356 research outputs found
Adverse birth outcome: a comparative analysis between cesarean section and vaginal delivery at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective record review [Corrigendum]
No full textAbebe Eyowas F, Negasi AK, Aynalem GE, Worku AG. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2016;7:65–70On page 65 Abel Fekadu Dadi should have been listed as an author. The incorrect author list was:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2The correct author list should have been:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2Abel Fekadu Dadi2Read the original articl
Selection for Grain Yield in Sorghum Under Moisture and Nutrient Stress Environments
No full textCrop breeders in the semi-arid tropics often confront a combination of moisture and nutrient stress in their target production environments. Stability of performance under stress conditions is, thus, a desirable goal for crop improvement. The objectives of these studies were (1) to explore the extent of genetic variability among recombinant inbred lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in high and low fertility as well as in irrigated and rainfed conditions, and (2) to predict and measure the correlated responses of sorghum yields when selection is exercised in either one environment or a combination of contrasting environments. We evaluated 57 unselected recombinant inbred (RI) sorghum lines. Large differences in yield, height, and maturity were detected among lines in each contrasting environment. Genetic variance and heritability estimates for each trait in each stress environment did not differ significantly from those in the corresponding non-stress environments. For improving yield under stress, indirect selection in high fertility or in the irrigated environment was less efficient than direct selection in the corresponding stress environment (low fertility or rainfed). When indirect selection involved yield combinations from low and high fertility or rainfed and irrigated conditions, at least five lines appeared among the 10 top-ranking lines of each contrasting environment. Thus, greater gain in performance over contrasting environments may be achieved by selecting for yield in more than one environment, rather than by selecting in any single environment.
Key Words: Crop improvement, genetic variance, heritability, irrigated, rainfed
Résumé
Les reproductions de plante dans les tropiques semi-arides sont souvent confrontés à la combinaison de l'humidité et au stress des substances nutritives dans leurs environnements de productions visés. La stabilité de performance sous des conditions de stress est, ainsi, un objetif désirable pour l'amélioration de plante. Les objectifs de ces études étaient (1) d'explorer l'étendue de la variabilité génetique entre les races consanguines des recombinants de sorgho (Sorghum bicolor) en forte et faible fertilité ainsi que dans des conditions d'irrigation et pluies, et (2) prédire et mesurer les réponses corrélées des rendements de sorgho quand la sélection est exercée dans un seul environnement ou une combinaison contrastée d'environnements. Nous avons évalué 57 lignes consanguines des recombinants de sorgho non sélectionnées (RI). Des larges différences en rendement, hauteur et maturité étaient detectées entre les races dans chaque environnement contrasté. La variance génetique et les prévisions d'héritage pour chaque trait et chaque stress d'environnment n'ont pas différé de manière significative des correspondants en environnments non stressés. Pour améliorer le rendement sous stress, la sélection indirecte en haute fertilité ou en environnemnt irrigué étaient moins efficace que les sélection directe en environnement correspondant stressé (faible fertilité ou pluie). Quand la sélection indirecte a impliqué des combinaisons de rendements de faible et fertilité élevée ou conditions pluvieuses et irriguées, au moins cinq races ont apparu pami les 10 premiers classements des races de chaque environnement contrasté. Ainsi, un grand gain en performance au-délà des environnements contrastés peut- être atteint par sélection pour rendement dans plus d'un environnement, plutot que par sélection dans n'importe un seul environnement.
Mots Clés: Amélioration de la plante, variance génetique, en héritage, irriué, pluvieux
(Af Crop Sci J 2003 Vol 11 No 2 pp55-64
Trans Rights: A detailed analysis of access to gender affirming treatments by minors and the differing approaches taken by Member States in the European Union
No full textIn this paper the author will be discussing the varying approaches by Member States in the European Union regarding the rights of Minors to access/undertake gender affirming treatments. This paper shall have a particular focus on the varying approaches taken by the Republic of Ireland, United Kingdom and the Netherlands in minors having access to gender affirming treatments. The Netherlands has developed a protocol for gender affirming intervention which has been deemed to be the benchmark for providing treatment for minors suffering from gender dysphoria. The protocol developed by the Netherland vastly differs from other Member States such as the United Kingdom and Ireland. The basis for the differing views by such member states lies on the basis of health officials that intervention can be a detriment to minors instead of having a benefit. The varying approaches by Member States raises the question of what can be considered to be the appropriate approach to be undertaken in providing gender affirming treatment to minors and the lines that must be drawn between what can be considered in what is deemed to be providing minors with the right to receive appropriate care against what can be considered to be medical malpractice
Effect of Genetic Divergence of<i>Striga hermonthica</i>(Delile) Benth.-Resistant Maize Inbred Lines on Heterosis and Hybrid Performance under Parasite Pressure
No full textEvaluating testcross performance and genetic divergence of lines derived from reciprocal tropical maize composites
No full textThe development of hybrids with enhanced expression of heterosis depends on the genetic background of the source population and the effectiveness of a breeding scheme used to identify and use divergent inbred lines with good combining ability. The present study was conducted to examine the potential of improved tropical reciprocal
composites as sources of inbred lines for developing productive hybrids. Thirty-six S
lines derived from the third
RRS cycle of each composite were crossed in pairs to form 36 testcrosses, which were evaluated along with com- monly grown commercial hybrids in Nigeria across nine test environments. Results showed consistent ranking of testcrosses for grain yield and other traits across the diverse test environments. The best 22 testcrosses produced
21% to 51% more grain yields than the highest yielding commercial hybrid. Several testcrosses combined high grain yields with other desirable agronomic traits. The SSR and SNP markers used in the present study detected a
broad range of genetic diversity among the 72 S
lines, which was structured along the two composites. The two
markers portrayed similar trends in determining genetic distance estimates and detecting composite-specific al-
leles in the S
lines. These results highlight the potential of improved reciprocal composites as sources of new and
divergent parents for developing productive hybrids and as sources of novel alleles for broadening and diversifying the genetic base of adapted germplasm to sustain genetic gain in productivity of hybrids in WCA
Use of controlled low temperatures in evaluating the cold tolerance of corn inbred lines
No full textAssessment of hybrids of drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for grain yield and other traits under stress managed conditions
No full textIntroduced maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm can serve as important sources of favorable alleles for enhancing the performance of new maize varieties and hybrids under drought stress conditions. Ninety-six elite maize hybrids alongside four hybrid checks were evaluated for grain yield and other agronomic traits under managed stress conditions over two seasons at Ikenne, Nigeria. Hybrids differed significantly for grain yield and other measured traits under both drought stress and well-watered conditions. Grain yield varied from 444 to 3022 kg ha−1 under drought stress, and from 3827 to 8887 kg ha−1 under full irrigation. Drought stress reduced grain yield by 70%. Each of the top 10 yielders under drought stress produced >2500 kg ha−1 and had a yield advantage of >10% over the best check. Three hybrids namely; ADL47 × EXL15, ADL41 × EXL15 and EXL02 × ADL47, produced competitive yields under both irrigation treatments
Opinion Dynamics Optimization by Varying Susceptibility to Persuasion via Non-Convex Local Search
No full textA long line of work in social psychology has studied variations in people's susceptibility to persuasion - the extent to which they are willing to modify their opinions on a topic. This body of literature suggests an interesting perspective on theoretical models of opinion formation by interacting parties in a network: in addition to considering interventions that directly modify people's intrinsic opinions, it is also natural to consider interventions that modify people's susceptibility to persuasion.In this work, motivated by this fact, we propose an influence optimization problem. Specifically, we adopt a popular model for social opinion dynamics, where each agent has some fixed innate opinion, and a resistance that measures the importance it places on its innate opinion; agents influence one another's opinions through an iterative process. Under certain conditions, this iterative process converges to some equilibrium opinion vector. For the unbudgeted variant of the problem, the goal is to modify the resistance of any number of agents (within some given range) such that the sum of the equilibrium opinions is minimized; for the budgeted variant, in addition the algorithm is given upfront a restriction on the number of agents whose resistance may be modified.We prove that the objective function is in general non-convex. Hence, formulating the problem as a convex program as in an early version of this work (Abebe et al., KDD'18) might have potential correctness issues. We instead analyze the structure of the objective function, and show that any local optimum is also a global optimum, which is somehow surprising as the objective function might not be convex. Furthermore, we combine the iterative process and the local search paradigm to design very efficient algorithms that can solve the unbudgeted variant of the problem optimally on large-scale graphs containing millions of nodes. Finally, we propose and evaluate experimentally a family of heuristics for the budgeted variant of the problem. © 2021 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM
SELECTION FOR GRAIN YIELD IN SORGHUM UNDER MOISTURE AND NUTRIENT STRESS ENVIRONMENTS
No full textCrop breeders in the semi-arid tropics often confront a combination of
moisture and nutrient stress in their target production environments.
Stability of performance under stress conditions is, thus, a desirable
goal for crop improvement. The objectives of these studies were (1) to
explore the extent of genetic variability among recombinant inbred
lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor ) in high and low fertility
as well as in irrigated and rainfed conditions, and (2) to predict and
measure the correlated responses of sorghum yields when selection is
exercised in either one environment or a combination of contrasting
environments. We evaluated 57 unselected recombinant inbred (RI)
sorghum lines. Large differences in yield, height, and maturity were
detected among lines in each contrasting environment. Genetic variance
and heritability estimates for each trait in each stress environment
did not differ significantly from those in the corresponding non-stress
environments. For improving yield under stress, indirect selection in
high fertility or in the irrigated environment was less efficient than
direct selection in the corresponding stress environment (low fertility
or rainfed). When indirect selection involved yield combinations from
low and high fertility or rainfed and irrigated conditions, at least
five lines appeared among the 10 top-ranking lines of each contrasting
environment. Thus, greater gain in performance over contrasting
environments may be achieved by selecting for yield in more than one
environment, rather than by selecting in any single environment
SELECTION FOR GRAIN YIELD IN SORGHUM UNDER MOISTURE AND NUTRIENT STRESS ENVIRONMENTS
No full textCrop breeders in the semi-arid tropics often confront a combination of
moisture and nutrient stress in their target production environments.
Stability of performance under stress conditions is, thus, a desirable
goal for crop improvement. The objectives of these studies were (1) to
explore the extent of genetic variability among recombinant inbred
lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor ) in high and low fertility
as well as in irrigated and rainfed conditions, and (2) to predict and
measure the correlated responses of sorghum yields when selection is
exercised in either one environment or a combination of contrasting
environments. We evaluated 57 unselected recombinant inbred (RI)
sorghum lines. Large differences in yield, height, and maturity were
detected among lines in each contrasting environment. Genetic variance
and heritability estimates for each trait in each stress environment
did not differ significantly from those in the corresponding non-stress
environments. For improving yield under stress, indirect selection in
high fertility or in the irrigated environment was less efficient than
direct selection in the corresponding stress environment (low fertility
or rainfed). When indirect selection involved yield combinations from
low and high fertility or rainfed and irrigated conditions, at least
five lines appeared among the 10 top-ranking lines of each contrasting
environment. Thus, greater gain in performance over contrasting
environments may be achieved by selecting for yield in more than one
environment, rather than by selecting in any single environment
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