1,721,047 research outputs found
Use of Ultrasonic Energy in Dyeing of Microfiber
No full textIn recent years, dyeing kinetics in dyeing of polyamide microfiber become more important in recent years due to its use in textile industry and its functional features, with C.I. reactive yellow 39. C.I. reactive red 84 and C.I. reactive blue 69 was studied and conventional dyeing method and the method in which ultrasonic energy is used were compared from the point of view of dye uptake %, dyestuff amount, which moves away during washing, fixation %, significant rate, half-dyeing time, standard affinity and diffusion coefficient. Also, the samples, which had been dyed by using conventional and ultrasonic methods, were compared with washing, light, perspiration and rubbing fastness as well as the values of Delta E*, Delta L*, Delta a* and Delta b*, which were obtained from colourimetric measurements
Research into the specifications of woven composites obtained from raffia fibers pretreated using the ecological method
No full textStudies on using cellulosic natural fibers as reinforcement for composites are rapidly growing. The aim of this study is using a raffia-based woven fabric as reinforcement for composites that are grown in the Mediterranean Zone of Turkey. These fabrics benefit from their mechanical performances, low density and their biodegradability. However, it is necessary for the fabrics to form adhesion in the matrix. Therefore, chemical processes should be applied onto the surface of the raffia-based woven fabrics. In this study, three different formulations (different concentrations of maleic anhydride, formic acid and acetic acid) were applied by using conventional and microwave energy on the raffia fabrics. At the end of the application, composite structures were formed by using the fabric as the reinforcement layer and isophtalic polyester as the matrix by the vacuum infusion method. The composite structures were characterized by attenuated total reflectance scanning electron microscope analysis and their mechanical tests were performed through tensile testing. Considering all results, the combination of acetic acid with the microwave process was found to modify the raffia fabric surfaces
Investigation of the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of isotactic polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate polymer blends and their fibers
No full textIn order to improve the functionality of certain defective characteristics of polypropylene polymer and fiber, their blends are analyzed physically and chemically both in the industry and the academia. There are fibers obtained from two different polymer blends and additive-added fibers in the polypropylene fiber industry. The aim of this study is to obtain polymer blends and their fibers, which consist of isotactic polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene. In order to improve the blending of isotactic polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate was added in the blend at different concentration such as 1, 5, 10, and 15% by using a twin-screw extruder. Polymer blends and their fibers were produced from the blends with different ratios of blending. Besides, the mechanical properties including strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, yield of strength, Izod impact strength, hardness, thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry and melt flow index), and morphological properties (scanning electron microscopy) of polymer blends and their fibers were investigated
Effects of environmental surface modification methods on physical properties of hemp fibers
No full textIn this study, hemp fibers have been pre-treated with laccase enzyme in different concentrations (1 %, 2 % and 3 % w/v) for different durations using conventional, ultrasonic energy and microwave energy methods. Weight loss (%), tensile strength, elongation (%), whiteness (%), and surface topography (SEM) properties of pre-treated hemp fibers were investigated. After processing with laccase enzyme, the energy consumptions of these three methods were compared. Best results have been obtained in 20 minutes with the conventional method, 5 minutes with the ultrasonic energy method, and 1 minute with the microwave energy method. With laccase enzyme, microwave treated hemp fibers were improved after 3 minutes treatment. SEM results have also proved the improved physical properties and color changes due to the rough surface structure
Ultrasonic energy utilization in implementation uv absorbers to cotton fabrics
No full textClothing provides protection against the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. However the protection provided is not sufficient in some cases. UV absorbers are used to reduce the fiber damage and to reduce fading away colours of dyestuffs fixed in the material caused by UV radiation, as well as those can also be applied especially to the textiles for protecting the people who are being or working in outdoor areas against UV radiation. In this study, the ultrasonic energy sources are utilized in the implementation of UV absorbers to cotton fabrics, based on the cavitation effect of ultrasonic energy it creates in liquid environment. In the study, 100 % cotton woven fabrics have been dyed with Remazol blue RR (DyStar) having 0.2 % colour intensity and after dyeing different concentrations [1, 2, 3 and 4 %] UV absorbers were applied to differently liquored fabrics by conventional ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic bath methodologies. The effects of ultrasonic energy, ultraviolet protection factor values, protection against UV radiation categories and DE*, DL*, DC* and DH* colour values and fastness properties were compared in terms of method
Impacts of Ultrasonic Energy on Washability, Sewability and Colour Properties of Materials in Enzymatic Process
No full textThe short fibers on the cellulosic materials are removed by bio-processing and thus smoothing the surface. Within the scope of this study, materials on which cellulase enzyme was applied were washed through the ultrasonic probe method following bio-processing. Comparisons in terms of weight loss, whiteness levels and colour measures and changes of fabrics used in the study were carried out. Washing, rubbing, perspiration and Light fastness, pilling and stitching resistance and slipping properties of materials were also observed
Dyeing of Polypropylene Blends by Using Microwave Energy
No full textIn this work, C.I. Disperse Blue 79 was used to dye 100 % isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibers, the most widely used fiber in the industry, 100 % linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer fibers and ternary polymer blends obtained from four different proportions of these polymer fibers with an elastomer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) in the absence and presence of microwave. The samples were tested for color measurement, color fastness, mechanical and morphological properties. The results of the investigation show that addition of up to 15% EVA in ternary polymer blends results in good color and mechanical properties for both dyeing methods in both the absence and presence of microwave energy. The SEM images indicate there is no porosity on the surfaces of the iPP/LLDPE/EVA ternary polymer blends dyed in the presence of microwave energy. Using microwave energy for dyeing provided a saving of almost 90% of the time normally required and thus a significant amount of energy
Dyeing of Polypropylene Blends by Using Microwave Energy
No full textIn this work, C.I. Disperse Blue 79 was used to dye 100 % isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibers, the most widely used fiber in the industry, 100 % linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer fibers and ternary polymer blends obtained from four different proportions of these polymer fibers with an elastomer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) in the absence and presence of microwave. The samples were tested for color measurement, color fastness, mechanical and morphological properties. The results of the investigation show that addition of up to 15% EVA in ternary polymer blends results in good color and mechanical properties for both dyeing methods in both the absence and presence of microwave energy. The SEM images indicate there is no porosity on the surfaces of the iPP/LLDPE/EVA ternary polymer blends dyed in the presence of microwave energy. Using microwave energy for dyeing provided a saving of almost 90% of the time normally required and thus a significant amount of energy
Effect of the Ecological Methods on the Surface Modification of the Kenaf Fibers
No full textKenaf is a biodegradable and environmental friendly bast fibre. The most rapidly expanding application field for kenaf fibre is composites as reinforcing material. In this study four different chemical treatments were applied to kenaf fibre by using conventional, ultrasonic and microwave methods. Weight loss, tensile strength, elongation properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) and FTIR analysis of the treated kenaf fibre were carried out. Valuable results were obtained from formic acid and acetic acid treatments of kenaf fibre by ultrasonic and microwave methods. The reasons for the ultrasonic and microwave processes to be successful are the strength achieved by sonication and microwave
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