1,721,165 research outputs found
Quelle fonction pour les meules du Néolithique ancien de la moitié nord de la France ? Apports et limites de l'analyse phytolithique
No full textDie funktionelle Analyse der Mahlgeräte und insbesondere die in den letzten Jahren entwickelte optische Analyse der Gebrauchsspuren erlaubt es, die Funktionsweise der Mahlgeräte und die Natur der verarbeiteten Substanzen zu rekonstruieren. Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert den Beitrag der Analyse der in der Oberfläche der Mahlsteine eingeschlossenen Phytolithen für das Verständnis der neolithischen Nahrungsgewohnheiten und Mahltechniken. Das Beispiel von zwei Serien frühneolithischer Mahlsteine aus Nordfrankreich (Berry-au-Bac " le Vieux Tordoir" und Loison-sous-Lens) unterstreicht das Informationspotential doch ebenfalls die
Grenzen dieser Methode für die Analyse der Mahlsteine in gemäßigtem Klima.The functional analysis of grinding tools, and especially use-wear analyses developped in the last decade, aims at reconstituting their working order and the nature of the matters transformed. Our paper discusses how a phytolith analysis on querns active surface can bring information on Neolithic dietary habits and grinding techniques. Through the example of two Early Neolithic series of the northern half of France (Berry-au-Bac " Le Vieux Tordoir" et Loison-sous-Lens), we discuss the interest and limits of this method to approach the function
of querns under temperate climate.L’analyse fonctionnelle des outils de broyage, et notamment l’analyse optique des traces d’utilisation développée ces dernières années, permet de reconstituer leur fonctionnement et la nature même des substances transformées. Le présent article discute l’apport complémentaire d’une analyse des phytolithes piégés en surface des meules à la compréhension des pratiques alimentaires et techniques de broyage techniques néolithiques. L’exemple de deux séries du Néolithique ancien de la moitié nord de la France (Berry-au-Bac " Le Vieux Tordoir" et Loison-sous-Lens) souligne le potentiel informatif mais également des limites inhérentes à l’utilisation de cette méthode pour l’analyse des meules en climat tempéré.Hamon Caroline, Emery-Barbier Aline, Messager Erwan. Quelle fonction pour les meules du Néolithique ancien de la moitié Nord de la France ? Apports et limites de l’analyse phytolithique. In: Revue archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial 28, 2011. pp. 515-521
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
MAPALP: a vegetation map of the north-western European Alps
No full textThe objective of the MAPALP map is to propose a map that i) aggregates and combines different types of spatial data in a single tool to obtain a homogenised map that provides knowledge of the regional composition and distribution of the vegetation cover in the north-western Alps area (50 km of radius), ii) provides for each of these categories of vegetation cover, an average botanical composition with the abundances of taxa, and finally iii) that provides proportions of the selected taxa for the whole area.
Although this map has been produced in the context of a palaeoecological study, the methodology developed and the final map dataset can be respectively applied and used for other types of environmental studies (soil erosion, risks, ecosystem monitoring, etc...) from land cover to habitat scales and even taxa scale
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The sedimentary signal as a characterizing element of seismic activity at the front of the Alps, during the Holocene
No full textL’activité sismique récente au front des Alpes occidentales est considérée modérée, mais peu d'informations sont disponibles sur son évolution sur le temps long. Ces travaux de thèse se concentrent sur la sismicité de cette région au cours de la période holocène (11 700 dernières années). La paléosismologie lacustre est l’approche choisie pour étudier cette période de temps longue.Le lac d’Aiguebelette a été identifié comme un site privilégié pour cette étude suite à des analyses préliminaires menées en 2017. Elles indiquent la présence de nombreux dépôts instantanés dans une des fosses (dont la situation distale à l’affluent, la rend exempte des dépôts de crues) et de varves (dépôts saisonniers). Ces caractéristiques sont clés pour construire une chronique des dépôts instantanés sismo-induits. Des analyses multi-proxy sont menées sur ces sédiments en utilisant des méthodes sédimentologiques, géochimiques et paléomagnétiques. Cette approche pluridisciplinaire a permis d'extraire et de caractériser des dépôts instantanés, particulièrement des homogénites et des turbidites-homogénites, dont 32 d’entre eux sont interprétés comme sismo-induits. Un modèle d’âge basé sur des datations radioéléments et radiocarbones, ainsi que des données d'aimantation rémanente caractéristique, permet d’établir une chronique robuste de ces dépôts.Sur la période récente, la sensibilité du lac d’Aiguebelette à l’archivage des séismes est discutée sur la base de l’identification des séismes historiques qui y sont potentiellement enregistrés. Pour cela, deux méthodes sont utilisées : (1) une méthode empirique classique, l'indice du seuil de sensibilité aux séismes (ESTI), et (2) une approche plus quantitative basée sur l’exploitation d’équations de prédiction du mouvement sismique (GMPE, équations de prédiction des mouvements au sol). Il ressort de cette analyse que le lac d’Aiguebelette est plus sensible aux événements sismiques historiques modérés (VII≤Io≤VIII), dont les épicentres sont situés dans un périmètre de quelques km à dizaines de km, plutôt qu’aux événements plus forts et plus lointains. Sur la période Holocène, la chronique établie des dépôts sismo-induits permet de souligner une période de retour d'environ 3000 à 4000 ans pour les dépôts les plus épais (⩾ 4.5 cm). Ces travaux mettent en évidence les défis de l'interprétation d'une telle chronique de sismicité. La relation entre les variations du taux de sédimentation et la répartition des dépôts instantanés sur l’Holocène, n’est pas évidente. Il reste nécessaire la part d’autres phénomènes tels que les variations du niveau du lac ou encore l’évolution des caractéristiques géotechniques des sédiments. Une relation directe entre épaisseur des dépôts et l’intensité/ la magnitude des séismes n'est pas évidente à établir.A la transition Tardiglaciaire – Holocène, des dépôts instantanés majeurs et d’âges très proches sont identifiés dans les lacs d'Aiguebelette, de Paladru, d'Annecy, du Bourget et de la Thuile. Ces occurrences quasi-simultanées de dépôts instantanés à l’échelle périalpine, suggèrent une sismicité accrue à cette période. A la fin de cette dernière période glaciaire, l’hypothèse d’un lien6entre le changement climatique rapide (accompagné du retrait des glaciers) et l’augmentation régionale des taux de sismicité est proposée.Ces travaux soulignent l'importance de combiner des approches empiriques et quantitatives pour mieux comprendre la sensibilité d'un système lacustre à l'activité sismique. Ces méthodes pourront être utilisées dans d'autres contextes géodynamiques, en particulier dans des zones à forte sismicité, afin de déterminer si un système lacustre est plus sensible aux séismes locaux et modérés ou aux séismes lointains et plus forts.Recent seismic activity in the western Alps is considered moderate, but little information is available on its long-term evolution. This thesis focuses on the seismicity of this region during the Holocene period (covering the last 11,700 years).Lacustrine paleoseismology is used to study this long time period. Lake has been identified as a privileged site for this study following preliminary analyses conducted in 2017. These analyses indicate the presence of numerous event layers in one of the basins (in a distal position from the tributary, making it free from flood deposits) and varves (seasonal deposits). These characteristics are crucial for constructing a chronicle of seismically-induced deposits. Multi-proxy analyses are conducted on these sediments. Sedimentological, geochemical, and paleomagnetic methods are used. This multidisciplinary approach is key to characterize event layers, particularly homogenites and turbidite-homogenites. 32 of them are interpreted as seismically-induced. An age-depth model based on radioelement and radiocarbon dating, as well as characteristic remanent magnetization data, is used to build a robust chronicle of these deposits.Over the recent and historical period (last 1000 years), the sensitivity of Lake Aiguebelette to earthquake recording is discussed based on the identification of potentially recorded historical earthquakes. For this purpose, two methods have been used: (1) a classical empirical method, the Earthquake Sensitivity Threshold Index (ESTI), and (2) a more quantitative approach based on the exploitation of ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The analysis shows that Lake Aiguebelette is more sensitive to moderate historical seismic events (VII≤Io≤VIII) with epicenters located within a perimeter of a few to tens of kilometers, rather than stronger and more distant events.For the Holocene period, the chronicle of seismically-induced deposits highlights a recurrence interval of approximately 3000 to 4000 years for the thickest deposits (⩾ 4.5 cm). This PhD thesis emphasizes the challenges of interpreting such a seismicity chronicle. The relationship between sedimentation rate variations and the distribution of event layers over the the Holocene is not obvious. It is still necessary to analyze the influence of other phenomena such as lake level variations or the evolution of sediment geotechnical characteristics. Likewise, establishing a direct relationship between deposit thickness and earthquake intensity/magnitude is not straightforward.At the Late Glacial - Holocene transition, major event layers of similar ages are identified in Lake Aiguebelette, Paladru, Annecy, Bourget, and La Thuile. These quasi-simultaneous occurrences of instant deposits at the peri-Alpine scale suggest increased seismicity during this period. The hypothesis of a link between rapid climate change (accompanied by glacier retreat) and regional increases in seismicity rates is proposed.This work emphasizes the importance of combining empirical and quantitative approaches to better understand the sensitivity of a lacustrine system to seismic activity. These methods can be used in other geodynamic contexts, particularly in areas with high seismicity, to determine whether a lacustrine system is more sensitive to local and moderate earthquakes or to distant and stronger earthquakes
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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