47 research outputs found
Communication and consultation in accompanying the organizational change: the case of the algerian university when passing from the classical system to LMD system –A field study at the University of Badji Mokhtar Annaba
No full textCommunication in the light of a new project within the complex organizations such as universities represents an important part in the field of communication in organizations. In this line, we contribute to this field with this practical study at the University of Badji Mokhtar of Annaba. The study uses a dual method that aims at measuring with a questionnaire to quantify the components of the term “consultation” for the university teachers because they are the main axis of training, research, and pedagogic activities at the university. Moreover, quantitative tools had been used namely the observation and the interview to measure the degree of exchange and consultation between the actors of the same degree about the application of a new philosophy of training, management, and research. After statistical analysis, findings showed that the dynamics of consultation is subject to internal factors related to the personality of the individual and his habits in learning regardless his intellectual and educational level. Moreover, there are external factors related to the environment of the researcher and the possibility of applying the outcomes of the consultation meetings
Ontologies et services aux patients : Application à la reformulation des requêtes
No full textThe Internet has become an important source of medical information for patients and their family members : search for information about their diseases and recent clinical research, building numeric communities for exchange and sharing of information and of personal experience. However, access to the Internet does not mean access to information. The lack of familiarity with the medical language is a major problem for health consumers in information access and understanding. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and characterize the terms used by nonprofessionals during their discourse on medical topics in order to propose services adapted to their language and to their level of knowledge. Its main production is a health consumer ontology in the breast cancer field, which is based on two types of text corpora : health mediators and health consumers. The elements of this ontology have been analysed on several levels : terms, concepts and relations. The resulting ontology has been the core of a health consumers query reformulation application using spreading activation techniques through a semantic network. The concepts of the ontology represent the nodes in the semantic network. The links between the nodes have weights calculated, either automatically based on the co-occurrence of concepts in a corpus of texts or manually depending on the links type, reflecting the "strength" of the relation between the nodes.Internet est devenu une source importante d'information médicale pour les patients et leurs proches : recherche d'informations sur leurs maladies et les dernières recherches cliniques, ainsi que pour y constituer des communautés "numériques" de dialogue et de partage. Cependant, accès à Internet ne signifie pas nécessairement accès à l'information. Le manque de familiarité avec le langage médical constitue un problème majeur pour les usagers de santé dans l'accès à l'information et son interprétation. Le travail de cette thèse s'inscrit dans la problématique d'étude et de caractérisation de la terminologie des usagers de santé pour pouvoir proposer des services adaptés à leur langage et à leur niveau de connaissances. Sa production principale est une ontologie dans le domaine du cancer du sein orientée vers les usagers de santé. Cette ontologie est construite à partir d'un ensemble de corpus de textes représentant deux catégories : les médiateurs de santé et les usagers de santé. Les éléments de cette ontologie ont été analysés en utilisant des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives sur plusieurs niveaux : termes, concepts et relations. L'ontologie produite a constitué le noyau d'une application de reformulation de requêtes d'usagers de santé en utilisant l'approche de propagation d'activation dans un réseau sémantique. Les concepts de l'ontologie représentent les noeuds dans le réseau sémantique et les liens entre ces noeuds ont des poids, calculés soit automatiquement sur la base des co-occurrences des concepts dans un corpus de textes soit, manuellement selon le type des liens ; ces poids reflètent la "force" de la relation entre les noeuds
Ontologies et services aux patients : Application à la reformulation des requêtes
No full textThe Internet has become an important source of medical information for patients and their family members : search for information about their diseases and recent clinical research, building numeric communities for exchange and sharing of information and of personal experience. However, access to the Internet does not mean access to information. The lack of familiarity with the medical language is a major problem for health consumers in information access and understanding. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and characterize the terms used by nonprofessionals during their discourse on medical topics in order to propose services adapted to their language and to their level of knowledge. Its main production is a health consumer ontology in the breast cancer field, which is based on two types of text corpora : health mediators and health consumers. The elements of this ontology have been analysed on several levels : terms, concepts and relations. The resulting ontology has been the core of a health consumers query reformulation application using spreading activation techniques through a semantic network. The concepts of the ontology represent the nodes in the semantic network. The links between the nodes have weights calculated, either automatically based on the co-occurrence of concepts in a corpus of texts or manually depending on the links type, reflecting the "strength" of the relation between the nodes.Internet est devenu une source importante d'information médicale pour les patients et leurs proches : recherche d'informations sur leurs maladies et les dernières recherches cliniques, ainsi que pour y constituer des communautés "numériques" de dialogue et de partage. Cependant, accès à Internet ne signifie pas nécessairement accès à l'information. Le manque de familiarité avec le langage médical constitue un problème majeur pour les usagers de santé dans l'accès à l'information et son interprétation. Le travail de cette thèse s'inscrit dans la problématique d'étude et de caractérisation de la terminologie des usagers de santé pour pouvoir proposer des services adaptés à leur langage et à leur niveau de connaissances. Sa production principale est une ontologie dans le domaine du cancer du sein orientée vers les usagers de santé. Cette ontologie est construite à partir d'un ensemble de corpus de textes représentant deux catégories : les médiateurs de santé et les usagers de santé. Les éléments de cette ontologie ont été analysés en utilisant des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives sur plusieurs niveaux : termes, concepts et relations. L'ontologie produite a constitué le noyau d'une application de reformulation de requêtes d'usagers de santé en utilisant l'approche de propagation d'activation dans un réseau sémantique. Les concepts de l'ontologie représentent les noeuds dans le réseau sémantique et les liens entre ces noeuds ont des poids, calculés soit automatiquement sur la base des co-occurrences des concepts dans un corpus de textes soit, manuellement selon le type des liens ; ces poids reflètent la "force" de la relation entre les noeuds
Towards a National Electronic Health Record in Qatar: Building on International Experiences
No full textBackground: During the past decade, the IT industry has introduced several new concepts within the health domain including e-health, electronic health record, digital hospital, and many more. Although each of these terms has brought its own unique definition and perspectives, they were all based on the foundation that healthcare and wellness management are dependent on effectively using technology to access accurate data in a timely fashion; ensuring enhanced patient care and medical error reduction. The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is an integrated system that collects data from different healthcare providers to create a unified electronic record for each patient among the population. Today, the patient's health information is scattered across different healthcare facilities causing significant inefficiencies within the healthcare system. A national EHR system will tackle these challenges by producing a personal health record for each patient, integrating information from all healthcare providers, and additionally giving access to patients themselves allowing their contribution. Motivation: There are many health IT implementations for EHR programs around the world that serve as great learning experiences for Qatar, offering it a great opportunity to leverage the best national EHR implementation strategies and practices. National EHR initiatives in Qatar emphasize the need to have secure electronic management of health data in structured and standardized formats, which can be communicated across its hospitals, primary healthcare centres, and other healthcare facilities. Personalized medicine initiatives share and extend these goals, with additional precision provided by genetic/genomic-based improved diagnostic, prognostic, and preventive information; thereby demanding a coordinated extension for the adoption and implementation requirements of an integrated national EHR system. It is for this purpose and understanding that the State of Qatar has taken the first concrete steps towards a promising EHR journey that will promote significant changes on how healthcare services are delivered, and more importantly, how each individual in Qatar can be empowered to become an active contributor to the management of their own health. In moving towards the widespread adoption and implementation of a national EHR system in Qatar, it is important to study the different challenges and trends used for the adoption of EHR systems, under national strategies, in other countries. This is essential for health informatics researchers, clinicians, and policy makers, to gain greater insight into the issues concerning the transformation of healthcare using a national EHR system. The results of this review study shall complement, explain, and extend the conclusions of earlier studies commissioned to explore the health information technology ecosystem in the State of Qatar. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review EHR programs from various countries with regard to the issues documented in the studies commissioned in these countries. Our analysis will derive the most common critical aspects and lessons learned from international experiences during the implementation of national EHR programs. Additionally, it will explore opportunities, constraints, and characteristics present in Qatar, necessary for tailoring the strategies and approaches to fully realize a national EHR system in the country. This review study presents two important contributions: 1) it will significantly support promoting health IT solutions that are right for Qatar's need, recognizing the size and capabilities of the country, leveraging existing healthcare organizations and solutions, and respecting the unique cultural characteristics of its population. 2) it will serve as a baseline from which comparisons, performance against target measures, and forward thinking can be scoped; allowing significant contribution towards productive future development of health information technology and personalized medicine initiatives in Qatar. Methods: The data collection techniques included: (a) literature review for articles about EHR adoption under national strategies in several countries, (b) review of reports regarding national e-health strategy and government policies in Qatar, and (c) interviews of people participating in the policy making for national EHR system in Qatar (health and academic professionals involved in health IT research in Qatar). The reviewed EHR programs were selected according to the following criteria: (a) program for the implementation of national EHR system has been initiated since at least 5 years, (b) pilot projects have already been conducted, and (c) the planned EHR systems encompass various approaches of implementation. In line with these criteria, the EHR programs that have been studied were those of the following five countries: United States, England, Estonia, Japan, and Australia. Results: The analysis performed on the selected international EHR programs revealed many lessons learned, including: 1) To achieve a successful EHR implementation, it is critical to increase the awareness of the Qatari population about the upcoming changes in their healthcare experiences, paving the way to a smoother transition while having people's trust and confidence in the new system. 2) It is essential to legally define the legislation of privacy protection of personal medical data to support new e-health concepts and eliminate the risk of violating the privacy of patient data. 3) It is important to allow appropriate time for procurement, utilization, benefit realization and the complete project, otherwise you may risk having stakeholders and the public lose confidence in the EHR project. 4) Financial incentives for healthcare providers proved to be an effective method towards raising the EHR adoption rate. 5) To expedite EHR program acceptance, it is imperative to recruit knowledgeable and experienced technical staff and healthcare leaders, who encourage others to play a critical role during the transition process, and view this change as a dominantly positive one. 6) In order to make EHR an everyday tool for doctors, nurses, patients and public authorities, it is necessary to implement services based on the interests of the healthcare providers and society. 7) Continuous adjustment and enhancement is needed in order to sustain a successful and efficient system. Conclusion: Experiences from other countries suggest that a clear focus needs to be carefully placed on technical, clinical, organizational, financial, social, and patient perspectives to ensure that the full benefits of a national EHR system in Qatar can be realized. In addition, it demonstrates that strategic and human challenges are more difficult to master than technical aspects. The results of this review study can be used as a baseline to provide recommendations on how to tackle potential barriers towards successful adoption of a national EHR system in Qatar.qscienc
Ontologies in the Health Field
No full textHealth data and knowledge had been structured through medical classifications and taxonomies long before ontologies had acquired their pivot status of the Semantic Web. Although there is no consensus on a common definition of an ontology, it is necessary to understand their main features to be able to use them in a pertinent and efficient manner for data mining purposes. This chapter introduces the basic notions about ontologies, presents a survey of their use in medicine and explores some related issues: knowledge bases, terminology, and information retrieval. It also addresses the issues of ontology design, ontology representation, and the possible interaction between data mining and ontologies.</jats:p
Ontologies in the Health Field
No full textHealth data and knowledge had been structured through medical classifications and taxonomies long before ontologies had acquired their pivot status of the Semantic Web. Although there is no consensus on a common definition of an ontology, it is necessary to understand their main features to be able to use them in a pertinent and efficient manner for data mining purposes. This chapter introduces the basic notions about ontologies, presents a survey of their use in medicine and explores some related issues: knowledge bases, terminology, and information retrieval. It also addresses the issues of ontology design, ontology representation, and the possible interaction between data mining and ontologies.</jats:p
Dealing with Ties in Rank Correlation
No full textIn the field of Information Retrieval (IR), rankings of systems evaluated under different conditions are often compared to each other. This measure of correspondence between rankings, termed as rank correlation, must accurately capture the scenario for which the correlation is computed. Very often, these rankings may have tied systems, for which new correlation coefficients arise. It is important that these coefficients account for the new scenarios in the presence of ties. It is also important that these coefficients provide some flexibility to the person performing the correlation to introduce artificial ties when items are so close to each other that, for practical purposes, they may be considered as tied. Accounting for these different scenarios of tied items in rankings permits performing per topic comparisons of IR systems, which was earlier limited due to the presence of ties on individual topics. Comparing rankings at the topic level, the expected variability of the rankings can be studied to potentially improve the systems on the topics for which they perform poorer than average. We show the application of these new correlation coefficients with two typical IR experiments.Computer Science | Multimedia Computin
Ontology-Based Reformulation of Health Consumer Queries Using Spreading Activation Techniques
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