1,721,057 research outputs found
Editorial: Advances in therapeutic drug monitoring of psychiatric subjects: Analytical strategies and clinical approaches
Full text linkDespite the long and sometimes enthusing history of pharmacological therapy in psychiatry, the hard truth is that unfortunately a quite large percentage of patients is still not responding, or poorly responding, to treatment, leading to many life years lost to disability, many lost lives, and an immeasurable amount of suffering from patients, relatives, friends, and caregivers alike. Thus, any scientific advance and any practice that could lead to even a slight increase in psychiatric therapy effectiveness would also bring with them enormous benefits for both citizens and healthcare institutions. It is a strong conviction, after many years of practice and study, that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is one of these practices, one that is continually advancing and progressing both from the analytical and clinical points of view, toward the final goal of better, personalized, precision medicine
Quantitative microsampling for bioanalytical applications related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Usefulness, benefits and pitfalls
No full textThe multiple pathological effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and its total novelty, mean that currently a lot of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, established and tentative alike, are needed to treat patients in a timely, effective way. In order to make these tools more reliable, faster and more feasible, biological fluid microsampling techniques could provide many advantages. In this review, the most important microsampling techniques are considered (dried matrix spots, volumetric absorptive microsampling, microfluidics and capillary microsampling, solid phase microextraction) and their respective advantages and disadvantages laid out. Moreover, currently available microsampling applications of interest for SARS-CoV-2 therapy are described, in order to make them as much widely known as possible, hopefully providing useful information to researchers and clinicians alike
HPLC analysis of the novel antidepressant duloxetine in human plasma after an original solid-phase extraction procedure
No full textHPLC analysis of the antidepressant trazodone and its main metabolite m-CPP in human plasma
No full textThe present paper deals with the development of a rapid and feasible high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of trazodone and its main active metabolite 3-(1-clorophenyl)piperazine (m-CPP) in human plasma. Trazodone is a second-generation antidepressant with serotonin antagonist activity. The metabolite seems to be involved in the onset of some side effects of trazodone therapy, thus its determination is very important during therapeutic drug monitoring. Separation was achieved using a C8 reversed-phase column and a mobile phase composed of aqueous phosphate buffer (70%), containing triethylamine, at pH 3.5 and acetonitrile (30%). The UV detector was set at 255 nm and loxapine was used as the internal standard. An original pre-treatment procedure of plasma samples was developed, based on solid-phase extraction with C8 reversed phase cartridges (50mg, 1 mL). The obtained extraction yields values were higher than 90% and precision, expressed as R.S.D., was lower than 5.6%. The method was successfully applied to plasma samples from depressed patients undergoing therapy with trazodone; accuracy results were satisfactory (recovery >91%). Thus, the method seems to be suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring of trazodone and its main active metabolite in depressed patients' plasma
HPLC analysis of the novel antidepressant duloxetine in human plasma after an original solid-phase extraction procedure
No full textDuloxetine is the most recent serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drug introduced for the therapy of depression. Thus, it is evident that there is a need for having on hand new reliable analytical methods for the determination of duloxetine plasma levels in depressed patients. The present paper deals with the development of a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for duloxetine analysis in human plasma. The assays were carried out using a C8 reversed-phase column and a mobile phase composed of 60% aqueous phosphate buffer containing triethylamine at pH 3.0 and 40% acetonitrile. The UV detector was set at 230 nm and loxapine was used as the internal standard. An original pre-treatment of plasma samples was developed, based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with mixed-mode reversed phase-strong cation exchange cartridges (30 mg, 1 mL). The extraction yields values were higher than 90%. Linearity was found in the 2-200 ng mL(-1) duloxetine concentration range; the limit of quantitation was 2.0 ng mL(-1) and the limit of detection was 0.7 ng mL(-1). The method was applied to plasma samples from depressed patients undergoing therapy with duloxetine. Precision data and accuracy results were satisfactory and no interference from other drugs was found. Thus, the method seems to be suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring of duloxetine in depressed patients' plasm
Simultaneous HPLC-F analysis of three recent antiepileptic drugs in human plasma
No full textAn original high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection is presented for the simultaneous determination of the three antiepileptic drugs gabapentin, vigabatrin and topiramate in human plasma. After pre-column derivatisation with dansyl chloride, the analytes were separated on a Hydro-RP column with a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer (55%) and acetonitrile (45%) and detected at lambda(em)=500 nm, exciting at 300 nm. An original pre-treatment procedure on biological samples, based on solid-phase extraction with MCX cartridges for gabapentin and vigabatrin, and with Plexa cartridges for topiramate, gave high extraction yields (>91%), satisfactory precision (RSD91%). Therefore, the method seems to be suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of patients treated with gabapentin, vigabatrin and topiramat
Separation and HPLC analysis of 15 benzodiazepines in human plasma
No full textBenzodiazepines (BZDs) are often prescribed to schizophrenic or depressed patients, as a part of polypharmacy regimens. An HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 15 BZDs in human plasma. Separation was obtained by using a C8 RP column and a mobile phase composed of 65% aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 3.0 and 35% ACN. The UV detector was set at 220 nm and clomipramine was used as the internal standard. A careful pretreatment procedure of plasma samples was developed, using SPE with C1 cartridges, which gives high extraction yields (> 97%). The LOQs were always lower than 7.6 ng/mL and the LODs always lower than 2.6 ng/mL for all analytes. The method was successfully applied to plasma samples from depressed and schizophrenic patients undergoing polypharmacy with one or more BZDs. Precision data, as well as accuracy results, were satisfactory and no interference from other drugs was found. Hence, the method seems to be suitable for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of patients undergoing therapy with one or more BZD
Threat or treat: Exposure assessment and risk characterisation of chemical contaminants in soft drinks and chocolate bars in various Polish population age groups
Full text linkIn the frame of the European Food Risk Assessment (EU-FORA) fellowship programme, two studies on chemical contaminants in food matrices were carried out in Warsaw, Poland, at the Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology. The first study addressed health concerns about the dietary exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contamination due to consumption of soft drink by Polish population. BPA is an organic additive used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics and because of this it is used in the internal coating of cans and in plastic bottle production. Depending on several factors, BPA can migrate from these materials to the soft drink and so, it can be ingested by consumers causing hormonal and reproductive disorders. To estimate the Polish population exposure to BPA, several soft drinks belonging to different brands were purchased from a supermarket in the city of Warsaw and analysed. The result of the analysis highlight that mean BPA exposure in the Polish population exceeds the tolerable daily intake proposed by the EFSA scientific opinion, raising health concerns. On the other hand, the second study, focused on cadmium exposure due to chocolate consumption by Polish population, did not raise any health concern. Cadmium is a heavy metal that naturally occurs in its inorganic form in the environment and its presence in chocolate derives only from the cocoa beans and not from contamination during processing. Its accumulation in the human body can create several adverse effects, including renal dysfunction and failure. To estimate the Polish population exposure to cadmium, several chocolate bars were purchased from a supermarket in the city of Warsaw and analysed. The results of the analysis show that cadmium exposure in the Polish population does not exceed the tolerable weekly intake proposed by the EFSA scientific opinion
- …
