177,742 research outputs found
Thoré & Merckx, 2023 (Journal of Fish Biology)
No full textDatasets (egg deposition of breeding pairs in long and wide data format, habitat choice, and egg deposition of social groups), including R script and corresponding read-me file for Thoré, E., & W. Merckx. 2023. Substrate colour guides turquoise killifish's (Nothobranchius furzeri) choice of preferred spawning habitat. Journal of Fish Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15392 </p
Water repellence and soil aggregate dynamics in a loamy grassland soil as affected by texture
No full textDe Gryze, S.; Jassogne, L.; Bossuyt, H.; Six, J.; Merckx, R
Data for Water deficit and potassium affect carbon isotope composition in cassava bulk leaf material and extracted carbohydrates
No full textThis repository contains data and scripts to reproduce results that are presented in the manuscript: Van Laere, J., Merckx, R., Hood-Nowotny, R., Dercon, G. (2023) Water deficit and potassium affect carbon isotope composition in cassava bulk leaf material and extracted carbohydrates. Front. Plant Sci. 14:1222558 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.122255
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Moth abundance changes and consequent bottom-up effects on birds in boreal forests
No full textAbstract
Many insect populations are declining, although the exact details of the magnitude and geographic spread of these declines are still unknown. Considering how insects are vital for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, evidence of widespread declines has raised concern about cascading effects across trophic levels. The boreal forests of Finland, sources of high-quality long-term monitoring data, offer an ideal setting to expand insect abundance research and explore how climate and environmental change affect insect populations and their trophic interactions. My aim is to investigate (I) how the biomass of moths has changed over time and which ecological and life-history traits could explain these trends, (II) whether moth biomass has a bottom-up effect on insectivorous forest birds at the functional group level, and (III) whether such bottom-up effects can be detected at the species level. I used state-of-the-art joint dynamic species distribution models (JDSDMs) to address the aims. My results suggest that: (I) there has been no decline in the total biomass of moth functional groups across Finland in the past 27 years. Instead, biomass remained stable for most groups, while several were increasing. There was also considerable geographical variation in abundance trends. (II) Abundance fluctuations of insectivorous forest birds were positively associated with fluctuations in moth biomass, particularly among early-season moths in the north-boreal zone, where seasonal constraints on breeding are most pronounced. These bottom-up effects were observed for birds that were residents or long-distance migrants. The strength of these associations declined towards the south, indicating regional variation in the strength of trophic interactions. (III) At the species level, moth bottom-up effects on birds were generally weak and inconsistent, with a few weak but biologically meaningful patterns emerging in the north-boreal zone. The unexpectedly weak bottom-up effects indicate that forest birds may possess greater foraging flexibility and resilience than previously assumed, enabling them to cope with fluctuations in specific prey resources. This dissertation emphasizes how integrating long-term biodiversity datasets can reveal community-level trophic interactions and provide new opportunities for understanding the effects of global change on ecosystem functioning. Original papers Yazdanian, M., Kankaanpää, T., Itämies, J., Leinonen, R., Merckx, T., Pöyry, J., Sihvonen, P., Suuronen, A., Välimäki, P., & Kivelä, S. M. (2023). Ecological and life‐history traits predict temporal trends in biomass of boreal moths. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 16(5), 600–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12657 https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12657 Self-archived version Yazdanian, M., Kankaanpää, T., Merckx, T., Huikkonen, I., Itämies, J., Jokimäki, J., Lehikoinen, A., Leinonen, R., Pöyry, J., Sihvonen, P., Suuronen, A., Välimäki, P., & Kivelä, S. M. (2024). Evidence for bottom‐up effects of moth abundance on forest birds in the north‐boreal zone alone. Ecology Letters, 27(12), e14467. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14467 https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14467 Self-archived version Yazdanian, M., Kankaanpää, T., Merckx, T., Huikkonen, I. M., Itämies, J., Jokimäki, J., Lehikoinen, A., Leinonen, R., Pöyry, J., Sihvonen, P., Suuronen, A., Välimäki, P., & Kivelä, S. M. (2024). Assessment of bottom-up effects of moths on population dynamics of forest birds. Manuscript in preparation. Tiivistelmä
Hyönteispopulaatioiden on maailmanlaajuisesti havaittu taantuneen voimakkaasti. Koska hyönteiset suorittavat kriittisiä toimintoja maaekosysteemeissä, havainnot niiden laajamittaisesta vähenemisestä ovat herättäneet huolta mahdollisista trofiatasojen välisistä kerrannaisvaikutuksista. Tästä huolimatta tiedot hyönteisrunsauksien pitkäaikaismuutoksista tai niiden vaikutuksista ovat puutteellisia jopa hyönteistuntemukseltaan edistyksellisessä pohjolassa. Suomen boreaalisista metsistä kerättyjen pitkien seuranta-aineistojen avulla voidaan tutkia ilmaston- ja ympäristönmuutosten vaikutuksia hyönteisrunsauksiin ja hyönteisten rooleihin ravintoverkoissa. Tutkin (I) miten yöperhosten biomassa on muuttunut viime vuosikymmeninä, sekä mitkä ekologiset- tai elinkierto-ominaisuudet selittävät lajienvälisiä eroja runsausmuutoksissa; (II) säätelevätkö yöperhosryhmien runsausvaihtelut metsälintujen pesimätiheyksiä, kun tarkastellaan lintuja joko niiden lajiominaisuuksien perusteella ryhmiteltyinä, tai (III) lajikohtaisesti. Käytin yhteisöekologian uusimpia ja väkevimpiä työkaluja, dynaamisia lajien yhteisesiintymismalleja (JDSDM). Tulosteni mukaan (I) minkään tutkimani yöperhosryhmän kokonaisbiomassa ei ole vähentynyt koko Suomen mittakaavassa viimeisten 27 vuoden aikana. Perhosryhmien sisällä tiheysmuutoksissa oli kuitenkin suurtakin maantieteellistä vaihtelua. (II) Yöperhosten, ja etenkin kasvukauden alussa toukkana esiintyvien lajien runsausvaihtelut selittivät seuraavan vuoden lintujen pesimätiheyksiä varsinkin pohjoisboreaalisella metsävyöhykkeellä. Yöperhosravinnon saatavuus vaikutti etenkin paikkalintujen sekä pitkänmatkan muuttajien pesimätiheyksiin. Vaikutusten heikkeneminen siirryttäessä eteläisemmille vyöhykkeille osoittaa maantieteellistä muuntelua ravintoverkkovuorovaikutusten voimakkuuksissa. (III) Yöperhosravinnon saatavuuden vaikutukset yksittäisten lintulajien pesimätiheyksiin olivat pääasiassa heikkoja ja epäjohdonmukaisia, muutamia pohjoisboreaalisella alueella havaittuja biologisesti mielekkäitä yhteyksiä lukuun ottamatta. Voimakkaiden yhteyksien puuttuminen voi tarkoittaa, että metsälinnut saattavat olla ravinnonhankinnassaan joustavampia kuin on yleisesti ajateltu, mikä helpottaisi niitä selviämään tiettyjen saaliseläinten runsausnotkahduksista. Tämä väitöstutkimus korostaa kuinka yhdistelemällä seuranta-aineistoja voimme paljastaa, miten lajienväliset vuorovaikutukset vaikuttavat eliöyhteisöjen muuttumiseen maailmanlaajuisten ympäristömuutosten seurauksena. Osajulkaisut Yazdanian, M., Kankaanpää, T., Itämies, J., Leinonen, R., Merckx, T., Pöyry, J., Sihvonen, P., Suuronen, A., Välimäki, P., & Kivelä, S. M. (2023). Ecological and life‐history traits predict temporal trends in biomass of boreal moths. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 16(5), 600–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12657 https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12657 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Yazdanian, M., Kankaanpää, T., Merckx, T., Huikkonen, I., Itämies, J., Jokimäki, J., Lehikoinen, A., Leinonen, R., Pöyry, J., Sihvonen, P., Suuronen, A., Välimäki, P., & Kivelä, S. M. (2024). Evidence for bottom‐up effects of moth abundance on forest birds in the north‐boreal zone alone. Ecology Letters, 27(12), e14467. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14467 https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14467 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Yazdanian, M., Kankaanpää, T., Merckx, T., Huikkonen, I. M., Itämies, J., Jokimäki, J., Lehikoinen, A., Leinonen, R., Pöyry, J., Sihvonen, P., Suuronen, A., Välimäki, P., & Kivelä, S. M. (2024). Assessment of bottom-up effects of moths on population dynamics of forest birds. Manuscript in preparation. Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the OP-Pohjola auditorium (L6), Linnanmaa, on 22 August 2025, at 12 noonAbstract
Many insect populations are declining, although the exact details of the magnitude and geographic spread of these declines are still unknown. Considering how insects are vital for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, evidence of widespread declines has raised concern about cascading effects across trophic levels. The boreal forests of Finland, sources of high-quality long-term monitoring data, offer an ideal setting to expand insect abundance research and explore how climate and environmental change affect insect populations and their trophic interactions. My aim is to investigate (I) how the biomass of moths has changed over time and which ecological and life-history traits could explain these trends, (II) whether moth biomass has a bottom-up effect on insectivorous forest birds at the functional group level, and (III) whether such bottom-up effects can be detected at the species level. I used state-of-the-art joint dynamic species distribution models (JDSDMs) to address the aims. My results suggest that: (I) there has been no decline in the total biomass of moth functional groups across Finland in the past 27 years. Instead, biomass remained stable for most groups, while several were increasing. There was also considerable geographical variation in abundance trends. (II) Abundance fluctuations of insectivorous forest birds were positively associated with fluctuations in moth biomass, particularly among early-season moths in the north-boreal zone, where seasonal constraints on breeding are most pronounced. These bottom-up effects were observed for birds that were residents or long-distance migrants. The strength of these associations declined towards the south, indicating regional variation in the strength of trophic interactions. (III) At the species level, moth bottom-up effects on birds were generally weak and inconsistent, with a few weak but biologically meaningful patterns emerging in the north-boreal zone. The unexpectedly weak bottom-up effects indicate that forest birds may possess greater foraging flexibility and resilience than previously assumed, enabling them to cope with fluctuations in specific prey resources. This dissertation emphasizes how integrating long-term biodiversity datasets can reveal community-level trophic interactions and provide new opportunities for understanding the effects of global change on ecosystem functioning.Tiivistelmä
Hyönteispopulaatioiden on maailmanlaajuisesti havaittu taantuneen voimakkaasti. Koska hyönteiset suorittavat kriittisiä toimintoja maaekosysteemeissä, havainnot niiden laajamittaisesta vähenemisestä ovat herättäneet huolta mahdollisista trofiatasojen välisistä kerrannaisvaikutuksista. Tästä huolimatta tiedot hyönteisrunsauksien pitkäaikaismuutoksista tai niiden vaikutuksista ovat puutteellisia jopa hyönteistuntemukseltaan edistyksellisessä pohjolassa. Suomen boreaalisista metsistä kerättyjen pitkien seuranta-aineistojen avulla voidaan tutkia ilmaston- ja ympäristönmuutosten vaikutuksia hyönteisrunsauksiin ja hyönteisten rooleihin ravintoverkoissa. Tutkin (I) miten yöperhosten biomassa on muuttunut viime vuosikymmeninä, sekä mitkä ekologiset- tai elinkierto-ominaisuudet selittävät lajienvälisiä eroja runsausmuutoksissa; (II) säätelevätkö yöperhosryhmien runsausvaihtelut metsälintujen pesimätiheyksiä, kun tarkastellaan lintuja joko niiden lajiominaisuuksien perusteella ryhmiteltyinä, tai (III) lajikohtaisesti. Käytin yhteisöekologian uusimpia ja väkevimpiä työkaluja, dynaamisia lajien yhteisesiintymismalleja (JDSDM). Tulosteni mukaan (I) minkään tutkimani yöperhosryhmän kokonaisbiomassa ei ole vähentynyt koko Suomen mittakaavassa viimeisten 27 vuoden aikana. Perhosryhmien sisällä tiheysmuutoksissa oli kuitenkin suurtakin maantieteellistä vaihtelua. (II) Yöperhosten, ja etenkin kasvukauden alussa toukkana esiintyvien lajien runsausvaihtelut selittivät seuraavan vuoden lintujen pesimätiheyksiä varsinkin pohjoisboreaalisella metsävyöhykkeellä. Yöperhosravinnon saatavuus vaikutti etenkin paikkalintujen sekä pitkänmatkan muuttajien pesimätiheyksiin. Vaikutusten heikkeneminen siirryttäessä eteläisemmille vyöhykkeille osoittaa maantieteellistä muuntelua ravintoverkkovuorovaikutusten voimakkuuksissa. (III) Yöperhosravinnon saatavuuden vaikutukset yksittäisten lintulajien pesimätiheyksiin olivat pääasiassa heikkoja ja epäjohdonmukaisia, muutamia pohjoisboreaalisella alueella havaittuja biologisesti mielekkäitä yhteyksiä lukuun ottamatta. Voimakkaiden yhteyksien puuttuminen voi tarkoittaa, että metsälinnut saattavat olla ravinnonhankinnassaan joustavampia kuin on yleisesti ajateltu, mikä helpottaisi niitä selviämään tiettyjen saaliseläinten runsausnotkahduksista. Tämä väitöstutkimus korostaa kuinka yhdistelemällä seuranta-aineistoja voimme paljastaa, miten lajienväliset vuorovaikutukset vaikuttavat eliöyhteisöjen muuttumiseen maailmanlaajuisten ympäristömuutosten seurauksena
Van de Broek et al. (2016) Controls on soil organic carbon stocks in tidal marshes along a salinity gradient, Biogeosciences, supplementary data
No full textThis is supplementary data for the article Van de Broek M, Temmerman S., Merckx R., Govers G., 2016, Controls on soil organic carbon stocks in tidal marshes along an estuarine salinity gradient, Biogeosciences. For study site descriptions, material and methods and interpretation of this data we refer to this article
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Hedgerow trees and extended-width field margins enhance macro-moth diversity: implications for management
No full textImproving the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes is essential for reversing declines in farmland biodiversity. Crucial to achieving this is identifying management options that are practical and beneficial to biodiversity, and understanding the influence of the surrounding landscape. We used data on abundance and species richness of farmland macro-moths, many of which are declining, and trait-based analyses on their feeding guild, mobility and conservation status, to explore local- and landscape-scale effects of two farmland features (extended-width field margins and hedgerow trees) and surrounding farmland intensification. Macro-moths were light trapped at 48 fixed sites on 16 farms, over 4 years, within a 1200-km2 area of lowland UK farmland. Sites belonged to one of four experimental groups that differed in their combinations of hedgerow tree presence and field margin width. Hedgerow trees and extended-width field margins locally increased species richness, but not abundance, of macro-moths, irrespective of each other's presence. Overall, species richness and abundance were not affected by agricultural intensification, as measured by the amount of arable land in the surrounding landscape. Sedentary moths showed double the species richness, but were half as abundant as mobile moths. Both groups responded positively to extended-width margin and hedgerow tree presence. The effect of hedgerow trees was particularly strong for shrub- and/or tree-feeding species. Analyses based on the conservation status of moths demonstrated that agricultural intensification lowered the species richness of nationally severely declining UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species and the abundance of both nationally moderately declining and priority species. These effects were most pronounced at the 0·8-km radius scale. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that the presence of extended-width field margins and hedgerow trees, possibly promoted by agri-environment schemes targeting their implementation at relatively small spatial scales (0·8 km), may help mitigate negative effects of agricultural intensification on macro-moths. A wide range of other taxa feed on macro-moths and may therefore indirectly benefit from these features. Nevertheless, taxa differ widely in their mobility and measures mitigating biodiversity loss may need to be targeted at multiple spatial scales to maximize their effectiveness for multiple taxa. Our results suggest that the presence of extended-width field margins and hedgerow trees, possibly promoted by agri-environment schemes targeting their implementation at relatively small spatial scales (0·8 km), may help mitigate negative effects of agricultural intensification on macro-moths. A wide range of other taxa feed on macro-moths and may therefore indirectly benefit from these features. Nevertheless, taxa differ widely in their mobility and measures mitigating biodiversity loss may need to be targeted at multiple spatial scales to maximize their effectiveness for multiple taxa. © 2012 British Ecological Society
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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