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No full text綫裝.框16.5x12公分, 10行24字, 白口, 四周雙邊, 單黑魚尾, 版心上鐫書名, 中鐫卷次, 下鐫"上海彪蒙書室印行".書名據封面.Xian zhuang.Kuang 16.5x12 gong fen, 10 hang 24 zi, bai kou, si zhou shuang bian, dan hei yu wei, ban xin shang juan shu ming, zhong juan juan ci, xia juan"shang hai biao meng shu shi yin xing".Shu ming ju feng mian
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Association between Type 2 Diabetes and Hepatocelluar Carcinoma in High Prevalence of Hepatitis B or C Infection: A Prospective Cohort from KCIS Study
No full text研究背景：糖尿病與原發性肝癌的相關性在西方國家已經被證實，但是兩者之間的關係在肝炎高盛行區仍需被檢驗，糖尿病與其他危險因子之間可能的效果修飾作用或交互作用也需要作進一步的探討。
方法：本研究為前瞻性世代研究，來自基隆社區複合式篩檢的54929位受檢者自1999年追蹤至2003年，肝癌病例由二階段肝癌篩檢及癌症登記確定，危險因子則由抽血及問卷得到。
結果：基隆社區30歲以上5萬多人前瞻世代,複合式篩檢,於1999 ~ 2003共發現138位肝癌的病例，在控制了年齡、性別、B型肝炎、C型肝炎等重要危險因子後，第二型糖尿病對肝癌的影響沒有統計上的顯著。對此影響，C型肝炎(P=0.04)及高膽固醇血(P=0.03)兩個有顯著的效果修飾作用，但是協同指數(synergy index)只有糖尿病與高膽固醇血的粗勝算比(crude odds ratio)才有顯著性。分層分析發現糖尿病顯著地增加肝癌危險性的情況為沒有C型肝炎者(adjusted odds ratio=1.98)及高膽固醇血者(adjusted odds ratio=2.52)。
結論：在B型及C型肝炎盛行的台灣，糖尿病對肝癌的發生在控制了主要的危險因子後沒有顯著的影響，與之前在肝癌低盛行區的研究不同。此影響受到C型肝炎及高膽固醇血的修飾；在無C 型肝炎及高膽固醇血症病人群，糖尿病對肝癌的發生呈現有意義的相關。Background: The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in western countries had been corroborated. But the relation in countries with high prevalence of hepatitis should be examined. The possible effect modification or interaction between DM and other risk factors still need to be explored.
Method: A prospective cohort with 54,929 subjects from the Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening (KCIS) was followed from 1999 to 2003. HCC was ascertained by two-stage liver screen and National Cancer Registry linkage. Risk factors were measured by blood sampling and questionnaire.
Results: 138 HCC cases were identified. The effect of type 2 DM on HCC was not statistically significant after controlling age, gender, HBV and HCV that were strong risk factors. HCV (P=0.04) and hypercholesterolemia (P=0.03) were two significant effect modifiers. But the synergy index was significant only in crude odds ratio for interaction between DM and hypercholesterolemia. Stratifications which diabetes significantly increases the risk of HCC are patients without hepatitis C (adjusted odds ratio=1.98) and patients with hypercholesterolemia (adjusted odds ratio=2.52)
Conclusion: Different form previous studies in the low HCC prevalence areas, diabetes mellitus does not play an independent role in the development of HCC in Taiwan after adjusting major risk factors. The association between DM and liver cancer was influenced or modified by hepatitis C and total cholesterol. The effect of DM for HCC is significant in the absence of hepatitis C infection and in the presence of hypercholesterolemia.I. Introduction 1
II. Literature review 4
1. Biological Mechanism on the Association between DM and
HCC 4
(1) Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) 4
(2) Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3(IGFBP-3) 5
(3) Lipid profile and other factors 5
2. Epidemiological Studies on Diabetes Mellitus and Liver
Cancer 6
(1) Case-control study 8
(2) Cohort study 16
(3) Effect modification 19
III. Material and Methods 20
1. Study Design 20
2. Ascertainment of type 2 diabetes 22
3. Ascertainment of HCC 22
4. Risk Factors 24
5. Statistical Analysis 25
IV. Results 28
1. Annual Incidence of Hepatocelluar Carcinoma 28
2. Risk factors of HCC 28
3. Effect Modification 30
4. Association between Type 2 Diabetes and HCC by the
Stratification of Hepatitis and Hypercholesterolemia 32
5. Cumulative Incidence Rate of HCC by Type 2 Diabetes
and Its’ Effect Modifiers 33
V. Discussion & Conclusion 35
1. Discussion 35
2. Conclusion 40
Reference 4
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Measurement and Application of Particles Deposition Uniformity
No full text常見基因轉殖的基因載入模式，包括︰基因槍、直接肌肉注射、複合基因、電穿孔、細菌或病毒感染等。其中以基因槍的基因載入模式，對細胞危害性低、所需的載入物質劑量低、可載入的DNA劑量大、以及可廣泛的應用在各種體內和體外的培養細胞等優點，使得基因槍成為生物技術上的新趨勢。
本研究針對影響基因槍之金微粒沈積均勻度與收集效率的因子，像是氦氣出口大小( 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 20 mm)、出口位置( 0, 15, 25 mm)、氦氣氣流壓力(100, 150, 250, 400, 600 psi)、錐狀體長度(5, 15, 35, 65, 105, 155 mm)、金微粒沉積面積的直徑(10, 15, 25, 30, 50 mm)、筒狀體長度(25, 35, 45, 65, 95, 155 mm)等，以探討對基因轉殖效率的影響，進而找出最佳化的轉殖效度：氦氣出口大小0.05 mm、出口位置0 mm、氦氣氣流壓力600 psi、錐狀體長度65 mm、金微粒沉積面積的直徑50 mm。改良後的基因槍收集效率增加為原先設計的5.2倍、均勻度提升了2.5倍、轉殖效度提升了17.3倍。The ways of gene deliver during gene transfection included gene gun, injection directly into the muscle, complex DNAs, electroporation, bacterial systems, and viral delivery systems. Among them, the advantages of the gene gun was below: low harmfulness for cell, only small amounts of DNA for requirement, but large DNA fragments may be transferred, applicable to both in vitro and in vivo transformation. So the gene gun will become a new trend in biological technology.
In this research, we confer relationship between uniformity and slot width (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 20 mm), slot height (0, 15, 25 mm), helium pressure (100, 150, 250, 400, 600 psi), transition cone (5, 15, 35, 65, 105, 155 mm), diameter of target filter (10, 15, 25, 30, 50 mm), column height (25, 35, 45, 65, 95, 155 mm). The best transfection occurs when slot width is 0.05 mm, slot height is 0 mm, transition cone is 65 mm and diameter of target filter is 50 mm. Collection efficiency is 5.2 times than original design, uniformity is 2.5 times than original design and transfection is 17.3 times than original design.摘要…………………………………….…….………….……….….…………...….i
Abstract………………………………………………………………….………….ii
目錄…………………………………………………………….…………….…..…iii
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………….….….vi
符號表……………………………………………………………….…………….viii
一、研究目的與背景…………………………………………………………………1
1.1研究目的…………………………………………………………...……….1
1.1.1提升基因槍射出金微粒的沈積均勻度……………………………….1
1.1.2降低基因轉殖的昂貴成本………………………………………...…..1
1.2背景………………………………………………………………………....1
1.2.1生物技術在醫療、食品及農業等應用科學的重要性……………….1
1.2.2常見的基因轉殖技術………………………………………………….3
1.2.3基因槍的優缺點……………………………………………………….6
1.2.4影響基因槍轉殖效率的原因……………………………………….....7
1.2.5基因轉殖常用的細胞………………………………………………...10
1.2.6電化噴霧……………………………………………………………...11
二、慣性衝擊的原理……………………………………………………………….12
2.1雷諾數……………………………………………………………………..12
2.2史托克常數………………………………………………………………..13
三、實驗方法………………………………………………………………………14
3.1儀器設備…………………………………………………………………..14
3.1.1基因槍選用…………………………………………………………...14
3.1.2微粒的選擇……………………………………………………….…..15
3.1.3子彈的製備…………………………………………………………..16
3.1.3.1清洗及乾燥尼龍管………………………………………………16
3.1.3.2子彈製備流程……………………………………………………16
3.1.4影像擷取系統………………………………………………………...18
3.1.4.1顯微鏡外接數位相機……………………………………………18
3.1.4.2視野校正……………………………………………...………….18
3.2視野選取方式…………………………………………………………......19
3.2.1等距離法……………………………………………………………...19
3.2.2等面積法…………………………………………………………...…19
3.3影像分析軟體……………………………………………………………..19
3.4覆蓋率與均勻度…………………………………………………………..22
3.4.1覆蓋率………………………………………………………………...22
3.4.2均勻度………………………………………………………………...23
3.5計數效率與收集效率…………………………………………………..…24
3.6基因轉殖效度的計算…………………………………………………..…25
3.7標準化…………………………………………………………………..…27
四、結果與討論……………………………………………………………………27
4.1等距離法與等面積法比較…………………………………………..……27
4.1.1等距離法……………………………………………………..….……27
4.1.2等面積法……………………………………………………….……..27
4.2均勻度與覆蓋率對轉殖效率的影響…………………………………..…27
4.2.1氦氣出口大小(SW)………………………………………………..…..28
4.2.2氦氣出口位置(SH)……………………………………………………29
4.2.3壓力………………………………………………………………...…30
4.2.4錐狀體的長(TC)……………………………………………................31
4.2.5筒狀體的長(CH)………………………………………………………32
4.2.6金微粒沉積面積的直徑(TD)…………………………………………33
4.2.6.1錐狀體長(TC) 5 mm……………………………………………...33
4.2.6.2錐狀體長(TC) 25 mm…………………………………………….34
4.2.6.3錐狀體長(TC) 65 mm………………………………………….…36
五、結論與建議…………………………………………………………………….37
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………38
圖目錄
Figure 1：BHK-21纖維母細胞之單層細胞………………………………………43
Figure 2：B16-f10上皮細胞………………………………………………………..43
Figure 3：電化噴霧(Electrospray)…………………………………………………44
Figure 4：基因槍…………………………………………………………………...45
Figure 5：子彈製備系統(Tubing Preparation System)…………………………….46
Figure 6：切管器(Tubing Cutter)…………………………………………………...46
Figure 7：子彈匣及子彈(Cartridge Holder and Cartridges)………………….……47
Figure 8：顯微鏡外接數位相機……………………………………………………47
Figure 9：光柵(Light Railings)………………………….…………………………48
Figure 10：慣性衝擊示意圖…………………………………………………….…48
Figure 11：基因轉殖效度的計算……………………………………………….…49
Figure 12：灰階……………………………………………………………………..50
Figure 13：影像處理之雜訊濾除………………………………………………….51
Figure 14：影像處理之影像邊緣強化…………………………………………….52
Figure 15：影像處理之二值化.……………………………………………………53
Figure 16：影像處理之黑白互換………………………………………………….54
Figure 17：影像處理之濾除不要的微粒…………………………………………55
Figure 18：影像處理之分離疊合之微粒…………………………………………56
Figure 19：影像處理之微粒數目計數……………………………………………57
Figure 20：系統圖…………………………………………………………………58
Figure 21：等距離法與等面積法微粒分佈圖………………………………….…59
Figure 22：等距離法與等面積法計數效率……………………………………….60
Figure 23：轉殖效度模式……………………………………………………….….61
Figure 24：氦氣出口大小(SW)……………………………………………………...62
Figure 25：氦氣出口位置(SH)……………………………………………………...63
Figure 26：氦氣壓力………………………………………………………………..64
Figure 27：錐狀體高度(TC)……………………………………………………..…65
Figure 28：筒狀體高度(CH)……………………………………………………….66
Figure 29：標的面積直徑(TD)-錐狀體長(TC) 5 mm……………………………..67
Figure 30：標的面積直徑(TD)-錐狀體長(TC) 25 mm……………………………68
Figure 31：標的面積直徑(TD)-錐狀體長(TC) 65 mm……………………………69
Figure 32：最佳化的Spacer………………………………………………............71
Figure 33：原始設計與改良後Spacer比較……………………………………...72
Figure 34：等距離法……………………………………………………………….73
Figure 35：等面積法……………………………………………………………….7
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