1,721,283 research outputs found
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Ethnic differences in HIV risk among female commercial sex workers in Guyana: A case-control study
No full textObjective. To identify biological and behavioral factors that predict HIV infection and determine the proportion of HIV infection that were attributable to different exposures among female Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) of varying ethnic background.Method. A nested case-control study was conducted among 114 (53 cases and 61 controls) female CSWs in Georgetown, Guyana. A subset of data, devoid of personal identifiers, was extracted from a cross-sectional survey which collected baseline data for the evaluation of an intervention in this population. Association between exposure variables and the outcome were tested using multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age group and place of work. Predictors of HIV infection were identified using stepwise forward logistic regression analysis. Separate sub-group analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for HIV infection in the different ethnic groups. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results. CSWs of African/mixed descent were four times more likely to be HIV infected compared to those of Indian descent (Adj. OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.45--11.85). HIV risk was higher among CSWs with ≤3 children (Adj. OR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.34--10.55); ≥5 clients per night (Adj. OR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.34--9.12); current syphilis (Adj. OR = 6.96; 95% CI: 2.6--18.63); and a history of syphilis (Adj. OR = 3.97; 95% CI: 1.56--10.14). No significant interaction was found between current syphilis and past syphilis. Independent predictors of HIV infection were African/Mixed ethnicity (Adj. OR = 6.05; 95% CI: 1.49--24.58); current syphilis (Adj. OR = 8.80; 95% CI: 2.39--32.49) and PID (Adj. OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.04--9.57). Number of clients per night (≥5); age at first sex (≤16 years); and syphilis (current and past) were associated with HIV infection among CSWs of African/Mixed descent. For those of Indian ethnicity current syphilis and crack-cocaine use were associated with HIV infection.Conclusion. In this study, ethnicity emerged as an independent predictor of HIV infection among female CSWs with those of African/mixed descent having a higher risk of infection. STDs also seem to be playing a major role in HIV spread in this population.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Factors associated with health care utilization among vulnerable populations: Using Gelberg's and Andersen's behavioral model for vulnerable populations
No full textIn 2001 Andersen and Gelberg introduced the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations which enables the identification of factors that might be particularly relevant to health care utilization among vulnerable populations. This dissertation uses this model along with the Health Services Research Data to conduct secondary data analysis to evaluate the factors that are most likely to influence health utilization outcomes among a sample of 1466 with vulnerable health status. Study participants are eighteen years of age or older and having one or more of theses vulnerable health characteristics: experienced mental illness, self-reported having HIV/AIDS, was homeless, was a substance abuser, has been a victim of violent crime, or has a low SES within the past twelve months. Health care utilization is characterized as discretionary health care (screening, out patient visits, use of preventive services) and non-discretionary health care (emergency care, hospitalization). The traditional/vulnerable predisposing, enabling and need domains included in this model are used to indicate factors significantly associated with different types of health care utilization.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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