
(NGOs) like Kilimo Trust (KT) have been promoting rice sector through implementation
of agricultural programmes and strategies whereby among other initiatives farmers are
encouraged to adopt innovations. However, the adoption of innovations by farmers is not
sufficiently explored. The overall objective of the study was to assess the implications of
socio-economic factors on adoption of paddy production innovations in the Mvomero
District, Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Specifically the study sought to: i) establish the
level of farmer participation in the innovations process in the study area, ii) determine the
extent of adoption of the paddy innovations, iii) assess profitability for adoption of
selected innovations, iv) analyze the factors affecting adoption of introduced innovations
to paddy farmers, and v) assess the association between adoption of selected innovations
and change in gender roles among paddy farmers in the study area. The study was
conducted in Mvomero District. A cross-sectional research design was adopted in the
study. Quantitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire involving
299 paddy farmers. Qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews
(KIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data analysis employed
development of participation index, ordinal probit regression, binary logistic regression,
two-limit Tobit model, net farm income (NFI) and return on investment (ROI) as
measures of profitability. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to
compute descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data
were analyzed using content analysis. Results show that the overall participation level of
paddy farmers in the innovation process is medium using a five-form typology of
participation. Only 3.7% of the respondents adopted all 12 SRI practices (full adopters).
Binary logistic regression and Two-limit Tobit regression analysis indicated that farmers’
knowledge of innovations, land ownership, access to credit facilities, labour and market
availability, were the most important predictors of the adoption of system of rice
intensification (SRI), power tillers (PTs), wooden threshers (WTs) and combine rice mills
(CRMs) (p < 0.05). The profitability analysis shows that adopters of SRI, PTs and WTs
secured more profit compared to non-adopters (p < 0.01). There was an association
between the adoption of SRI, PTs and WTs and gender roles which are production, labour
offering and financial management (p < 0.05). The study concludes that medium level of
farmers’ participation in the innovation process impairs active involvement of farmers
into development of innovations, diffusion process as well as full adoption of paddy
innovations. The selected innovations which were introduced in the study area are not
fully adopted; this situation impacts paddy productivity and farmers’ wellbeing. Adoption
of introduced innovations is profitable compared to non-adoption in the study area.
Adoption of introduced innovations have impact in changing gender roles particularly
paddy production role, financial management role as well as offering labour to on- and
off-farm activities role. Researchers and extension agents are advised to ensure that there
is active participation of paddy farmers along the innovation process. The active
participation of paddy farmers along the innovation process will be achieved through
conducting farmer trainings. The provision of training to farmers will help to create and
raise awareness on introduced innovations. The Ministry of Agriculture under farmers’
training Division should design, implement, monitor and evaluate farmer training
programmes on paddy innovations whenever introduced in Tanzania as it is responsible in
the provision of various types of training to farmers. Rural development strategies that
targeted to promote adoption of innovations in rural areas should be designed simple
enough by development practitioners to be taken up by farmers and directed to promote
profit to rural farmers. Extension agents should educate rural paddy farmers on
innovations especially non-adopters so as to adopt innovations once introduced in rural
paddy farming. Extension agents and paddy related stakeholders need to address gender
roles to paddy farmers in course of adoption of innovations since adoption empowers
women in regards to paddy production.Tengeru Institute of Community Development (TICD
Implications of socio-economic factors on adoption of paddy production innovations in Mvomero district, Tanzania
No full textAdoption of innovations in paddy farming has a potential to impact productivity.
The Government of Tanzania in partnership with non-Governmental organizations
(NGOs) like Kilimo Trust (KT) have been promoting rice sector through implementation
of agricultural programmes and strategies whereby among other initiatives farmers are
encouraged to adopt innovations. However, the adoption of innovations by farmers is not
sufficiently explored. The overall objective of the study was to assess the implications of
socio-economic factors on adoption of paddy production innovations in the Mvomero
District, Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Specifically the study sought to: i) establish the
level of farmer participation in the innovations process in the study area, ii) determine the
extent of adoption of the paddy innovations, iii) assess profitability for adoption of
selected innovations, iv) analyze the factors affecting adoption of introduced innovations
to paddy farmers, and v) assess the association between adoption of selected innovations
and change in gender roles among paddy farmers in the study area. The study was
conducted in Mvomero District. A cross-sectional research design was adopted in the
study. Quantitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire involving
299 paddy farmers. Qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews
(KIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Quantitative data analysis employed
development of participation index, ordinal probit regression, binary logistic regression,
two-limit Tobit model, net farm income (NFI) and return on investment (ROI) as
measures of profitability. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to
compute descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data
were analyzed using content analysis. Results show that the overall participation level of
paddy farmers in the innovation process is medium using a five-form typology of
participation. Only 3.7% of the respondents adopted all 12 SRI practices (full adopters).
Binary logistic regression and Two-limit Tobit regression analysis indicated that farmers’
knowledge of innovations, land ownership, access to credit facilities, labour and market
availability, were the most important predictors of the adoption of system of rice
intensification (SRI), power tillers (PTs), wooden threshers (WTs) and combine rice mills
(CRMs) (p < 0.05). The profitability analysis shows that adopters of SRI, PTs and WTs
secured more profit compared to non-adopters (p < 0.01). There was an association
between the adoption of SRI, PTs and WTs and gender roles which are production, labour
offering and financial management (p < 0.05). The study concludes that medium level of
farmers’ participation in the innovation process impairs active involvement of farmers
into development of innovations, diffusion process as well as full adoption of paddy
innovations. The selected innovations which were introduced in the study area are not
fully adopted; this situation impacts paddy productivity and farmers’ wellbeing. Adoption
of introduced innovations is profitable compared to non-adoption in the study area.
Adoption of introduced innovations have impact in changing gender roles particularly
paddy production role, financial management role as well as offering labour to on- and
off-farm activities role. Researchers and extension agents are advised to ensure that there
is active participation of paddy farmers along the innovation process. The active
participation of paddy farmers along the innovation process will be achieved through
conducting farmer trainings. The provision of training to farmers will help to create and
raise awareness on introduced innovations. The Ministry of Agriculture under farmers’
training Division should design, implement, monitor and evaluate farmer training
programmes on paddy innovations whenever introduced in Tanzania as it is responsible in
the provision of various types of training to farmers. Rural development strategies that
targeted to promote adoption of innovations in rural areas should be designed simple
enough by development practitioners to be taken up by farmers and directed to promote
profit to rural farmers. Extension agents should educate rural paddy farmers on
innovations especially non-adopters so as to adopt innovations once introduced in rural
paddy farming. Extension agents and paddy related stakeholders need to address gender
roles to paddy farmers in course of adoption of innovations since adoption empowers
women in regards to paddy production.Tengeru Institute of Community Development (TICD
Access constraints by women farmers to Multiflower extension services : the case of Mvomero district, Tanzania
No full textWomen play critical roles in agriculture in many parts of the world. Yet, despite their contribution to global food security, women farmers are frequently underestimated and overlooked in development strategies. For this reason, women find it more difficult than men to gain access to valuable resources such as land, credit and agricultural inputs, technology, extension, training and services that would enhance their production activity. Agricultural extension services provide information training and technology to agricultural producers. Extension services have always been regarded as necessary for agricultural modernization. Given the importance of women's labor to agriculture in rural areas, providing women with access to agricultural extension services is essential for current and future productivity. The expansion of agricultural services beyond the public sector is a growing phenomenon in developing economies. Multiflower Company is a private commercial organization which was established in Arusha city (Tanzania) in 1995. Its businesses are production of flowers, flower seeds for export market and imports vegetable seeds from Europe for local markets. In addition, the Company conducts Multiplication of basic seeds and then sells to stockiest around the country in whole sale basis. The Company came into existence as a result of economic reform measures carried out by the Government of Tanzania pushed by World Bank and IMF. The Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which started in the mid-1980’s with its impetus for liberalization and privatization came into effect and launched in Tanzania in 1993. SAP encouraged private sectors in order to improve efficiency and promote new technology. Multiflower conducts vegetable seeds business by delivering extension services to farmers and stockiest through Agricultural training programs and promotion activities. Despite of the efforts that Multiflower takes to provide its extension services to both men and women farmers in Mvomero district, but women farmers have not been the users of these services. This study sought to identify the factors that led to limited access of women farmers to extension services provided by this company. Empirical data were collected from extension workers and women farmers through case study strategy. Checklist questions were the tool used in gathering information from four (4) extension workers of Multiflower Company and twenty (20) women farmers. However, desk study and observations were used for triangulation of information. Findings revealed that women farmers in the study area faced many problems to access extension services of Multiflower Company. These includes inadequacy service delivery by Multiflower company, low levels of education, difficulties in accessing information from extension materials, unequal gender division of labour in vegetable production, limited decision making in households, burden of household chores, lack of ownership of income and tools & implements, lack of access to MFIs and high prices of agricultural inputs. There is a need for Multiflower to specifically identify women as an integral part of its extension services and develop gender-specific operational guidelines which will direct the extension activities of women farmers. Multiflower extension workers should encourage the formation of groups among women farmers & should target the existing women farmer groups to enhance horizontal knowledge sharing
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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