200,875 research outputs found
Meroni Behind the Scenes: Uncovering the Actors and Context of a Landmark Judgment
No full text(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(1), 539-551 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. Meroni and the evolution of EU law. - II.1. Overview of the case. - II.2. The long and con-tested life of Meroni in EU law. - III. Actors and institutions behind the Meroni judgment. - III.1. Meroni: shed-ding light on the context and on the economic rationale. - III.2. The High Authority: the dynamic nature of the case. - III.3. The Court: an innovative judgment of a conservative Court? - IV. Concluding remarks. | (Abstract) Meroni is one of the most controversial cases in EU jurisprudence, one bearing profound consequences for the evolution of the EU legal and institutional system. For over sixty years the 1958 judgement has set the conditions for power delegation in the EU. It also first formulated the well-known principle of institutional balance. It remains very topical still today, as shown by the recent ESMA case, which raised again the issue of power delegation to external agencies. This Article looks behind Meroni's scenes, by analysing the recently released CJEU dossier de procédure. Through a "law in context" analysis, it provides innovative insights into the economic and social background of the dispute. It investigates the parties' submissions and their arguments, showing how actors and institutions shaped the Court's reasoning. Ultimately, the Article unveils the dynamic nature of the case, arguing that far from being a necessary outcome, the Court's judgment was crafted step by step upon the arguments of the parties, in an unexpected legal build-up leading from judicial protection, to power-delegation up to the principle of institutional balance
Clinical utility of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
No full textMaurizio Cutolo, Marianna Meroni Research Laboratories and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy Abstract: Immune/inflammatory cells act in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-affected patients by synthesizing several inflammatory mediators, including cytokines that initiate intracellular signaling. Recently, small molecule inhibitors of transduction and transcription signals that influence the intracellular pathways (such as the Janus kinase [JAK] family of tyrosine kinases) have been tested for RA treatment. Four members of the JAK family are known: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TyK2. JAK1/JAK3 constitutively binds to the cytoplasmic portion of the cytokine receptor – the common gamma chain – that represents a common subunit of several cytokines involved in T-cell and natural killer cell development, as well as in B-cell activation. Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor that is now available and effective in RA treatment, as shown in multiple Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. However, long-term safety data and comparisons with other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and small molecule inhibitors are necessary to better determine the role of tofacitinib in RA. Keywords: Janus kinase inhibitors, tofacitinib, rheumatoid arthritis, kinases, small molecules inhibitors, intracellular signalin
La rata blanca
No full textIremos señalando ordenadamente, los detalles necesarios para la instalación y cuidado de un pequeño vivero de ratas (Resumen extraído del artículo).Fil: Meroni, Carlos M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Fisiología. Buenos Aires, Argentin
Mellowing Meroni : how ESMA can help build the single market
No full textOn January 22nd, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) gave its longawaited opinion in the case concerning the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA).1 The ruling is important in order to appreciate the modern understanding of the Meroni non-delegation doctrine. It is not the purpose of this CEPS Commentary to provide a fully-fledged analysis of the ESMA ruling,2 but rather to extract the potential implications of the ESMA case for the place and significance of the Meroni doctrine in building up the single market. We aim to demonstrate that the ESMA case is yet another manifestation of a slow process of “mellowing Meroni’. This is a critical condition for a new single market strategy aiming to end the remaining fragmentation of the single market – not only in financial markets but also in network industries – and ensure its ‘proper functioning’
Fostering collaboration between start-ups and students for mutually beneficial inspiring learning
No full textThis two-voiced paper is the result of a student-teacher interaction in which the teacher simply paves the floor for a student’s narrative and commentary, from their perspective, of an innovative projectbased studio experience. By partnering with an incubation and start-up program for social innovators in Milan, university faculty considered how to design a studio to stimulate both students and innovators in their different educational and personal trajectories by organising "pairs of teams" with the same design goal(s), conscientious of social innovation, environmental sustainability within a circular economy, and striving for radical solutions. The team for which this student-author is sharing their experience in this paper has been paired with the start-up team “NoLo Ricicla - ilVespaio”, whose innovation idea was based on the question “How could a system of plastic packaging recovery, production and distribution of recycled artefacts be organised on a neighbourhood scale in the neighbourhood of NoLo?
Autoantibodies - Future Trends
No full textThe impact of autoimmune diseases has grown exponentially both from a clinical and a diagnostic point of view in the last two decades. The knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases contributed to the identification of new autoantibodies and new diagnostic/prognostic assays have been developed. The most recent example is represented by the autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides that have been demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis and the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis and have been included in the new classification criteria. There is growing evidence that the characterization of the autoantibody profile rather than the detection of a single positivity can offer more information from a diagnostic point of view. Moreover, the autoantibody profile may identify the risk for developing specific organ involvement, thus becoming important also from a prognostic point of view. As a consequence, new diagnostic techniques have been developed with the aim of detecting multiple autoantibody specificities. The increasing number of the available methods and the spreading of autoimmunity testing make the problem of quality control (reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity) and the clinical interpretation of particular concern. In addition, the use of new systems for autoantibodies raises the problem of their clinical significance in comparison with that of "historical" methods
The geoepidemiology of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
No full textAntiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can be detected by functional (lupus anticoagulant) and/or by solid phase assays (anti-cardiolipin and anti-beta2 glycoprotein I). Although detectable in 1-5% of asymptomatic apparently healthy subjects, persistent aPL are significantly associated with recurrent arterial/venous thrombosis and with pregnancy morbidity. Such an association is the formal classification tool for the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The prevalence of the syndrome with no associated systemic connective tissue diseases (primary APS) in the general population is still a matter of debate since there are no sound epidemiological studies in the literature so far. aPL display higher prevalence in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis than in other systemic autoimmune diseases. However not all the aPL positive lupus patients display the clinical manifestations. Comparable findings may be found in the paediatric population, although anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies are detected in healthy children more frequently than in adults. High prevalence of aPL has been also reported in clinical manifestations that are not formal APS classification criteria: heart valve disease, livedo reticular, nephropathy, neurological manifestations, and thrombocytopenia. Antiphospholipid antibodies can be associated with infectious processes, active vaccination, drug administration and malignancies. Their prevalence and titres are lower and the relationship with the APS clinical manifestations are less strong than in the previously mentioned conditions. Ethnicity was also reported to influence the prevalence of aPL
[Quality and efficiency of the Health Service in the Italian Region of Lombardy]
No full textThe Regional Law No. 31 of 1997 has revised the Lombardy Health Service as a whole, separating "providers", credited Public and Private Health Institutions, from "purchasers", Local Health Agencies. To this purpose, the improvement of the quality of assistance has been enhanced through an accreditation process aimed at implementing second level regional requirements considered as being necessary for carrying out effective treatment and meeting patient needs. Training, implementation and evaluation of quality service within Health Institutions have been carried out with the assistance of the Regional Observatory on the Quality of Health Service, which helped to identify initial intervention areas, define process indicators, activities and outcomes and verify patient satisfaction, all this to improve performance, reduce risks and control costs. To fully develop the Institutions in the accreditation process, the complex and difficult aspect of health care quality has been more extensively and deeply dealt with by adopting an "Excellence accreditation" model in cooperation with the Joint Commission International Accreditation and by experimenting with Professional accreditation supported by Scientific Societies to further contribute to the development of technical skills and knowledge. The Quality Project carried out so far is based on the integration of various projects, which will be the object of practical interventions by the General Health Direction. All the information and results gathered from this project will be very helpful in finding solutions that will enable all Health Institutions in Lombardy to reach an adequate level of quality
Food as a form of care: designing social innovative processes and practices
No full textFood in Italian culture is traditionally considered a form of care for others and, by definition, conviviality, and these concepts extend beyond the stages of preparation and consumption. If we also include the stages of cultivation, production and processing, the concept of care potentially expands far beyond
caring for people. While the scientific and grey literature on food and social innovation is rich and extensive, there is still room to explore the relationship between food and care, especially regarding the contribution of design in making food a tool of care for people, the environment and cities. Building on these premises, the paper moves from the case of a social innovation policy in Milan to construct a preliminary conceptual interpretation of the relationship between food and the notion of care, exploring how design contributes to strengthening this relationship through shaping strategies and services and
of empowering people with entrepreneurial and creative skills, nurturing an innovation culture in society at large. The study builds on the analysis of 7 cases incubated within the program The School of Neighborhoods, promoted by the Municipality of Milan and designed by a consortium of partners including the Polimi Desis Lab of Politecnico di Milano. With the purpose of
laying the basis for a conceptual framework to be adopted in ONFoods (a project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan in Italy with the aim of taking a substantial step toward the sustainability of food systems) the authors introduce an interpretation of the cases in which food is a way to:
i) care for diversity and inclusion; ii) care for the neighborhood; iii) care for the environment; iv) care for the quality of work. The discourse around the case studies benefits from having been developed in a vibrant urban context in terms of food policies that help shape and expand the city’s capacity for experimentation and innovation. The paper discusses the contribution of design in reshaping the notion of care through food, both in supporting the presented social innovation projects as well as in infrastructuring the scouting and incubation process that led to the generation of public value
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