602 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221094454 – Supplemental material for The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221094454 for The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia by Bitew Tefera Zewudie, Shegaw Geze Tenaw, Mamo Solomon, Yibeltal Mesfin, Haimanot Abebe, Zebene Mekonnen, Shegaw Tesfa, Bogale Chekole Temere, Agerie Aynalem Mewahegn, Tadele lankrew and Yihenew Sewale in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Adverse birth outcome: a comparative analysis between cesarean section and vaginal delivery at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective record review [Corrigendum]
No full textAbebe Eyowas F, Negasi AK, Aynalem GE, Worku AG. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2016;7:65–70On page 65 Abel Fekadu Dadi should have been listed as an author. The incorrect author list was:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2The correct author list should have been:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2Abel Fekadu Dadi2Read the original articl
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221105571 – Supplemental material for Pressure ulcer prevention knowledge, practices, and their associated factors among nurses in Gurage Zone Hospitals, South Ethiopia, 2021
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221105571 for Pressure ulcer prevention knowledge, practices, and their associated factors among nurses in Gurage Zone Hospitals, South Ethiopia, 2021 by Shegaw Tesfa Mengist, Haimanot Abebe Geletie, Bitew Tefera Zewudie, Agerie Ayinalem Mewahegn, Tamene Fetene Terefe, Baye Tsegaye Amlak, Betelhem Tadesse, Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus, Tadesse Tsehay, Mamo Solomon, Bogale Chekole Temere, Shegaw Geze Tenaw and Yibeltal Mesfin in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Trans Rights: A detailed analysis of access to gender affirming treatments by minors and the differing approaches taken by Member States in the European Union
No full textIn this paper the author will be discussing the varying approaches by Member States in the European Union regarding the rights of Minors to access/undertake gender affirming treatments. This paper shall have a particular focus on the varying approaches taken by the Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom and the Netherlands in minors having access to gender affirming treatments. The Netherlands has developed a protocol for gender affirming intervention which has been deemed to be the benchmark for providing treatment for minors suffering from gender dysphoria. The protocol developed by the Netherland vastly differs from other Member States such as the United Kingdom and Ireland. The basis for the differing views by such member states lies on the basis of health officials that intervention can be a detriment to minors instead of having a benefit. The varying approaches by Member States raises the question of what can be considered to be the appropriate approach to be undertaken in providing gender affirming treatment to minors and the lines that must be drawn between what can be considered in what is deemed to be providing minors with the right to receive appropriate care against what can be considered to be medical malpractice
Opinion Dynamics Optimization by Varying Susceptibility to Persuasion via Non-Convex Local Search
No full textA long line of work in social psychology has studied variations in people's susceptibility to persuasion - the extent to which they are willing to modify their opinions on a topic. This body of literature suggests an interesting perspective on theoretical models of opinion formation by interacting parties in a network: in addition to considering interventions that directly modify people's intrinsic opinions, it is also natural to consider interventions that modify people's susceptibility to persuasion.In this work, motivated by this fact, we propose an influence optimization problem. Specifically, we adopt a popular model for social opinion dynamics, where each agent has some fixed innate opinion, and a resistance that measures the importance it places on its innate opinion; agents influence one another's opinions through an iterative process. Under certain conditions, this iterative process converges to some equilibrium opinion vector. For the unbudgeted variant of the problem, the goal is to modify the resistance of any number of agents (within some given range) such that the sum of the equilibrium opinions is minimized; for the budgeted variant, in addition the algorithm is given upfront a restriction on the number of agents whose resistance may be modified.We prove that the objective function is in general non-convex. Hence, formulating the problem as a convex program as in an early version of this work (Abebe et al., KDD'18) might have potential correctness issues. We instead analyze the structure of the objective function, and show that any local optimum is also a global optimum, which is somehow surprising as the objective function might not be convex. Furthermore, we combine the iterative process and the local search paradigm to design very efficient algorithms that can solve the unbudgeted variant of the problem optimally on large-scale graphs containing millions of nodes. Finally, we propose and evaluate experimentally a family of heuristics for the budgeted variant of the problem. © 2021 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM
Emergent trends in the reported incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria
No full textGodwin O Ifere1, Fisseha Abebe2, Godwin A Ananaba1,31Department of Biological Sciences, 2Department of Mathematical Sciences, 3Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USABackground: To date there has not been any nationwide age-standardized incidence data reported for prostate cancer in Nigeria. We examined and integrated diverse trends in the age-specific incidence of prostate cancer into a comprehensive trend for Nigeria, and examined how best the existing data could generate a countrywide age-standardized incidence rate for the disease.Methods: Data were obtained from studies undertaken between 1970 and 2007 in referral hospital-based cancer registries. Records from at least one tertiary hospital in each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria were examined retrospectively. Data were also reported for the rural population in cross-sectional prospective studies. Age-standardized incidence rates and the annual incidence of disease were calculated.Results: Higher incidence rates for prostate cancer during this period were recorded for patients aged 60&ndash;69 years and 70&ndash;79 years, with a lower incidence rate for patients aged younger than 50 years. An exponential annual incidence rate of disease was observed in the 50&ndash;79 year age group and peaked at 70&ndash;79 years before dropping again at age 80 years. The results showed metastasis in more than half of these hospital-based prostate tumors.Conclusion: Our results suggest that prostate cancer occurs at a relatively young age in Nigerians and that hospital-based registry reports may not appropriately reflect the incidence of the disease in Nigeria. A countrywide screening program is urgently needed. Finally, the difference in reported stages of disease found in Nigerians and African-Americans versus Caucasians suggests biological differences in the prognosis. Nigeria may thus typify one of the ancestral populations that harbor inherited genes predisposing African-Americans to high-risk prostate cancer.Keywords: prostate cancer, annual age-standardized incidence rate, Nigeria cancer registr
Genetic evaluation of growth rate and efficiency-related traits in Dorper sheep
No full textThe present study was carried out to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth rate and efficiency-related traits in Dorper sheep. Growth records from the breeding flock of Dorper sheep collected between 2012 and 2021 at Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Amhara Region, Ethiopia were used in this study. (Co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for daily gain from birth to weaning (DG0-3), daily gain from weaning to six months (DG3-6), and daily gain from six months to yearling (DG6-12) and corresponding kleiber ratios (KR0-3, KR3-6, KR6-12), efficiency of growth (GE0-3, GE3-6, GE6-12) and relative growth rate (RG0-3, RG3-6, RG6-12) were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure fitting six different univariate animal models. The most appropriate model for each trait was determined by log-likelihood ratio test. Multivariate analysis was carried out to estimate correlations between traits. Year of birth had a significant effect (P < 0.001) in all studied traits. Furthermore birth season had a significant effect (P < 0.01) in traits measured during pre-weaning growth period. Phenotypic performance for all studied traits except traits measured from six months to 12 months of age showed a declined trend over years. Model including only direct genetic effects was chosen as the most appropriate model for all studied traits, except for GE0-3 and GR0-3 which model included maternal genetic effects was the most appropriate model. Direct heritability estimates were, respectively, 0.10 ± 0.06, 0.16 ± 0.07, 0.26 ± 0.13 and 0.26 ± 0.13 for DG0-3, KR0-3, GE0-3 and GR0-3; 0.02 ± 0.05, 0.02 ± 0.04, 0.00 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.05 for DG3-6, KR3-6, GE3-6 and GR3-6; and 0.22 ± 0.10, 0.14 ± 0.09, 0.11 ± 0.09 and 0.12 ± 0.09 for DG6-12, KR6-12, GE6-12 and GR6-12. Estimates of the additive genetic coefficients of variation (CVA) were used as a measurement of genetic variability and ranged between 0.78% (GE3-6) and 27.13% (DG6-12). Genetic correlations among the traits ranged from −0.56 (DG3-6 and GE6-12) to 0.99 (KR3-6-GR3-6, GE3-6-GR3-6, GE6-12-GR6-12) and phenotypic correlation ranged from −0.61 (GE6-12-DG3-6) to 0.99 (GR3-6-KR3-6, GR3-6-GE3-6, GR6-12-GE6-12). Traits measured during the pre-weaning growth period had negative and weak genetic correlations with traits measured during the post-weaning growth period and ranged from −0.31 (DG0-3-GE6-12) to 0.20 (DG0-3-DG3-6). The importance of efficiency-related traits will increase significantly and will attract much more attention in sheep production in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Including DG0-3 in the selection index is recommended to improve efficiency of the ongoing Dorper breeding program
Mitigating effects of data heterogeneity in decentralized learning and addressing challenges of adapting foundation models
No full textThis thesis explores two main topics: Chapters 2 and 3 address data heterogeneity in
decentralized and federated learning, while Chapters 4 and 5 focus on the adaptation and
optimization of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), a foundation model for image segmentation.
We begin by tackling the challenges associated with data heterogeneity in Federated Learning
(FL) and Fully Decentralized Learning (FDL). We introduce an innovative privacy-aware client
clustering mechanism that facilitates stratified sampling in the FL context and helps optimize
peer topology in the FDL setting. Our empirical findings indicate this approach enhances the
representativeness of sampled clients in FL and local topology in FDL, significantly boosting the
convergence and accuracy of the global model (or peer models). As a result, the proposed method
substantially reduces communication overhead among participating devices, making it an
advantageous solution.
Shifting our focus to foundation models, we propose a means of adapting SAM for the
materials science domain. Specifically, we propose a technique called semantic boosting to
enhance zero-shot semantic segmentation of micrographs. To accomplish this, we develop a
post-processing engine, SAM-I-Am, which markedly improves SAM’s zero-shot segmentation
results. Finally, we address the challenge of model size by streamlining SAM via one-shot Neural
Architecture Search (NAS). In particular, we develop a novel search space design involving
structured pruning and parameter prioritization to transform SAM into a weight-sharing
supernetwork. This enables the discovery of efficient subnetworks that perform comparably to the
pre-trained SAM model
Amharic Language Image Captions Generation Using Hybridized Attention-Based Deep Neural Networks
No full textThis study aims to develop a hybridized deep learning model for generating semantically meaningful image captions in Amharic Language. Image captioning is a task that combines both computer vision and natural language processing (NLP) domains. However, existing studies in the English language primarily focus on visual features to generate captions, resulting in a gap between visual and textual features and inadequate semantic representation. To address this challenge, this study proposes a hybridized attention-based deep neural network (DNN) model. The model consists of an Inception-v3 convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder to extract image features, a visual attention mechanism to capture significant features, and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) with attention decoder to generate the image captions. The model was trained on the Flickr8k and BNATURE datasets with English captions, which were translated into Amharic Language with the help of Google Translator and Amharic Language experts. The evaluation of the model showed improvement in its performance, with a 1G-BLEU score of 60.6, a 2G-BLEU score of 50.1, a 3G-BLEU score of 43.7, and a 4G-BLEU score of 38.8. Generally, this study highlights the effectiveness of the hybrid approach in generating Amharic Language image captions with better semantic meaning
Consumption of vitamin a rich foods and dark adaptation threshold of pregnant women at Damot Sore District, Wolayita, southern Ethiopia
No full textBACKGROUND:
More than 7.2 million pregnant women in developing countries suffer from vitamin A deficiency. The objective of this study was to assess dark adaptation threshold of pregnant women and related socio-demographic factors in Damot Sore District, Wolayita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
METHODS:
A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 104 pregnant women selected by a two stage cluster sampling. A Dietary Diversity Score was calculated by counting the number of food groups consumed by the women in 24 hour period prior to the study. Scotopic Sensitivity Tester-1 was used to test participant's pupillary response to graded amounts of light in a dark tent.
RESULTS:
Half of the pregnant women in this study had dietary diversity score less than three. The majority of participants (87.5%) had consumed either animal or plant source vitamin A rich foods less than three times a week. For a unit increase in individual dietary diversity score, there was a decrease in dark adaptation measurement by 0.29 log cd/m(2) (p=0.001). For a unit increase in gestational week of pregnancy, there was an increase in dark adaptation measurement by 0.19 log cd/m(2) (P=0.027).
CONCLUSIONS:
Results from this study indicated that the pregnant women had low consumption of vitamin A rich foods, and their dark adaptation threshold increases with gestational age indicating that their vitamin A status is getting worse. There is a need to design appropriate intervention and target this group of population.
KEYWORDS:
Southern Ethiopia; Vitamin A deficiency; dark adaptation threshold; pregnant wome
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