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Watsonia meriana Mill.
No full textAntholyza meriana Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 863. 1759. ["Habitat ad Cap. b. spei?"] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 54 (1762). RCN: 313. Lectotype (Roux in J. S. African Bot. 46: 368. 1980): [icon] " Meriana flore rubello " in Trew, Pl. Select.: 11, t. 40. 1754 (see p. 128). Current name: Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill. (Iridaceae).Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 301, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.29197
Watsonia meriana (BOL0226566)
No full textKingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass: MonocotsOrder: AsparagalesFamily: IridaceaeScientific name: Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill.Specimen barcode: BOL022656
Watsonia meriana (BOL0226565)
No full textKingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass: MonocotsOrder: AsparagalesFamily: IridaceaeScientific name: Watsonia meriana (L.) Mill.Specimen barcode: BOL022656
Eulaema meriana alignments
No full textNexus files with sequence alignments for the seven genes (COI, Cytb, CAD, EF1a, EM8, EM70, EM106) analyzed for Eulaema meriana
Apis meriana Olivier 1789
No full textApis meriana Olivier, 1789 and Apis dimidiata Fabricius, 1793 Description of the NEOTYPE male (same specimen for both species) (Fig. 4): Measurements: total length ca. 26.0 mm; head width ca. 7.3 mm; eye length ca. 5.0 mm; scutellum width ca. 5.5 mm; scutellum length ca. 3.2 mm; abdominal width ca. 11.0 mm. Color and vestiture. Face and head entirely black (Fig. 4 C), mesosoma dark brown with black hairs, T 1 –T 4 dark with greenish metallic hues, first 2 / 3 of its length clothed in black setae and distal 1 / 3 clothed in yellow setae; T 5 –T 7 brown with predominantly long reddish setae (Fig. 4 A); fifth sternum with very sparse setae (Fig. 4 B). Legs. Velvet area of mesotibia not reaching the distal portion, leaving only a broad black area around; mesotibial tuft small, occupying the basal first quarter of the velvet area (Fig. 4 D); metatibia covered with very sparse black hairs. Diagnosis. Eulaema meriana is similar to the sympatric El. bombiformis (Packard, 1869). Nevertheless, they can easily be distinguished by the presence of dense setae on the fifth sternum of El. bombiformis, leaving only a glabrous median longitudinal line (only sparse and short setae on the fifth sternum in El. meriana).Published as part of Nemésio, André & Rasmussen, Claus, 2011, Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3006 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20341
Eulaema meriana Olivier 1789
No full text1. <i>Eulaema meriana</i> (Olivier, 1789) <p>(Figs 4 A–4D)</p> <p> <i>Apis meriana</i> Olivier, 1789.</p> <p> <i>Apis dimidiata</i> Fabricius, 1793.</p> <p> The original description of <i>Apis meriana</i> by Olivier (1789: 64) is as follows:</p> <p>“Abeille Mérian</p> <p> <i>Apis Meriana</i>. Nob.</p> <p> <i>Apis hirsuta, nigra, abdomine segmentorum marginibus pallidè flavis; ano rufo.</i> Nob. <i>Merian. Surin. pl.</i> 48.</p> <p> Cette <i>abeille</i> est une des plus grandes que nous connoissions. Ses antennes e sa tête sont noires. Les yeux sont bruns, e la trompe est plus longue que la moitié du corps. Le corcelet est noir e velu. L’abdomen est noir, avec le bord des quatre premiers anneaux d’un jaune pâle, e l’anus fauve. Les pattes sont noires, e los jambes postérieures sont très grosses. Les aîles supérieures sont noires, depuis la base jusque vers leur milieu; le reste est transparent. Les aîles inférieures sont obscures; leur pointe seulement est transparent.</p> <p> Cette <i>abeille</i> se trouve à Cayenne e à Surinam: elle m’a été communiquée par M. Renaud, docteur en Médicine.”</p> <p> The textual description refers to the bee currently known as <i>Eulaema meriana</i> or to one very similar <i>Eulaema</i> (<i>Eulaema</i>), with metasoma clothed in black and yellow setae on the first terga and in red setae on the last terga (“ano rufo”). Based on this description and on Fabricius’s (1793) description of <i>Apis dimidiata</i>, Moure (1960b) reached the conclusion that both species were the same, and established the synonymy of the latter under the former. The nomen <i>Apis meriana</i> was largely ignored for more than 170 years; the nomen <i>Eulaema dimidiata</i> being the only one used to refer to the bee we now call <i>Eulaema meriana</i> until 1960, when Moure introduced the synonymy. Nevertheless, Moure (1960b) gave no reason for establishing this synonymy. He stated that “probably the type specimen of Olivier was destroyed” (Moure 1960b: 146). As Nemésio (2009a: 163) noticed, J.S. Moure was ambivalent concerning the nature of the synonymy between <i>El. meriana</i> and <i>El. dimidiata</i>, because in his first work (Moure 1960b), he gave the impression that there were two onomatophores, one for each species (which would result in a subjective synonymy), but in his next work on this subject (Moure 2003: 34), he considered that Olivier’s (1789) and Fabricius’s (1793) descriptions were based on the <i>same</i> specimen (a primary objective synonymy). In his latter work, Moure insisted that the specimen was lost (Moure 2003).</p> <p> Here, we intend to show both nomina were erected based on different specimens and that the nomen <i>Apis meriana</i> would partially refer, in fact, to the bee currently known as <i>Eulaema polyzona</i> (Mocsáry, 1897) (Fig. 3).</p> <p> Maria Sybilla Merian made several records and illustrations on insects from Suriname and published a detailed report of her findings in 1705. On her plate 48 (here reproduced as Fig. 2) she illustrated two Coleoptera, two lepidopteran caterpillars, and one bee. This bee was specifically and explicitly indicated by Olivier (1789) as one of the specimens upon which he based his description of <i>Apis meriana</i> (“Abeille Mérian”, honoring M. S. Merian), even though the textual description does not entirely match the illustration. The first point to be made clear is that this indication, under the modern <i>Code</i>, is a valid one (if made before 1930, as happens to be the case) and could explicitly establish the onomatophore of the species. As there is a single bee illustrated [although it could be argued that Merian (1705: 48) interpreted one of the caterpillars as the larval stage of the bee—see below, Olivier (1789) was clearly referring to the bee] this specimen must be interpreted as one of the “ type specimens”. Article 73.1.4 of the <i>Code</i> clearly apply to this situation, stating that the “designation of an illustration of a single specimen as a holotype is to be treated as designation of the specimen illustrated; <b>the fact that the specimen no longer exists or cannot be traced does not of itself invalidate the designation</b> ” (our bold).</p> <p> In addition, it is also clear from Olivier’s text that he saw at least one specimen of the bee we currently treat as <i>Eulaema meriana</i> (or a similar species), and probably this specimen was brought to him by Mr. Renaud. Olivier (1789) did not explicitly write it, but there was no type concept at that time and we argue here that this specimen should be considered as part of the type series, which would result (together with Merian’s plate) in a syntypic series. Moreover, it is uncertain if Moure (2003) was correct, speculating that Olivier (1789) and Fabricius (1793) based their description on the same specimen (although Olivier helped Fabricius with specimens; see Hope 1845). Olivier’s type specimens are the bee illustrated by Merian (1705) and the specimen brought to him by Renaud (now lost), whereas Fabricius’s type specimen is a bee originally deposited at Bosc’s Collection [Renaud’s specimens are apparently not known to be in the Bosc Collection], as explicitly indicated by Fabricius (1793: 316). This latter bee is considered lost since Moure (1960b) and, recently, a search for this specimen carried out by the curator of the Hymenopteran collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, where Bosc’s Collection is deposited, has been unsuccessful (Nemésio 2009a: 163). Therefore, we reiterate the remark of this specimen presently being lost.</p>Published as part of <i>Nemésio, André & Rasmussen, Claus, 2011, Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3006</i> on pages 5-6, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/203410">10.5281/zenodo.203410</a>
Isolation and cross-species characterization of polymorphic microsatellites for the orchid bee Eulaema meriana (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)
Full text linkWe describe and characterize eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for the orchid bee species Eulaema meriana, an abundant species and important pollinator in wet lowland forests in tropical America. We also tested the cross-species amplification of these microsatellite loci in seven other species of the genus Eulaema. For E. meriana, number of alleles per locus ranged from four to nine and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.377 to 0.854. Seven out of the eight loci described amplified in all seven other Eulaema species. These microsatellite loci will be of practical use for population structure, mating system and inbreeding studies in euglossine bees
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN DAN PERAN AUDIT INTERNAL TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH (Studi Kasus pada Pemerintah Kota Sukabumi)
Full text linkMerra Meriana (1530611036) Muhammadiyah University Sukabumi. Effect of the Implementation of Government Accounting Standards and the Role of Internal Audit on the Quality of Local Government Financial Reports. Case study at the Regional Police Work Unit (SKPD) in the city of Sukabumi. Advisor I Gatot Wahyu Nugroho, M.Ak ,. CA in Advisor II Idang Nurodin., S.Ip.,MM
This study aims to determine the Effect of the Application of Government Accounting Standards and the Role of Internal Audit on the Quality of Financial Statements of the Regional Government of Sukabumi City. Varaibel used in this study is the Application of Government Accounting Standards, the Role of Internal Audit, and the Quality of Local Government Financial Reports. The method used to use quantitative methods with an associative approach.
The sample in this study was employees of the Regional Work Unit (SKPD) especially in the field of finance or accounting with a number of samples of 53 respondents. Data analysis used the SPSS version 24 program. The analysis used to test the hypothesis was multiple linear regression analysis.
The results of this study that the application of accounting standards has a significant effect on the quality of local government financial reports. The role of the internal audit has a significant effect on the quality of local government financial reports.
Determination coefficient shows the influence of the Implementation of Accounting Standards and the Role of Internal Audit on the Quality of the Financial Statements of the Local Government of Sukabumi City is 61.8% and the remaining 29.2%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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