4 research outputs found
Efficacy of Fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceri: An In vitro Study
No full textChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important crop in the world after dry bean. It belongs to the family Fabaceae. A large number of diseases have been reported on chickpea among them wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is the most important economic disease. The evaluation of systemic, non-systemic and combined fungicides against wilt pathogen of chickpea in vitro by poison food technique was carried out to know the effective fungicide against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. The systemic fungicides viz., azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and thiophanate- methyl was tested at 250, 500 and 750 ppm, among them cent per cent growth inhibition was observed with the tebuconazole 25.9 EC followed by thiophanate- methyl 70 WP (79.04%) whereas azoxystrobin 23 SC (55.41%) observed lowest per cent growth inhibition. The non-systemic fungicides viz., chlorothalonil, propineb, and copper oxychloride was tested at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm, among them highest mean per cent growth inhibition was observed with the copper oxychloride 50 WP (74.50%) followed by chlorothalonil 75 WP (58.10%) whereas propineb 70 WP (47.72%) observed lowest per cent growth inhibition. The combined fungicides viz., tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 63% WP, carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% WS and metiram 55% + pyraclostrobin 5% WG was tested at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm, among them cent per cent growth inhibition was observed with the tebuconazole 50 %+ trifloxystrobin 63% WP followed by carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% WS (78.21%) whereas metiram 55% + pyraclostrobin 5% WG (62.00%) observed lowest
Nanoindentation investigation in polymers with cylindrical curvature and planar surface area for enhanced mechanical characterization
No full textInvestigation of the transverse properties in anisotropic Kevlar® fibers are conducted via instrumented indentation methods. The K29, KM2, and K119 fibers are comprised of a skin and core with distinct indentation moduli. Indentations performed at different loads contributed ample data to obtain depth dependent indentation moduli. Indentation moduli are characterized at a depth 10% of fiber diameter to avoid effects from the substrate and additionally at the skin level, 2-13%, 7-13%, and 25-40% of fiber diameter. To account for the curvature of the single fiber, a previously developed modified curved area function was incorporated in comparison to the common flat area function extracted from the Oliver-Pharr method. The indentation moduli derived from the flat area function were undervalued than ones determined from the modified curved area function. The transverse indentation moduli of single Kevlar fibers varied at depths across their diameters. As expected from material composition, the KM2 fiber possessed the largest indentation moduli of 5.28 GPa, whereas the K119 fiber exhibited the lowest at 2.21 GPa.
Two polymers of unique compositions, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and shape memory polymer (SMP), are also examined for their frequency and depth dependent mechanical properties via single and multiple cycle loading. PDMS is a hydrophobic elastomer and exhibits greater elasticity than the hydrophilic SMP, but similarities in material response were distinguished. During single cycle nanoindentation, both planar polymers exhibited smoother loading curves at the lowest frequency as opposed to the higher frequencies. At 3mN load-controlled tests, PDMS and SMP had an average indentation modulus value of 3.94 ± 0.06 MPa and 2.07 ± 0.08 GPa, respectively. Their indentation moduli differed by a factor of 525, supporting the conclusion that PDMS is physically softer than the SMP. As loads and maximum depths increased, the mechanical properties decreased for both materials.
To study periodic response behavior in both polymers, the frequencies for multiple cycle tests were varied at 1, 0.5, and 0.033 Hz for different cycles. During these small-scale fatigue tests on PDMS, 5 and 50 cycle experiments demonstrated a linear trend with a negative slope for indentation moduli, whereas 100 cycle experimental data conformed to power law curves. Contrarily, all cycles and frequencies tested on SMP followed power law curve fitting. As the frequencies decreased, the change in maximum depths increased along with a further depreciation of indentation modulus for both materials. The multiple cycle indentation tests confirmed the consistent trends identified in the single cycle indentations. Overall, the two polymers experienced comparable trends in mechanical properties despite their extensive disparity in chemical composition, indentation modulus, and hardness.M.S.Includes bibliographical reference
STUDY OF NAMED ENTITY RECOGNITION FOR INDIAN LANGUAGES
No full textNamed Entity Recognition is a prior task in Natural Language Processing. Named Entity Recognition is a sub task of information extraction and it identifies and classifies proper nouns in to its predefined categories such as person, location, organization, time, date etc. In this document the major focus is given on NER approaches and the work done till now for various languages to identify Named Entities is been discussed. Author have done comparative study to recognize named entity and identified that CRF approach proven best for Indian languages to identify named entity
Hetrocyclic methacrylate systems as vehicles for the release of active species.
No full textPhDThe room temperature polymerising heterocyclic polymer system, poly(ethyl
methacrylate)/tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (PEM/THFM) has been shown
previously to be biocompatible and supported tissue repair, specifically for bone
and cartilage, and biologically inert when in contact with the dental pulp. It
proved more effective, than other glassy methacrylates in the release of active
species.
The PEM/THFM system is a rigid material. The aim of this study was to develop
and characterise the use of this system as a flexible patch, for application and
retention to the buccal mucosa, thus facilitating sustained regulated release.
Model species, dextrans, were used to represent macromolecular drugs whereby
the effect of molecular weight could be studied. N-methyl pyrrolidone was added
to the polymer system as a biocompatible plasticiser to enhance molecular
mobility, and hence the transport of species. The effect of the addition of chitosan
was also studied, due to its bioadhesiveness and permeation enhancing ability.
A range of systems was investigated both in terms of water and species release.
The release of the agent was measured by a fluorometer, the leachable
components by HPLC and Confocal microscopy demonstrated the transport of
water and active species through the system. Immunological and viability studies
established whether the leachants or released components of the polymeric
systems had an inflammatory or irritant action on `in vitro' stratified epithelium.
The addition of N-methyl pyrrolidone, dextran and chitosan substantially
increased water uptake, thus affecting the release kinetics. Analysis of the
kinetics of water uptake showed Case I, combination of Case I and Case II, and
Case II kinetics, depending on the systems studied. Dextran release was largely
diffusion controlled, from which diffusion coefficients were calculated; the
amount released varied between the systems studied
