1,721,104 research outputs found
Effect of lower body resistance training on upper body strength adaptation in trained men.
No full textThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of 2 different
lower-body strength training schemes on upper-body adaptations
to resistance training. Twenty resistance-trained men
(4.25 6 1.6 years of experience) were randomly assigned to
either a high intensity (HI; n = 9; age = 24.9 6 2.9 years; body
mass = 88.7 6 17.2 kg; height = 177.0 6 5.6 cm) or a mixed
high volume and HI resistance training program (MP; n = 11;
age = 26.0 6 4.7 years; body mass = 82.8 6 9.1 kg; height =
177.54 6 5.9 cm). High-intensity group followed a HI training for
both upper and lower body (4–5 reps at 88%–90% of 1 repetition
maximum (1RM)), whereas the MP group performed highvolume
training sessions focused on muscle hypertrophy for
lower body (10–12 reps at 65%–70% of 1-RM) and a HI protocol
for the upper body. Maximal strength and power testing
occurred before and after the 6-week training program. Analysis
of covariance was used to compare performance measures
between the groups. Greater increases in MP groups compared
with HI groups were observed for bench press 1RM (p =
0.007), bench press power at 50% of 1RM (p = 0.011), and
for arm muscle area (p = 0.046). Significant difference between
the 2 groups at posttest were also observed for fat mass (p =
0.009). Results indicated that training programs focused on
lower-body muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength for upper
body can stimulate greater strength and power gains in the
upper body compared with HI resistance training programs for
both the upper and lower body
Technical-tactical performance and success in the 2010-2011 Italian Serie A League: a latent variable approach
No full textIn soccer, few authors have assessed the technical and tactical performance throughout an entire season (Lago, 2007; Davies et al., 2008; Merni et al., 2008). This study aimed to individuate a set of latent variables allowing to describe the technical-tactical performance of the teams in the whole 2010-2011 season (n=760 matches) of the Italian Serie A league.
A factor analysis was performed using 15 indicators of technical and tactical performance of the teams, after downloading the data from a specialized website (www.sportmediaset.it). To determine which indicators were more related to the success, an additional variable constituted by the points of each team in the final ranking was included in the analysis.
The total variance explained was 74%. Six main factors were obtained as reported below (definitions, explained variance and the most representative variables are indicated)
1. “Playing in the wings” (15.8 %; crosses, corner kicks, territorial advantage)
2. “Control of the play” (15.7%; passess, ball possession, long passess)
3. “Success” (12.5%, goals scored, shots on goal, points in the final ranking)
4. “Aggressive play” (11.3%, won tackles, fouls suffered, dribblings)
5. “Failure” (9.7%, goals conceded, points in the final ranking – negatively correlated)
6. “Penalties” (9.2%, fouls committed, yellow cards received)
It is possibile to create a model of the game by projecting the results of all the matches on 3D plots representing the factorial axes, thus individuating the variables more related to the success or failure. By comparing one’s team data to those of the opponents, the coaches are allowed to determine specific strengths and weakness and develop the appropriate strategies for technical and tactical training.
Davies C et al. (2008), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII, 53-57
Lago C (2007), International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 7:36,47
Merni F et al. (2008), World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport VIII, 138-14
Height prediction in elite Italian rugby players: A prospective study
No full textObjectives: We investigated the validity of the Mirwald equation as an estimate of height in a cohort of rugby players. Methods: This was a prospective study with agreement analysis of height assessments conducted in 39 male youth rugby players (mean age 15.1 ± 0.9 years). During the 2007/2008 season, 151 young athletes were selected by rugby coaches using subjective decisions based on current performance and future potential. The rugby players were measured by physician experts and their height was estimated using the Mirwald formula (MF). Only 39 athletes were finally selected because they reached an elite level, allowing actual adult height to be collected from the official team websites in June 2018. Method agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient, regression, and plotted by Bland and Altman analysis. Results: Twenty athletes played in the Italian National team and 19 in the First Italian Division (Eccellenza). Overall, they presented an early maturation and the MF was able to accurately estimate height. The MF underestimated height (187.4–189.1 cm) and showed a high association with actual adult players' height (r = 0.925, P <.001). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the MF, whose estimation of stature is based on height, sitting height, body mass, and leg length is able to predict stature in rugby players
Cluster Analysis of Speed run, bounding run and skipping exercises
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to find analogies and differences among 3 different skills: speed run and two special exercises (bounding run and skipping).
Three correlation patterns have been created, each for one of the 3 skills, every pattern takes origin by multivariate analysis (cluster analysis), using the same 12 variables.
All these variables (spatial, temporal and kinematic) are relative to the Center of Mass (COM).
Eight athletes were analyzed and the system used to get the data was the Vicon Motion System (3D optoelectronics system).
The analysis has shown that only few variables of the 3 patterns are correlated in the same way, these few variables must to be taken into consideration to develop the running performance through these special exercises
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Read and Commit block in Volleyball
No full textA kinematical study of Read and Commit block in Volleyball
Introduction
Two tactic systems are used for blocking in volleyball: the Read Block System (RBS) or the Commit-Option Block System (CBS). In the RBS, the blocker starts close to the net looking to the opponent’s setter, ready to react to different types of set. In the CBS, the blockers has to follow the approach of the specific opposite hitter without worrying about the set. In both cases the key point for the effectiveness of the block is the lateral movement before the jump. Two types of footwork techniques are normally used: the Cross-over (CO) and the Slide Step (SS) 1,2. Previous studies jumping vertically showed significant differences between systems3. It’s the same after a lateral movement?
Methods
Subjects: 4 males elite level players were acquired by means of stereo-photogrammetry (6 cameras, 100 Hz frequency 16 markers). Simulating the RBS, players had to carry out block exercises as answer to a stimulus: an operator on the other side of the net moved a 2 markers stick up, right or left in order to simulate the possible sets in zone 2, 3 or 4. The player was prompt to react, reading the coach miming of the opponent set in all the three possible directions (left, right, or up) and then moved or jumped consequently. In the CBS, the player decided by himself when start. Three trials for each type of block were acquired. The best trials were identified from the maximum jump height reached. The following variables were selected: temporal phases of steps, elevation, knee flexion angles (at the countermovement). The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was performed to compare the two type of blocking techniques (α=0.05).
Results
No significant differences were found between the two tactic systems.
Discussion/Conclusion
Footwork techniques can be trained at the same time in order to be applied in both tactics. Thus, the difference in blocking performance seems to depend mostly by the decision making process and in the control of arms and hands when contacting the ball.
References
1. Cox R. H., Noble, L., & Johnson, R. E. (1982). RQES, 53 (2), pp. 101-107.
2. Buekers, M. J. (1991). RQES, 62 (2), 232-2
3. Lobietti R., Fantozzi S., Merni F. (2006) In: XXIV ISBS Congress Vol.1 pp. 151-15
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES AMONG CHILDREN OF MIDDLE SCHOOL ABOUT CLASS, GENDER, TOWN AND COUNTRY.
No full textIntroduction and objectives of the study
The Youth Game are an italian sport event that involved the student of the middle school in several sports and are a good chance to analyze and compare the performance of great sample. In this study the data of 3 official track and field competition are collected, in order to value the differences about age, gender, school and provenience country.
Methods
The analyzed competition were: 30m of sprint, long jump and vortex throw. Trials have been performed on official track and measurements have been collected from Track and field federation referees. Subjects participating to this study, attended the 1st and 2nd class of the middle school of Bologna and his province (age 12-13 years). Students have been compared about the class, gender, town (big=BT, middle=MT and little town school=LT) and Country (Italy=IT or Other=OT).In tab. 1 is described the sample size.
Tab. 1
NUMBER
Class Male Female TOTAL
1 216 220 436
2 91 75 166
TOTAL 307 295 602
Results
In tab. 2 are reported the means of the groups in the 3 trials.
SPRINT m/sec JUMP mt THROW mt
Class Male Female Male Female Male Female
1 5,30 5,22 2,86 2,58 23,62 14,44
2 5,55 5,37 3,11 2,82 27,76 16,04
The Statistical Analysis highlighted in all trials significant differences between genders and classes. In the comparison among schools, the only significant difference occur in the 2nd class student throw, where the ST schoolgirls achieve the best results. Between provenience country, the 1st class schoolgirls shows the only significant difference in sprint, where the IT girls run more quickly then the OT.
Conclusions
While the differences about gender and class were expectable, at the beginning of this study, a larger difference among the towns were expected; whereas the significant differences occur only in the 2nd class schoolgirls throw. In this case we can suppose that the LT girls can practice sport in a larger area and have more possibilities to play in the open air: in fact the trend shows best results in LT and MT also in long jump and sprint run. About the provenience country, it’s possible that the better social standing of IT parents lead daughters to be engaged in many activities and to spend more time to practice sport; so it’s possible to explain the best performance in sprint of the OT schoolgirls. An other step to master the research can be to identify the subject’s sport experience and TO study the influence on the mentioned data.
References
-Carbonaro A., Madella A., Manno F., Merni F., Mussino A. La valutazione nello sport dei giovani Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma (1998)
-Ward D., Saunders R., Pate R. Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents Human Kinetics (2007)
-Lea Lund J., Fortman Kirk M. Performance-Based Assessment for Middle and High School Physical Education Human Kinetics (2002
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