1,721,158 research outputs found
Effect of sowing dates on fatty acids and phytosterols patterns of Carthamus tinctorius L.
No full textField experiments were carried out at the Regional Centre of Experimentation in Organic agriculture at Auch (near Toulouse, South west of France). Due to the high potential applications for its oil components such as fatty acids and phytosterols, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is considered as an emerging crop. Safflower plants, as many other oil crops, are submitted to environmental stresses that modify seed composition. Nevertheless, few reports are available about the effects of environmental conditions on fatty acid and phytosterol compositions in safflower. Different rainfall supplies can be managed by delaying the sowing dates. In this study, fatty acid and phytosterol contents have been evaluated in safflower seeds cultivated at two sowing dates (conventional and late) that led to a differential of rainfall during seed development. At harvest, seeds were used for oil extraction. Fatty acid composition was performed by using GC-FID. A set of seeds was dehulled to separate the almond (embryo) and hull to release the extraction and measurement of sterol contents in the two compartments by GC-FID. A delay of sowing increased the content of all sterol categories but induced a significant decrease in fatty acids. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids increased under a delaying sowing. The repartition of phytosterols was and 1/4 of total sterols in the embryo and the hull, respectively. These results could make the use of hull (considered as waste) possible, help breeders to improve safflower oil composition and develop new industrial applications
Tetraploid wheats: Valuable source of phytosterols and phytostanols
No full textPhytosterols are known as healthy compounds obtained mainly from oilseed crops. Cereals were also studied for their sterols content. Few insights have been devoted to other tetraploid species than emmer and durum wheats. This work examined phytosterol and phytostanol content in seed of six tetraploid wheat species cultivated during two successive years under rainfed organic conditions in Auch (near Toulouse, France). Sterols (free and esterified sterols) were measured by gas-chromatography-flame ionisation detector. Mean value of sterols + stanols content was 99.5 mg 100 g(-1) DW. The main sterol was -sitosterol. Results showed a year effect on sterol content, whatever the wheat species. This could be explained by the differences in climatic conditions prevailing during plant cycle and grain filling. A large variability for sterols content was found between species and within each species. Emmer wheat revealed the lowest values for all sterols and stanols. Higher values of sterols were obtained in durum wheat. This work is the first report studying T. carthlicum, T. polonicum, T. turgidum, T. timopheevi. These species exhibited intermediate values of sterol contents between emmer and durum wheats. Wheat tetraploid species showed interesting levels of sterols and could serve as a great source of these healthy compounds mainly in Mediterranean region where they are consumed as wholegrain. Variation in climatic conditions could help to manage the level of these secondary metabolites
Potential importance of water status traits for durum wheat improvement under Mediterranean conditions
No full textDOI: 10.1017/S0021859601001253International audienc
Carbon isotope discrimination and mineral composition of three organs in durum wheat genotypes grown under Mediterranean conditions
No full textInternational audienc
Stability of Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Grain Yield in Durum Wheat
No full textCarbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as an indirect selection criterion for transpiration efficiency and grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), with potential value for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum convar. durum Desf. MacKey). We evaluated the genetic variation for Δ, the relationship between Δ and grain yield, and the magnitude of genotype × year (G × Y) interactions in durum wheat. Field experiments were conducted under Mediterranean conditions on 144 durum wheat accessions during three successive years. Grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination of flag leaves (ΔF) and kernels (ΔK) were measured. Large genotypic and year variation was observed for ΔF and ΔK. Flag leaf Δ was correlated with grain yield in 2 yr characterized as having greater water limitation (r = 0.29 − 0.38, P < 0.001). Conversely, ΔK and grain yield were significantly correlated in all 3 yr (r = 0.49 − 0.52, P < 0.001). In addition, G × Y interactions were significant for ΔF, ΔK and grain yield. However, significant correlations (P < 0.001) were noted for ΔK across years. As a result, ΔK may serve as a better predictive criterion for higher grain yield under Mediterranean conditions
Study of the agrorefining of Apiaceae, Lamiaceae and Chenopodiaceae seeds for the production of biobased molecules for cosmetic industry applications
No full textLa croissance démographique, la consommation incontrôlée des ressources naturelles ainsi que l’activité industrielle jouent un rôle déterminant dans la dégradation de l'environnement mondial. A ce sujet et en se basant sur le concept que les consommateurs partagent la responsabilité de la pollution et de l'épuisement des ressources et leur coût, la mise en oeuvre des ressources renouvelables dans les processus industriels apparait comme une clé décisive. La renouvelabilité, la recyclabilité, la durabilité, la biodégradabilité sont les concepts de base sur lesquels nous pouvons compter pour protéger la nature et l’environnement. Dans ce contexte, une nouvelle approche de la bioraffinage a été développée dans cette thèse, elle a été appliquée à cinq espèces appartenant à 3 familles différentes (Foeniculum vulagre, Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi (Apiaceae), Salvia hispania (Lamiaceae) et Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae)). Ces espèces partagent une caractéristique commune, elles peuvent être définies comme Aroma Tincto Oleo Crops (ATOC) puisqu’elles sont une source d'huile végétale et d'huile essentielle (ou de colorant). Notre objectif est donc de déterminer la faisabilité biologique et technologique de l'application du concept ATOC-bioraffinage basé sur le développement, l'optimisation et la production de nouveaux produits biologiques, des nouvelles molécules biosourcées et d'autres technologies innovantes. Notre étude met l'accent sur l'évaluation de divers paramètres influençant le rendement et la qualité de l’huile dans les graines d'ATOC, y compris leurs origines géographiques et le procédé d'extraction, et leur impact sur l'activité biologique des extraits de résidus. La valorisation des huiles pour des applications dans l’industrie cosmétique a été realisée en les utilisant comme (i) additifs dans des formulations de crème hydratante. De plus, l’utilité du tourteau d'extraction comme (ii) substrat pour la fabrication d'agromatériaux par thermopressage et comme (iii) un ingrédient dans des formulations de pain de blé entier a été examinée.In an age where the risk of environmental degradation have become more apparent due to a combination of several factors including the sheer rise of world population, consumption, industrial activity, etc. With regard to this and since the concept that consumers share responsibility for pollution and resources depletion and their cost has been increasingly believed, the implementation of renewable resources in industrial processes could be a decisive key. Renewability, recyclability, sustainability, biodegradability are the basic concepts on which we can rely to make a difference in the environment today and tomorrow. In this context, a new biorefinery approach was developed in this thesis and applied to five plant species belonging to 3 different plant families (Foeniculum vulagre, Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi (Apiaceae family), Salvia hispania (Lamiaceae family) and Amaranthus cruentus (Amaranthaceae family). These species share a common characteristic, they can be defined as Aroma Tincto Oleo Crops (ATOC) as they are a source of both vegetable oil and essential oil or color. Our aim is thus to determine the biological and technological feasibility of application of ATOC-biorefinery concept based on the development, optimization and production of new bio-based products and other innovative technologies. Our study focus on the evaluation of major various parameters influencing oil’s yield and quality in ATOC seeds including their geographic origins and extraction process, and their impact on biological activity of residues extracts. The feasability of valorization of oils as (i) additive in cosmetic formulas, and of extraction cake as (ii) substrate for agromaterial manufacturing by thermopressing or as (iii) ingredient in whole wheat bread formulations were also stated
Etude du bioraffinage conjugués d'huile végétale et d'huile essentielle issues de graines d'Apiacées
No full textLes fruits de coriandre ont été identifiés comme une source riche en huile végétale de haute qualité, à forte teneur en acide pétrosélinique et en huile essentielle. Un système d'extraction innovant a été conçu et développé en utilisant la technologie d'extrusion bi-vis. Il a permis l’obtention d'un produit nouveau, à savoir une huile végétale de coriandre aromatisée et à haute valeur ajoutée, d’un condensat présentant une concentration élevée en huile essentielle et d’un tourteau révélant une forte teneur en protéines. Le tourteau a montré son intérêt en tant que liant naturel pour la production de panneaux de fibres renouvelables issus de la paille de coriandre, un résidu de la culture de la plante, conduisant à des agromatériaux auto-liés et ayant un rapport performance/coût élevé. Les fibres de la paille de coriandre ont également présenté une bonne capacité de renforcement lorsqu’elles étaient utilisées comme charge naturelle dans des biocomposites thermoplastiques à base de polypropylène ou de biopolyéthylène, permettant le moulage par injection de matériaux peu couteux et aux propriétés mécaniques prometteuses. Ce travail présente ainsi une forte contribution à la mise en place d'une véritable bioraffinerie intégrée de la coriandre et à la démonstration de sa mise en oeuvre à une échelle industrielle.Coriander fruits of French origin were identified as a rich source of a high-quality vegetable oil, with a high petroselinic acid content, and essential oil. An innovative extraction system was designed and developed using twin-screw extrusion technology and resulted in the recovery of a novel flavored coriander oil with high added value, as well as a hydrosol product with a high essential oil concentration and a press cake with an important protein fraction. The press cake was shown valuable as a natural binding agent for the production of renewable materials from coriander straw, a crop residue, and led to binderless boards with a high performance-cost ratio. Simultaneously, the coriander straw fibers displayed good reinforcing capacity as a natural filler in thermoplastic biocomposites from polypropylene or biopolyethylene, resulting in cost-effective materials with attractive properties. This work thus presents a strong contribution to the setup of a true integrated biorefinery for coriander fruits and its industrial implementation on a relevant production scale
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil ofSatureja myrtifolia(Boiss. & Hohen.) from Lebanon
Full text linkSatureja myrtifolia (Boiss. & Hohen.) Greuter & Burdeta medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family was collected from south of Lebanon and hydro-distilled by Clevenger method. Essential oil composition from aerial parts was analyzed by GC-MS technique. The odor of essential oil is characteristic, and clear yellow liquid oil was obtained after hydro-distillation. The yield of the essential oil was 1.25±0.02 % of dry matter (w/w). Thirty nine volatile components were identified in the Satureja myrtifolia oil, which shows a high amount of hydrocarbons class (57.82±0.1 %). Other classes were also identified such assesquiterpene hydrocarbons (12.96±0.1 %), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.65±0.2 %), phenolic compounds (10.32±0.1 %), acids (5.53±0.1 %), and monoterpenes hydrocarbons (2.21±0.1 %).In addition, a comparison with the unique study performed on Satureja myrtifolia was also carried out
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