1,720,953 research outputs found
Editorial: Reaching New Heights: Recent Progress in Paleotopography
No full textAlthough mountain belts and orogenic plateaus occupy only a limited portion of the Earth's surface (about 4% above 2 km in elevation), they are among the most prominent landscape features with global implications for tectonic deformation, climate, hydrology, and biodiversity. Topographic growth locally modifies the crustal stress field and the locus of active deformation; it re-arranges fluvial networks and atmospheric circulation patterns; it generates highly asymmetric precipitation and marked temperature gradients, and favors the development of diverse ecosystems over geographically limited areas; it thus dramatically impacts biodiversity and the evolution of flora and fauna over geological scales.
In recent years, a growing number of studies have tried to investigate the chronology and amplitude of topographic growth in deep time (millions of years), using various field-, laboratory-, and computer-based approaches from a wide range of scientific disciplines. The accuracy and uncertainty associated with these approaches are still being discussed, and studies providing quantitative paleoaltimetry estimates remain rare despite their relevance. Moreover, most quantitative studies so far have concentrated on the youngest and most extensive mountain ranges such as the Himalayas or the American Cordilleras, while the topographic evolution of smaller or much older orogens remain virtually undocumented.
This Research Topic contains 11 articles covering a wide range of paleotopography research, from short reviews and perspectives of either established or innovative paleo-topographic approaches, new datasets and syntheses of topographic uplift in well-known and understudied areas, and outlooks on the future development and improvement of paleoaltimetry.
Botsyun and Ehlers present recent advances and caveats in high-resolution isotope-based general circulation models (iGCMs) to calibrate stable isotope paleoaltimetry approaches, a growing and dynamic direction for paleotopographic reconstructions. Hren and Ouimet propose a new method to quantify paleotopography based on the isotopic signature of organic molecular biomarkers integrated over river catchments. Following the recent development of triple oxygen analysis, Chamberlain et al. review the application of this method to crystalline rocks and their high potential for paleoaltimetry on the crystalline cores of mountain belts. Ibarra et al. propose to use triple oxygen on lacustrine sediment as a paleoaltimetry tool, which they combine with carbonate clumped isotope data to reconstruct the paleoelevation of Eocene Nevadaplano rocks (North American Cordillera).
Gébelin et al. report present-day stream water isotopic lapse rates from the west facing slopes of the equatorial Andes in Ecuador, underscoring that tropical regions can be targeted for future paleoaltimetry studies. Ingalls and Snell provide an exhaustive review of state-of-the-art and emerging tools to investigate the diagenetic alteration of carbonates, a crucial step in stable isotope paleoaltimetry, with an illustration of their impact on Tibetan paleoelevation estimates. McLean and Bershaw investigate the isotopic composition of carbonates while Kukla et al. focus on authigenic clays in paleosols from the John Day Formation (Eocene to Miocene), United States, in the rainshadow of the modern Oregon Cascades, with contrasting interpretations regarding the evolution of regional topography.
Beyond stable isotope paleoaltimetry, Montes et al. combine field mapping and detrital zircon geochronology to show that the northern and central Andes were separated between ca. 13–4 Ma by lowlands that connected this region with western Amazonia at ca. 3°N, providing a pathway for biotic exchange. Fox et al. examine the role of fluvial reorganization in the formation of elevated landscapes that resemble uplifted formerly contiguous low-relief landscapes. Taking the southeastern Tibetan highlands as an example, they propose that an interpolated paleosurface across low-relief remnants cannot be used to robustly measure geodynamic processes in space and time. Finally, Heitmann et al. review the recent paleoaltimetry work from the Colorado Plateau and propose several test studies to fill the gap in its uplift history.
In summary, this research topic presents new ideas, tools, and results on a wide range of aspects of the paleotopography of mountain and plateau regions around the world. It emphasizes that the future of paleoaltimetry has to be interdisciplinary and combine multiple proxies, considering the numerous uncertainties of individual tools. To increase their robustness and accuracy, the next generation of paleotopography studies will have to incorporate results from a variety of approaches, which is well-illustrated by the array of methods and applications in the eleven articles of this research topic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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