1,720,983 research outputs found
Elucidating different aspects of speed of information processing: comparison of behavioral response latency and P300 latency in a modified Hick reaction time task
Full text linkThe aim of the present work was to get a more detailed understanding of the functional significance of the P300 latency. P300 latency is often used as measure of stimulus evaluation time. However, the interpretation of P300 latency as stimulus evaluation time was challenged by findings of a P300 latency sensitivity to response-related manipulations. In two studies with samples from two different countries, not only RT, but also P300 latency were used as measures of speed of information processing examining the Hick paradigm. P300 latency has been used as speed of information processing measure before, but to my knowledge never in the Hick task. The advantage of using the Hick paradigm is that the influence of response selection on P300 latency can be systematically investigated while keeping stimulus evaluation constant and minimal. Furthermore, a comparison of P300 latency and RT revealed some more information about the functionality of P300 latency. By contrasting both speed of information processing measures as predictors of intelligence, it was also investigated if RT and P300 latency explain common and/or unique parts of variance in intelligence. The present investigation replicated once more the increase of RT in dependence of the amount of bit of information that needs to be processed. Furthermore, in accordance with the mental speed approach of intelligence, participants with higher intelligence were performing faster in the Hick task than participants with lower intelligence levels. Moreover, this inverse relation between RT and intelligence was enhanced across complexity. In addition, the present work also revealed some new insights about the functional significance of P300 latency. These insights are the following:
1. A clear P300 component was elicited under all four bit conditions, including the 0 bit condition. This indicates that even in simple reaction time tasks some cognitive processing is activated. P300 is often associated with a context updating of the current mental representation in the working memory. Since each stimulus under the 0 bit condition is exactly the same as the previous one, present data suggests that P300 might
have other or additional functions than context updating. One alternative function could be a monitoring role, which is determining the stimulus-response association.
2. P300 latency did increase across bit conditions. This indicates that P300 latency is not only sensitive to manipulations that focus on stimulus evaluation, but also to manipulations focusing on response selection. This finding is not compatible with the idea of P300 latency as an index of stimulus evaluation time.
3. RT and P300 latency are often expected to capture the time of similar underlying processes. Indeed, P300 latency is, similar as RT, increasing across bit conditions. However, P300 latency and RT were not related. This suggests that P300 latency and RT are not reflecting the same aspects of speed of information processing. P300 latency might be proportional to stimulus evaluation time in task that focus on stimulus evaluation. But, as the current results show, it is probably determined by completely different processes than RT. Further research is needed to get a more complex pictures of the determinants of the P300 component.
4. The relation between P300 latency and intelligence is still not clear. Present data does not confirm the suggestion of Houlihan et al. (1998) that the relation of RT and intelligence might be partly mediated by response-related processes. However, there might be other factors like subjective task difficulty and complexity, or the subject’s strategy that play a significant role in individual differences in both, P300 latency and intelligence. Further research is needed to get a more complex pictures of these factors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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