1,721,041 research outputs found
Perfecting Imperfect Duties via Institutionalization
No full textOnora O’Neill’s thesis that, in a world like ours, institutionalization is a necessary condition for the existence of typical universal welfare rights—the “institutionalization thesis” for short—has often been criticized. I believe that most of these criticisms fail to appreciate that the institutionalization thesis is based on her “classical” understanding of rights, which stresses the essential duty-implying character of rights. By and large, O’Neill’s thesis stands and falls with the classical theory of rights. My suggestion is, therefore, that what is really at issue between O’Neill and at least some of her critics is the proper understanding of the concept of a right
Du patriotisme allemand
No full textWieland , Merle Jean-Christophe, Thouard Denis, Bechtold Evelyne, Argelès Daniel, Kauffmann Elisabeth. Du patriotisme allemand. In: Cahiers de Fontenay, n°58-59, 1990. Philosophie et politique en Allemagne (XVIIIe -XXe siècle) pp. 19-28
The democraty and the war in the work of A. de Tocqueville
No full textDeux évidences traversent le discours politique d'aujourd'hui. D'une part, la « démocratie » représenterait le forme de société la plus légitime ou la plus émancipatrice possible, et d'autre part, la guerre serait désormais le signe patent d’un échec dans le traitement des différends entres États souverains. La thèse s'efforce d'extraire de l'œuvre de Tocqueville, des éléments de réponse à une triple interrogation. Quels sont les éléments culturels et institutionnels qui permettent d'appuyer l'idée, et que ratifie l'auteur, selon laquelle, une société démocratique serait pacifique ? Quels sont ensuite les facteurs, les tendances, les intérêts qui, à l'intérieur de ce type de société, peuvent perturber ou annuler ce pacifisme de départ ? Enfin, peut-on être sûr que la paix que proposent les démocraties ne dissimulerait-elle pas un potentiel d'aliénation bien pire que celle que la guerre génère évidemment ?Two obvious ideas cross the political speech of today. On one hand, the « democracy » would represent shape of the most justifiable society or most possible emancipator, and on the other hand, the war would be from now on the obvious sign of a failure in the treatment of the disputes enter sovereign States. The thesis tries hard to extract from the work of Tocqueville, from elements of answer to a triple interrogation. What are the cultural and institutional elements which allow to support the idea, and which ratifies the author, according to which, a democratic society would be paceful ? What are the factors, the trends, the interests chich, inside thos social structure, can disrupt or cancel this pacifism of departure ? Finally, we can be sure that the peace which propose the democracies it would note hide a potential of alienation much worse than the one that the war generates obvioulsy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
‘‘ ‘The Polluter Pays’: Backward-looking principles of intergenerational Justice and the environment
Full text linkThis paper provides theoretical support for two historical principles for the allocation of remedial responsibility for paying the costs of pollution caused by humans. These remedial principles are based upon particular forms of backward-looking connection with the pollution in question. The suggestion is that we can have reasons to pay the costs of pollution when we are members of communities which were responsible for the original polluting acts in question and/or which have benefited from the polluting acts. In seeking to provide support for backward-looking remedial duties, the paper aims to bolster understandings of the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility (CBDR) which place the primary burden of meeting the costs of pollution upon those communities which caused the pollution in the first place. Thus, in supporting the “beneficiary pays” principle in general, and the “polluter pays” principle in some cases, I challenge interpretations of CBDR which maintain that backward-looking principles are unfair, since they impose duties upon present day generations who were not themselves responsible for the polluting acts in question
Force and resistance in Hegel's political philosophy
No full textL’objet de la recherche est de développer une interprétation du couple conceptuel de « force » et de « résistance » comme déterminant de l’unité entre les deux grands domaines du Système de la Science de Hegel, celui de la logique et celui de l’histoire. Le point de départ du travail est l’ambition du projet hégélien qui vise à mettre en évidence la nécessité systématique et la cohérence historique de toute la réalité empirique. A travers tout le Système de la Science Hegel trace la montée d’un même esprit à travers les étapes d’un unique parcours dialectique. Le présupposé du projet est donc l’homogénéité conceptuelle des termes et la continuité du champ de l’objet. Le défi de Hegel consiste à relier, sous la même égide, tout ce qui est. L’hypothèse centrale de la recherche est que la dialectique hégélienne ne se laisse réduire ni à une logique purement métaphorique de « force » et de « résistance », ni à une logique purement physique ou mécanique de ce même couple. Cette hypothèse est conforme au projet de Hegel.The aim of the research is to develop an interpretation of the conceptual pair ‘force’ and ‘resistance’ as a determinant of the unity between to major areas of Hegel’s System of Science, namely, logic and history. The point of departure for the work is the ambition of the Hegelian project, which seeks to clarify the systematic necessity and historical coherence of all empirical reality. Hegel traces, across the entire System of Science, the ascension of a single spirit following all the stage of the dialectical progress. The presupposition of the Hegel project is the conceptual homogeneity of the terms and the continuity of the of object’s field. Hegel’s challenge consists of uniting under the egis, everything that exists. The central hypothesis of the research is that the Hegelian dialectic can neither be reduced to a purely metaphorical logic of ‘force’ and ‘resistance’, nor to a purely physical or mechanical logic of this pair. This hypothesis stands in conformity with Hegel’s project
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