1,721,023 research outputs found
Overcoming the Law of the Hidden in Cyberinfrastructures
No full textCyberinfrastructure projects (CIPs) are complex, integrated systems that require interaction and organization amongst user, developer, hardware, technical infrastructure, and funding resources. Nevertheless, CIP usability, functionality, and growth do not scale with the sum of these resources. Instead, growth and efficient usage of CIPs require access to ‘hidden’ resources. These include technical resources within CIPs as well as social and functional interactions among stakeholders. We identify approaches to overcome resource limitations following the conceptual basis of Liebig's Law of the Minimum. In so doing, we recommend practical steps towards efficient and scaleable resource use, taking the iPlant/CyVerse CIP as an example
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Network Analysis of Biomedical Data Using REACH Natural Language Processing
No full textOne of the core features of scientific work is reading and researching literature. Facing an unknown disease, beginning a new research project, or writing a paper to present your own research data are all good examples of why someone would run a wide literature search. However, it is difficult to stay up to date with the cutting edge of scientific research. A more recent approach that exceeds the limits of traditional manual research lies in automated literature analysis using natural language processing (NLP), something which is particularly relevant in complex biomedical research. NLP permits more rapid access to the information contained in scientific databases and may help to drastically increase the reproducibility of literature searches, allowing researchers to process all documents for a definite result. Network analysis techniques can be used to analyze the information extracted from literature, which often comes in the form of relationships between various biomedical entities. We used the REACH NLP tool to read 1.2 million papers in PubMed to extract mentions of biologically-relevant molecules and their relationship/interaction with other molecules. We then created an application - Visualizing Entities and Relationships in Text (VERIT), that allows users to generate network visualizations by querying the database we generated, which contains relationships between chemicals, proteins, genes, and phenotypes that were extracted by running REACH
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Host Galaxies of Extragalactic Transients
No full textHost galaxy properties of extragalactic transients provide valuable insights into the nature of their progenitors. This dissertation focuses on the automated identification of transient host galaxies, the systematic difference in host properties and rate dependencies across supernova subtypes, and the demographics and cosmic environments of supernovae without host galaxies detected.Chapter 1 presents a brief overview of transient-host connections.
Chapter 2 describes a novel machine learning-based algorithm to identify transient host galaxies with high accuracy (above 97%). Based on this algorithm, we develop software pipelines to identify transient host galaxies, collect their measured properties across multiple sky surveys, and assemble the largest-ever value-added database of host galaxies.
Chapter 3 compares host galaxy physical properties (stellar mass, star formation rate, metallicity) and photometric properties (absolute magnitude, rest-frame color) across supernova subtypes and characterizes how supernova rates depend on galaxy properties.
We find subtle but statistically significant differences in host properties across several core-collapse supernova (CC SN) subtypes. Contrary to common belief, CC SN rates are not proportional to their host star formation rates -- either a fraction of long-lived progenitors or a metallicity-dependent supernova production efficiency better interpret the observed host properties. SN Ia subtypes feature heterogeneous host properties attributable to the dramatic contrast of progenitor ages.
Chapter 4 presents the analysis of a supernova sample without hosts detected. There are more interacting and superluminous (especially hydrogen-deficient) subtypes among hostless supernovae than in a typical transient sample. Wide-field galaxy surveys put rigorous limits on their host luminosities -- the faintest ones are close to the typical luminosity of dwarf spheroidal galaxies or even globular clusters. The lack of spatial association with galaxy clusters and the excess of slowly-declining SN Ia imply a population of star-forming dwarf hosts in the field.
Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the main results and provides a future outlook
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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