1,720,968 research outputs found
Designing for Health & Wellbeing: Home, City, Society
No full textRapid urbanization represents major threats and challenges to personal and public health. The World Health Organisation identifies the ‘urban health threat’ as three-fold: infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases; and violence and injury from, amongst other things, road traffic. Within this tripartite structure of health issues in the built environment, there are multiple individual issues affecting both the developed and the developing worlds and the global north and south.
Reflecting on a broad set of interrelated concerns about health and the design of the places we inhabit, this book seeks to better understand the interconnectedness and potential solutions to the problems associated with health and the built environment. Divided into three key themes: home, city, and society, each section presents a number of research chapters that explore global processes, transformative praxis and emergent trends in architecture, urban design and healthy city research. Drawing together practicing architects, academics, scholars, public health professional and activists from around the world to provide perspectives on design for health, this book includes emerging research on: healthy homes, walkable cities, design for ageing, dementia and the built environment, health equality and urban poverty, community health services, neighbourhood support and wellbeing, urban sanitation and communicable disease, the role of transport infrastructures and government policy, and the cost implications of ‘unhealthy’ cities etc. To that end, this book examines alternative and radical ways of practicing architecture and the re-imagining of the profession of architecture through a lens of human health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
On the experience of temporality: Existential issues in the conservation of architectural places
Full text linkIn discussions of the conservation of culturally significant architecture, awareness about issues of temporality and its theoretical import has been approached from varied, partial, perspectives. These perspectives have usually focused on accounts of temporality that focus on the past and the present – and more rarely the future – without considering either the complete spectrum of human temporality or its ontological bases. This article addresses this shortcoming with a phenomenology of conservation grounded on the fundamental attitudes of cultivation and care. After a phenomenological and existentialist analysis of Cesare Brandi’s thought – focusing on his paradigmatic Theory of Restoration – his attitude comes forth as a limited instance of the modern conservation attitude that is concerned exclusively with architecture as art. This attitude results in a limited temporal intentionality. Following Ingarden and Ricoeur, the existential approach is here applied to the deduced dimensions of the space and time of Dasein – in Heidegger’s terms – outlining the grounding of conservation on an existential interpretation of the more fundamental notions of cultivation and care. This interpretation suggests a solution for the modern impasse with an existential account of both the artistic grounding of architecture and its characterisation as the place that temporally accompanies Dasein. Architecture thus emerges as a manifold being, constituting existentially the space for the authentic human being, whose temporal consciousness compels it to cultivate and care about that space, thus enriching the possible approaches to conservation as a collective endeavour
A la búsqueda del lugar del estar-a-la-mano
Full text linkBased on Graham Harman's original interpretation of Heidegger's concepts of ready-to-hand (Zuhandenheit) and present-at-hand (Vorhandenheit) (Harman, 2002), this essay looks for the consequences of such an analysis applicable to an existentially revealing attitude of a designing-research. Discerning more clearly both possibilities, I seek to make them tangible in the profession of architecture where the scientific – theorising – attitude conceals the benefits of the more thoughtless one with which beings – human and non-human – find their place.First, I briefly interpret the two Heideggerian concepts with Harman's approach. Second, I relate them to the attitude I call designing-research. Third, I acknowledge – with this attitude – the influence of the things of the world on design. In conclusion, I suggest the abandonment of authorship as an issue that the architect should worry about. Instead, I imagine the attitude of designing-research as the poetic making of our continuous nesting in the world
Cesare Brandi (1906 a 1988): Su concepto de restauración y el dilema de la arquitectura
Full text linkEste artículo ofrece una revisión teórica del origen del concepto de restauración en el pensamiento de Brandi proponiendo una crítica centrada en el caso de la restauración de arquitectura. Se perfila el recorrido teórico de Brandi en su aproximación al discernimiento del arte en general y de la arquitectura en particular, centrado alrededor de su Teoria del restauro (1963). A través de la fenomenología, Brandi dedujo la esencia del fenómeno artístico sin hacer partícipe de la restauración a otras realidades humanas que se ven integradas en la existencia de la arquitectura. Su enfoque fue fenomenológico en el método y ontológico en los objetivos. El hecho de que la arquitectura constituya una parte importante del lugar humano, y su condición artística, nos plantea sin embargo como más amplia la cuestión de qué es aquello que constituye este humano habitar y es deseable conservar
Hacia el estar-a-la-mano: La investigación-diseñadora como actitud en arquitectura
Full text linkBasado en la original interpretación de Graham Harman de los conceptos de Heidegger de estara- la-mano (Zuhandenheit) y de estar-ahí (Vorhandenheit) (Harman, 2002), este ensayo busca las consecuencias de tal análisis aplicables a una actitud de investigación-diseñadora existencialmente reveladora. Discerniendo mas claramente ambas posibilidades busco hacerlas palpables en el oficio de la arquitectura donde la actitud científica, teorizante, oculta las bondades de aquella más irreflexiva con que los seres, humanos y no-humanos, encuentran su lugar. Primero interpreto brevemente los dos conceptos heideggerianos con la aproximación de Harman. En segundo lugar, intento relacionarlos con la actitud que llamo investigación-diseñadora. En tercer lugar, sugiero que con esta actitud se reconozca la influencia de las cosas del mundo en el diseño. En conclusión, sugiero el abandono de la autoría como tema que al arquitecto debiera preocuparle. En cambio, imagino la actitud de investigación-diseñadora como el poético hacer del continuo anidarse en el mundo
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
