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The Dynamics of Issue Attention on the United States Supreme Court
Get PDFThroughout history, the United States Supreme Court has served as a major player in shaping
the character and direction of public policy through the decisions it hands down. The issues that
have garnered the Court’s attention have also changed over time, suggesting that the type of cases
that receive certiorari fluctuate according to judicial preferences. Most research on certiorari has
highlighted the importance of this process for understanding judicial decision-making, especially
in regards to which cases are selected for review. But, we know less about the importance of issues
in the agenda-setting process, and why issues, not specific cases, explain agenda-setting. This
project brings together a theoretical framework that focuses on the influence of macro-level considerations
on certiorari with a methodological emphasis on explaining dynamic agenda-setting.
The macro-political theory of agenda setting produces three predictions about the dynamics
of issue attention on the Supreme Court. First, the Supreme Court’s issue attention should shift
toward policy domains over which Republicans exert greater issue ownership as the membership
of the Court becomes more conservative, and, conversely, the Court should pay greater attention to
policy domains over which Democrats have stronger issue ownership as the Court becomes more
liberal. Second, the Court’s issue attention should follow public perceptions of problems in the
political, economic, or social environment, leading the Court to take more cases in issue areas
where the American people identify important public problems. Finally, the Court’s issue agenda
should respond to changes in the political, economic and social environment that produce changes
in the volume of litigation activity in particular policy domains, influencing the composition of the
set of cases from which the Court constructs its docket and, therefore, its issue agenda.
Another contribution of this dissertation is the introduction of compositional dependent variable
models to judicial politics. This methodology examines the trade-off relationships that shape
the Supreme Court’s agenda over time, with the underlying theory that the composition of the
agenda reflects the relative importance of the Court’s partisan priorities. Using this approach, the
data indicate that the partisan composition of the Court alters the policy preferences represented
on the judicial agenda and that there are trade-off relationships that have been largely masked by
exploring the ebb and flow of issue attention across different issue areas separately.
The results indicate that issue attention by the U.S. Supreme Court is not merely the result
of the incidental aggregation of the policy domains in which individual cases are situated. The
Court’s attention to different issues is systematically associated with macro-political dynamics in
the ideological orientations of the Court’s members and the political environment. This mirrors
patterns of aggregate issue attention in the elected branches of national government and highlight
a political economy of judicial issue attention. Further, the data indicate that partisanship and
ideology have differential effects on the types of issues the justices place on their agenda, indicating
that the related concepts need to be considered independently in more research in judicial politics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ideology and Specific Support for the Supreme Court
No full textThis is the final version as it appears for the citation:
Haglin, Kathryn, Soren Jordan, Alison Higgins Merrill, and Joseph Daniel Ura. 2021. "Ideology and Specific Support for the Supreme Court." Political Research Quarterly 74 (4): 955-969. DOI: 10.1177/1065912920950482
The page numbers here are consistent with the published version. Corresponding author: Joseph Daniel Ura ([email protected]
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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