1,721,146 research outputs found
COVID-19 Outbreak: A Call to Arms for the World Healthcare Systems
No full textCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has placed a strong pressure on worldwide healthcare systems over the last years, testing their capacity to withstand stress [...
La corruzione in sanità: i nuovi strumenti per individuarla e contrastarla
No full textLa sanità rappresenta uno dei tipici casi in cui il miglioramento del benessere collettivo non può essere affidato soltanto all’azione del libero mercato (che non raggiunge i risultati allocativi e distributivi socialmente desiderati) e si richiede l’intervento del settore pubblico. Tuttavia, nell’interazione fra il settore pubblico e quello privato può verificarsi corruzione. L’analisi economica identifica nella corruzione un fallimento del governo, e, con riguardo alla relazione tra fallimenti del mercato e corruzione, evidenzia tre possibili approcci: uno di questi considera socialmente preferibile convivere con i fallimenti del mercato; un secondo approccio sottolinea come chi governa si dedichi prevalentemente ai propri interessi personali, anziché al miglioramento del benessere sociale; il terzo, infine, pone in rilievo l’esistenza di un trade-off fra fallimenti di mercato e di governo, suggerendo, pertanto, di valutare in quali casi i fallimenti di mercato siano socialmente più dannosi (Acemoglu e Verdier, 2000). Nel caso della sanità, la rilevanza del fallimento del mercato porterebbe a ritenere che l’intervento pubblico sia giustificato, purché il fenomeno della corruzione sia raro. Il contributo discute, in particolare, il ruolo che nuovi strumenti come whistleblowing e intelligenza artificiale possono giocare per individuare e contrastare la corruzione in sanità
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dinamiche e determinanti del settore farmaceutico in Europa
Full text linkThere is a wide consensus among scholars of the pharmaceutical sector that the American pharmaceutical sector has been much more dynamic and successful than the European one from the mid-1990s onward. The aim of this paper is to reconsider the statistical limelights commonly adopted to justify the present "competitive superiority" of the American pharmaceutical sector, in the light of the policy address of the European pharmaceutical sector. An additional aim is to evaluate what could be the future development of the US and the EU markets using an integrated vision (taking industrial policies, the welfare systems and regulatory policies into account). A particular attention is put on the analysis of the different trends within the European pharmaceutical sector, in order to verify if important signals in terms of new conditions for the European market itself do exist. Some mid-term scenarios are then outlined, evaluating both their consequences and their feasibility
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Criteri per l’allocazione regionale delle risorse per la sanità: riflessioni sul caso italiano
No full textObiettivo del lavoro è analizzare i criteri di riparto del Fsn e proporne eventuali modifiche. Tali criteri vengono confrontati con i criteri di allocazione delle risorse nel Nhs inglese. Differenze nell’approccio metodologico, ma anche nel contesto istituzionale, giustificano una revisione del sistema di riparto; in particolare sembra opportuno introdurre nel sistema incentivi al perseguimento di una maggiore efficienza/appropriatezza a livello regionale. Il lavoro evidenzia, infine, i principali ostacoli che dovranno essere rimossi per adeguare il processo di riparto alle indicazioni fornite
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