1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Longitudinal study of brain injury biochemical markers in premature neonates in NICU and other factors of perinatal outcome
No full textIntroduction: Brain injury (BI) is an adverse perinatal outcome in premature neonates. Early detection of high-risk premature neonates for the development of BI is not possible for the time being. The prognostic value of many biochemical markers (BMs) has been investigated, but none is being used in clinical practice yet. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of BMs "glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)" and "S100 calcium- binding protein B (S100B)", in the serum of premature neonates with gestational age (GA) less than 34 weeks, who developed BI and specifically periventricular leukomalacia or cerebral hemorrhage, of varying degrees, in relation to normal neonates (NN) of the same GA, during the first three days of life. Additionally, it was investigated the correlation of the levels of the above BMs with clinical, laboratory, radiological findings and the degree of BI. Finally, multiple perinatal factors were combined with the above BMs for the creation of a possible prognostic model for the early detection of high-risk neonates to develop BI or adverse perinatal outcome, such as neonatal death. Material - Method: This is a prospective longitudinal case-control study, in which 96 premature neonates who met the inclusion criteria were involved in total. The neonates were admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a Private Obstetrical-Gynecological Clinic of Athens. Of these, 29 developed BI, based on overall ultrasound findings until their discharge from the NICU (case group). Then they were matched one to one (1:1 fashion) with neonates who had normal brain ultrasound findings (control group). For the needs of the research, it was used the remaining unused serum of the neonates, which came from arterial or venous blood, from the scheduled daily laboratory tests,. The first blood sample was received at the admission to the NICU. Regarding perinatal factors, extensive data were collected from the obstetrical and neonatal history. Serum measurements of BMs were performed using ELISA method and the statistical analysis of the results was performed with the IBM SPSS statistics version 23 program. Results: The comparison between NN and neonates with BI did not show statistically significant differences in maternal characteristics, therapeutic interventions in pregnant women or neonates, nor in total duration of neonatal stay in NICU. As far as neonatal characteristics are concerned, neonates with BI had a significantly lower pH and white blood cell count upon admission to NICU compared to NN. In addition, base deficit and lactic acid values at admission, as well as the incidence of seizures and death, were significantly higher in neonates with BI. Necrotizing enterocolitis, in contrast, was significantly more common in NN. There was no statistically significant difference in GFAP levels between the two groups, however, neonates with BI showed more frequent GFAP levels above the kit’s lower detection limit (0.056 ng/ml) and this trend was significantly different between the two groups in the first three days of life. Neonates with BI had a significantly higher S100B serum concentration in the first three days of life, which showed a decreasing trend over the days. Serum S100B on day 1 was the best predictor of adverse neonatal outcome, such as death or grade II-IV cerebral hemorrhage. At a cut-off of 10.51 ng/ml, the S100B serum gave 100% sensitivity and 93.9% specificity for predicting adverse neonatal outcome. Conclusions: The efficacy of GFAP as an early ΒΜ for the development of BI in premature neonates appears to be limited. Probably the use of a more sensitive kit for serum GFAP in the future will highlight its potential prognostic role. Finally, larger prospective studies may give prominence to the predictive value of serum S100B and identify it as the first clinically useful BM for the early detection of high-risk premature neonates to develop BI.Εισαγωγή: Η εγκεφαλική βλάβη (EB) είναι μια δυσμενής περιγεννητική έκβαση στα πρόωρα νεογνά. Η πρώιμη ανίχνευση πρόωρων νεογνών υψηλού κινδύνου για ανάπτυξη EB, δεν είναι επί του παρόντος εφικτή. Η προγνωστική αξία πολλών βιοχημικών δεικτών (ΒΔ) έχει διερευνηθεί, αλλά κανένας δεν χρησιμοποιείται ακόμα στην κλινική πρακτική. Σκοπός: Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν η διερεύνηση των επιπέδων των ΒΔ “όξινη ινώδης γλοιακή πρωτεΐνη (GFAP)” και “S100 πρωτεΐνη B δεσμευτική του ασβεστίου (S100B)”, στον ορό πρόωρων νεογνών με ηλικία κύησης (ΗΚ) μικρότερη των 34 εβδομάδων, που ανέπτυξαν ΕΒ και συγκεκριμένα περικοιλιακή λευκομαλακία ή εγκεφαλική αιμορραγία, διαφόρου βαθμού, σε σχέση με φυσιολογικά νεογνά (ΦΝ) της ίδιας HK, κατά τις πρώτες τρεις ημέρες ζωής (ΗΖ). Επιπροσθέτως, διερευνήθηκε η συσχέτιση των επιπέδων των ανωτέρω ΒΔ με κλινικά, εργαστηριακά, ακτινολογικά ευρήματα αλλά και το βαθμό της EB. Τέλος, πολλαπλοί περιγεννητικοί παράγοντες συνδυάστηκαν με τους ανωτέρω ΒΔ για τη δημιουργία ενός πιθανού προγνωστικού μοντέλου πρώιμης ανίχνευσης νεογνών υψηλού κινδύνου να εμφανίσουν EB ή δυσμενές περιγεννητικό αποτέλεσμα, όπως ο νεογνικός θάνατος. Υλικό – Μέθοδος: Πρόκειται για προοπτική διαχρονική μελέτη ασθενών-μαρτύρων, στην οποία συμμετείχαν συνολικά 96 πρόωρα νεογνά που πληρούσαν τα κριτήρια ένταξης. Τα νεογνά εισήχθησαν σε Μονάδα Εντατικής Νοσηλείας Νεογνών (ΜΕΝΝ) Ιδιωτικής Μαιευτικής-Γυναικολογικής Κλινικής των Αθηνών. Από αυτά, τα 29 ανέπτυξαν EB, με βάση τα συνολικά υπερηχογραφικά ευρήματα ως την έξοδό τους από τη ΜΕΝΝ (ομάδα ασθενών). Μετέπειτα αντιστοιχήθηκαν ένα προς ένα (1:1 fashion) με νεογνά που είχαν φυσιολογικά απεικονιστικά ευρήματα εγκεφάλου (ομάδα μαρτύρων). Για τις ανάγκες της έρευνας χρησιμοποιήθηκε ο περισσευούμενος ορός των νεογνών από τις προγραμματισμένες καθημερινές εργαστηριακές εξετάσεις, ο οποίος προερχόταν από αρτηριακό ή φλεβικό αίμα. Το πρώτο δείγμα λαμβάνονταν κατά την εισαγωγή στη ΜΕΝΝ. Σχετικά με τους περιγεννητικούς παράγοντες, εκτεταμένα στοιχεία συλλέχθησαν από το μαιευτικό και νεογνικό ιστορικό. Οι μετρήσεις των ΒΔ στον ορό έγιναν με τη μέθοδο ELISA και η στατιστική ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων έγινε με το πρόγραμμα IBM SPSS statistics version 23. Αποτελέσματα: Η σύγκριση μεταξύ ΦΝ και νεογνών με ΕΒ, δεν ανέδειξε στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές ως προς τα μητρικά χαρακτηριστικά, τις θεραπευτικές παρεμβάσεις στην έγκυο ή στα νεογνά, αλλά ούτε και στη συνολική διάρκεια παραμονής των νεογνών στη ΜΕΝΝ. Όσον αφορά τα νεογνικά χαρακτηριστικά, τα νεογνά με ΕΒ είχαν σημαντικά χαμηλότερο pH και αριθμό λευκών αιμοσφαιρίων κατά την εισαγωγή στη ΜΕΝΝ σε σύγκριση με τα ΦΝ. Επιπλέον, οι τιμές του ελλείμματος βάσης και του γαλακτικού οξέος εισαγωγής, καθώς και η επίπτωση των σπασμών και του θανάτου ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερες στα νεογνά με ΕΒ. Η νεκρωτική εντεροκολίτιδα, αντιθέτως, ήταν σημαντικά συχνότερη στα ΦΝ. Στα επίπεδα της GFAP δεν παρατηρήθηκε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ των δυο ομάδων, παρόλα αυτά, τα νεογνά με ΕΒ εμφάνισαν συχνότερα επίπεδα GFAP πάνω από το κατώτατο όριο ανίχνευσης του αντιδραστηρίου (0,056ng/ml) και αυτή η τάση ήταν σημαντικά διαφορετική μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων τις πρώτες τρεις ΗΖ. Τα νεογνά με ΕΒ είχαν σημαντικά υψηλότερη συγκέντρωση S100B ορού τις πρώτες τρεις ΗΖ, η οποία παρουσίαζε μια πτωτική πορεία με την πάροδο των ημερών. Η S100B ορού την 1η ημέρα ήταν ο καλύτερος παράγοντας πρόβλεψης για ανεπιθύμητη νεογνική έκβαση, όπως θάνατος ή εγκεφαλική αιμορραγία ΙΙ-IV βαθμού. Με cut-off στα 10,51 ng/ml η S100B ορού έδωσε ευαισθησία 100% και ειδικότητα 93,9% για την πρόβλεψη ανεπιθύμητης νεογνικής έκβασης. Συμπεράσματα: Η αποτελεσματικότητα της GFAP ως πρώιμου ΒΔ για ανάπτυξη ΕΒ σε πρόωρα νεογνά φαίνεται να είναι περιορισμένη. Πιθανώς η χρήση πιο ευαίσθητου αντιδραστηρίου για την GFAP ορού μελλοντικά να αναδείξει τον πιθανό προγνωστικό της ρόλο. Τέλος, μεγαλύτερες προοπτικές μελέτες μπορούν να τονίσουν την προγνωστική αξία της S100B ορού και να την αναδείξουν ως τον πρώτο κλινικά χρήσιμο ΒΔ για έγκαιρη ανίχνευση πρόωρων νεογνών υψηλού κινδύνου να αναπτύξουν ΕΒ
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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