1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ceftaroline versus vancomycin in treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus meningitis in an experimental rabbit model
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmada tavşanda metisiline dirençli S. aureus kökeni ile (MRSA) oluşturulmuş deneysel menenjit modelinde seftarolin ve vankomisinin antibakteriyel etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Menenjit, standart ATCC 43300 MRSA kökeninin Yeni Zelanda tavşanlarının sisterna magnaları içine doğrudan inokülasyonu ile oluşturuldu. Tavşanlar 28 saatlik enkübasyon süresinin ardından kontrol, seftarolin ve vankomisin olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Seftarolin grubuna 10 mg/kg seftarolin (Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, Britanya) günde iki kez, vankomisin grubuna 20 mg/kg vankomisin (Koçak Farma, İstanbul, Türkiye) günde iki kez verildi, kontrol grubuna ilaç verilmedi. Tedaviye başlandıktan sonra sıfırıncı, 24. ve 73. saatlerde alınan BOS örneklerinden kantitatif kültür yapıldı. Yirmidördüncü ve 73. saatte alınan serum ve BOS örneklerinde biyolojik yöntemle ilaç seviyesi ölçümü yapıldı. Seftarolin ilaç düzeyi için, K. rhizophilia ATCC 9341 kökeni, vankomisin ilaç düzeyi için ise B. subtilis ATCC 6633 kökeni kullanıldı. Steril insan serumunda 0,2,4,6,8,12 ve 24. saatlerde in vitro zamana karşı öldürme verileri araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Yirmisekiz saatlik enkübasyon süresinin sonunda 47 tavşandan 30’u menenjit kriterlerini sağlıyordu. Alınan BOS örneklerindeki bakteri miktarları logaritma 10 cinsinden hesaplandığında enkübasyon süresinin sonunda kontrol grubunda 3,968±0,521 kob/mL, seftarolin grubunda 3,974±0,603 kob/mL, vankomisin grubunda 3,967±0,527 kob/mL bakteri vardı (p>0,05). Deney sırasında 24. saatte sağ kalan tavşanlar açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). Deney sonunda seftarolin ve vankomisin grupları ile kontrol grubu arasında sağkalım açısından anlamlı fark varken (p0,05). Tedavinin 24. saatinde BOS’daki bakteri miktarı tedavi gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde düştü (kontrol: 3,682±3,543 kob/mL, seftarolin: -2,608±3,279kob/mL, vankomisin: -2,167±3,612 kob/mL). Seftarolin ve vankomisin grupları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. BOS’da saptanabilir düzeyin üzerinde seftarolin (≥0,12 mg/L) saptanan tavşanlarda, seftarolinin BOS’a geçiş oranı %38.3 ile %70 arasında değişmekteydi (ortalama %51±15). Vankomisin (saptanabilir düzey: ≥0,5 mg/L) grubunda BOS’a geçiş oranı ise, ölçülebilen iki tavşanda %14,7 ve %35,5 idi. İn vitro zamana karşı öldürme verilerinde seftarolin vankomisine kıyasla daha kuvvetli bakterisidal etki göstermiş olsa da 24. saatin sonunda aradaki farkın nispeten kapandığı ve vankomisinin de en azından x10 MIC düzeyinde insan serumunu steril hale getirmeyi başardığı saptandı.
Sonuç: Bu bulgular MRSA ile oluşturulmuş tavşan menenjiti modelinde seftarolinin antibakteriyel etkinliğinin en az vankomisin kadar olduğunu düşündürmektedir.Aim: In this study it was aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of ceftarolin and vancomycin in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus meningitis in experimental rabbit meningitis model.
Method: Meningitis was induced by direct inoculation of ATCC 43300 MRSA strain into cisterna magna of New Zealand rabbits. After 28 hours of incubation, rabbits were divided into three groups as ceftaroline (S), vancomycin (V), and control (C) groups. The S group received 10 mg/kg ceftaroline (Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, UK) twice a day, the V group received 20 mg/kg vancomycin (Koçak Farma, Istanbul, Turkey) twice a day. The C group did not receive any treatment. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, which were obtained at the beginning, 24th and 73th hours of the treatment. CSF and serum drug levels were measured by bioassay technique in samples obtained at the 24th and 73th hour of the treatment. K. rhizophila ATCC 9341 strain was used for ceftaroline drug level, B. subtilis ATCC 6633 strain was used for vancomycin drug level. In vitro time-kill data were investigated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24th hours in sterile human serum.
Results: After 28 hours of incubation, 30 of 47 rabbits met the criteria of meningitis. There was no difference in the number of bacteria (calculated as log10) between the three groups at the beginning of the treatment (C: 3,968±0,521 cfu/mL, S: 3,974±0,603 cfu/mL, V: 3,967±0,527 cfu/mL, p>0,05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of surviving rabbits at 24th hour (p> 0,05). At the end of the experiment, there was a significant difference in survival between the ceftaroline, vancomycin and control groups but not between the two treatment groups (p> 0.05). At the 24th hour of treatment, bacterial count decreased significantly in both treatment groups compared to the control group (C: +3,682±3,543 cfu/mL, S: -2,608±3,279 cfu/mL, V: -2,167±3,612 cfu/mL, p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the S and the V groups. The CSF penetration rate of ceftaroline ranged from 38.3% to 70% (mean 51% ± 15%) in the rabbits with over the detection limit of bioassay (≥0,12 mg/L). whereas vancomycin penetration rate was 14.7% and 35.5% in the two rabbits with over the detection limit of bioassay. Although ceftaroline exhibited stronger bactericidal action than vancomycin in in vitro time-kill data, at the end of the 24-hour period the difference remained relatively unchanged and vancomycin was able to sterilize human serum at a level of at x10 MIC.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the antibacterial activity of both ceftaroline and vancomycin are similar in the treatment of MRSA meningitis in experimental rabbit model
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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