187 research outputs found
Relationship of static balance with fundamental motor skills in children with visual impairments: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Balance is a complex process which involves reception and integration of sensory inputs followed by planning and execution of movement to achieve upright posture. Vision is one of the most important senses that contribute for maintenance of balance and to explore wide range physical activities, termed as fundamental motor skills. Due to compromised vision, children with visual impairments may have fear of fall which in turn leads to reduced physical activity.
Objective: To find the relationship between static and dynamic balance with fundamental motor skills in children with visual impairments.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study done in visually impaired children including completely blind and partially blind children (n = 175) between the age group of 6–16 years from two special schools. Static balance of children was measured on balance error scoring system (BESS) and stork balance stand test (SBST) followed by assessment of fundamental motor skills, i.e. kicking and jumping on adapted physical education assessment scale (APEAS).
Results: Statistically significant, weak negative correlation was found between BESS scores on firm and foam surface with kicking (r = −0.3962) and jumping (r = −0.4131) activity on APEAS (P = 0.0001). Nonlinear correlation was found between SBST and Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) (r = 0.4482) withP= 0.007.
Conclusion: There is no correlation of static balance with fundamental motor skills in children with visual impairments
Assessment of static and dynamic balance in overweight and obese children with and without flatfoot: A cross-sectional study
No full textEffect of lung squeeze technique and reflex rolling on oxygenation in preterm neonates with respiratory problems: A randomized controlled trial
No full textAssessment of static and dynamic balance in overweight and obese children with and without flatfoot: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Childhood obesity and overweight have been referred by health organization as serious epidemic and global problems that are on the rise. The consequence of being overweight in children is the greater impairment of mobility which may result in several orthopedic conditions. The foot dimensions of overweight children and obese children will be larger than those of normal weight children. Balance is defined as an ability to maintain the center of mass over base of support. Balance as a sensorimotor ability helps in maintaining static and dynamic equilibrium. The presence of abnormalities in the foot structures may affect the displacement of the body, function in static, and dynamic position.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study done in overweight and obese children with and without flatfoot. A total of 1165 children were screened out of which 87 were found to have obesity between the age group of 6–12 years from 11 schools. Static balance of children was measured using balance error scoring system (BESS) and stork balance stand test (SBST), and dynamic balance was measured using four square step test (FSST) and modified bass test of dynamic balance (MBTDB).
Results: The static balance was significantly affected in obese children with and without flatfoot and also in overweight children with flatfoot whereas dynamic balance was affected in obese children with flatfoot. BESS (P = 0.001), MBTDB (P = 0.006), and FSST (P = 0.001) were statistically significant. There was no significant difference found on SBST (P = 0.0657) when compared within and between the groups.
Conclusion: Obese children with flatfoot had poor static and dynamic balance compared to overweight children with flatfoot when it was tested on BESS and MBTDB and FSST
Computational chemistry and molecular modeling : principles and applications / K.I. Ramachandran, G. Deepa, K. Namboori.
No full text"An exclusive URL (http://www.amrita.edu/cen/ccmm/) for this book with the required support materials has been provided for readers ..."--Preface.pharmacy bookfair2015Includes bibliographical references and index.xxi, 397 pages
Comparison of Non Verbal Learning Difficulties in Preschoolers Born Preterm with the Term Born Peers
No full textMicro-raman spectroscopy of caries lesion formation in dental enamel
No full textCaries lesions form by a complex process of chemical interactions between dental enamel and its environment. They can cause cavities and pain, and are expensive to fix. Lesions form by slow demineralization over many months, even years. It is hard to characterize in vivo as a result of environmental factors and remineralization by ions in the oral cavity. In this thesis the process of demineralization was carried out in vitro and micro-Raman spectroscopy used to investigate and characterize the lesion's chemistry. Demineralization occurs by diffusion across the depth of the lesion of mineral ions via interstitial spaces in the dental enamel. Hydroxyl ions are initially lost by acidic attack, which increases the interstitial space. The demineralization is retarded by diffusion processes in the opposite direction, and a balance in the charges of the ions must be maintained. Having multiple ions diffusing simultaneously is termed “coupled diffusion”. A subsurface highly demineralized region is formed, but this can be remineralized.
Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying material composition by exciting chemical bonds in the sample. Using micro-Raman to characterize the chemical composition of lesions may help in developing preventative measures to stop their formation. Raman (λ=785 nm) was used to characterize lesions grown over 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14 days. The amide I peak at ~1605 cm-1, which has not been observed previously, was seen in the maturing lesions. The extreme demineralization in these lesions enables the organic peaks to be seen rather than the normally stronger mineral peaks. Analysis of crystallinity shows that there is always a reduction in mineral content with distance below the enamel surface, but this becomes magnified as the lesion matures. Type B carbonate substitution for phosphate ions can also be examined with Raman. Correcting for crystallinity shows that both carbonate and phosphate ions are lost at the same rate during demineralization.
In summary, micro-Raman is an effective and relatively easy tool to use in lesion characterization. It also has the advantage that it can be used to identify changes in both the mineral and protein phases of enamel.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-55)
Construction and validation of the Oxford Neurodevelopment Assessment (OX-NDA) in 1-year-old Brazilian children
No full textBackground: over 250 million children under 5 years, globally, are at risk of developmental delay. Interventions during the first 2 years of life have enduring positive effects if children at risk are identified, using standardized assessments, within this window. However, identifying developmental delay during infancy is challenging and there are limited infant development assessments suitable for use in low- and middle-income (LMIC) settings. Here, we describe a new tool, the Oxford Neurodevelopment Assessment (OX-NDA), measuring cognition, language, motor, and behaviour, outcomes in 1-year-old children. We present the results of its evaluation against the Bayley Scales of Infant Development IIIrd edition (BSID-III) and its psychometric properties.Methods: sixteen international tools measuring infant development were analysed to inform the OX-NDA's construction. Its agreement with the BSID-III, for cognitive, motor and language domains, was evaluated using intra-class correlations (ICCs, for absolute agreement), Bland-Altman analyses (for bias and limits of agreement), and sensitivity and specificity analyses (for accuracy) in 104 Brazilian children, aged 12 months (SD 8.4 days), recruited from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Behaviour was not evaluated, as the BSID-III's adaptive behaviour scale was not included in the cohort's protocol. Cohen's kappas and Cronbach's alphas were calculated to determine the OX-NDA's reliability and internal consistency respectively.Results: agreement was moderate for cognition and motor outcomes (ICCs 0.63 and 0.68, p < 0.001) and low for language outcomes (ICC 0.30, p < 0.04). Bland-Altman analysis showed little to no bias between measures across domains. The OX-NDA's sensitivity and specificity for predicting moderate-to-severe delay on the BSID-III was 76, 73 and 43% and 75, 80 and 33% for cognition, motor and language outcomes, respectively. Inter-rater (k = 0.80-0.96) and test-rest (k = 0.85-0.94) reliability was high for all domains. Administration time was < 20 minutes.Conclusions: the OX-NDA shows moderate agreement with the BSID-III for identifying infants at risk of cognitive and motor delay; agreement was low for language delay. It is a rapid, low-cost assessment constructed specifically for use in LMIC populations. Further work is needed to evaluate its use (i) across domains in populations beyond Brazil and (ii) to identify language delays in Brazilian children.</p
Association of orofacial dysfunction and sleep disordered breathing among Indian primary school children
No full textINTRODUCTION: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) ranges from partial obstruction of the upper airway resulting in snoring to total upper airway obstruction leading to obstructive sleep apnea. The impairment in the dynamics of the stomatognathic system is termed as orofacial dysfunction. This study investigates the prevalence of orofacial dysfunction and sleep-disordered breathing in primary school children and identifies their correlation. METHODS: A total of 560 forms were distributed to 8 primary schools in Belagavi city. Among them, 482 parents responded (86% response rate), which included 239 boys (49.58%) and 243 girls (50.41%). All the participants were screened for orofacial dysfunction using Nordic Orofacial Dysfunction Test-screening (NOT-S) and sleep-disordered breathing using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). RESULT: A positive direct correlation of sleep-disordered breathing with orofacial dysfunction (r = 0.47; p ≤ 0.001) was noted. A total of 41(8.58%) children were found to be at risk of sleep-disordered breathing with a score less than or equal to eight, based on (PSQ) Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, and 156 (32.6%) children showed symptoms of orofacial dysfunction based on Nordic Orofacial Test–Screening (NOT-S). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that around 32.6% of children had orofacial dysfunction symptoms, and 8.58% of children were at risk for sleep-disordered breathing, girls having a greater risk as compared to boys. There was a positive correlation between orofacial dysfunction and sleep-disordered breathing among children aged 6–12 years
Effect of follow-up home-based oromotor stimulation on breastfeeding performance in preterm low-birth-weight infants: A randomized control trial
No full textBACKGROUND: In preterm neonates, feeding problems are recognized as a challenging issue. Immaturity of the oromotor system, inability to generate a suck-swallow-breath pattern, and poor motor development are few factors contributing to feeding difficulties. Oromotor stimulation is one of the various techniques used to enhance breastfeeding in infants which is frequently given in hospitals. However, the effect of oromotor stimulation is given as a home-based program has not been studied.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of home-based oromotor stimulation on weight, sucking frequency, duration of transition from spoon-feeding to breastfeeding, and Latch breastfeeding assessment in preterm low-birth-weight infants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized control trial was done on 40 preterm low-birth-weight infants where they were divided equally into intervention and control groups. Weight, Latch scores, and sucking frequency were noted at baseline. Routine Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) care was given to infants in the control group whereas oromotor stimulation was given for 21 days as a home-based program to the intervention group. The outcome measures were evaluated on the 7th and the 21st day.
RESULTS: Oromotor stimulation improved the sucking frequency, Latch scores, and hastened the transition from spoon-feeding to breastfeeding as compared to the controlled group (P 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that home-based oromotor stimulation program is effective in improving sucking frequency, Latch scores, and duration of transition from spoon-feeding to breastfeeding in preterm low-birth-weight infants, although no significant changes were seen in the rate of weight gain between the groups. Oromotor stimulation should be added along with routine NICU care for preterm low-birth-weight infants to improve the breastfeeding performance
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