1,720,987 research outputs found
Childhood emotional invalidation and adult psychological distress: the mediating role of emotional inhibition
No full textPreventing Child Sexual Abuse in Youth-serving Organizations
Get PDFChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a complex public health issue that has devastating public health impacts for victims and for institutions where abuse cases occur. This type of abuse is a unique form of childhood trauma that can result in poorer health outcomes over one’s lifetime, including risk of substance abuse, mental health issues, and less economic success. CSA has not always been treated as preventable phenomenon, but research over the last several decades shows that implementing prevention strategies within youth-serving organizations (YSOs) may help to reduce the risk of victimization of children in those settings.
This dissertation explores the issue of CSA prevention in YSOs through three papers, with an introductory chapter. The first paper includes background information on best practices in CSA prevention, and an integration of concepts from implementation and management sciences to better frame the issue within institutions. This paper was informed by key informant interviews with leaders who were involved in early implementation of CSA prevention within one national YSO setting, with a focus on how they got started with their prevention approach and shared it with others. The second paper explores CSA prevention in YSOs on the local level in two states: Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Key informant interviews were conducted with local YSO leaders to gain their perspectives on CSA prevention within their organizations, with a focus on if/how they use existing best practices and what barriers they face. The third and final paper includes recommendations for YSO leaders approaching the issue of CSA prevention.
The results/conclusions of these studies include the influence of public CSA incidents in motivating leaders to make changes in their approach to CSA prevention, the importance of leadership commitment to prevention, and challenges including lack of time, expertise, and resources. Leaders did indicate an awareness of risk of this issue, but interviews indicated that it may be challenging to keep the issue top of mind, especially for those YSOs not connected to a national YSO organization
New onset and remission of suicidal ideation among a depressed adult sample
No full textBackground: previous research has demonstrated that suicidal ideation often predicts suicide completion. Methods: the present study examined clinical and phenomenological variables associated with the presence, development and remission of suicidal ideation among depressed adults. The sample (n=81) was derived from subjects enrolled in the Duke Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Late Life. Results: greater pessimistic thinking at baseline predicted the development of suicidal ideation one year later and the older a person was when he or she first experienced depression, the more likely he or she was to report remission from suicidal ideation one year following onset. Limitations: longitudinal analyses were based on relatively small samples. Variables that were not significant in these analyses might be in a larger sample. Conclusions: the longitudinal design of this study mitigates limitations associated with cross-sectional or retrospective designs and advances our understanding of a clinical profile associated with the development and remission of suicidal thought
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse in Youth-serving Organizations
Get PDFChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a complex public health issue that has devastating public health impacts for victims and for institutions where abuse cases occur. This type of abuse is a unique form of childhood trauma that can result in poorer health outcomes over one’s lifetime, including risk of substance abuse, mental health issues, and less economic success. CSA has not always been treated as preventable phenomenon, but research over the last several decades shows that implementing prevention strategies within youth-serving organizations (YSOs) may help to reduce the risk of victimization of children in those settings.
This dissertation explores the issue of CSA prevention in YSOs through three papers, with an introductory chapter. The first paper includes background information on best practices in CSA prevention, and an integration of concepts from implementation and management sciences to better frame the issue within institutions. This paper was informed by key informant interviews with leaders who were involved in early implementation of CSA prevention within one national YSO setting, with a focus on how they got started with their prevention approach and shared it with others. The second paper explores CSA prevention in YSOs on the local level in two states: Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Key informant interviews were conducted with local YSO leaders to gain their perspectives on CSA prevention within their organizations, with a focus on if/how they use existing best practices and what barriers they face. The third and final paper includes recommendations for YSO leaders approaching the issue of CSA prevention.
The results/conclusions of these studies include the influence of public CSA incidents in motivating leaders to make changes in their approach to CSA prevention, the importance of leadership commitment to prevention, and challenges including lack of time, expertise, and resources. Leaders did indicate an awareness of risk of this issue, but interviews indicated that it may be challenging to keep the issue top of mind, especially for those YSOs not connected to a national YSO organization
Perceived social support among depressed elderly, middle-aged, and young-adult samples: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
No full textBackground: a number of studies have concluded that the perceived quality of support is more strongly associated with mental health than with the actual structure of personal networks. This study examined clinical, historical, and phenomenological variables associated cross-sectionally and longitudinally with perceived social support. Methods: participants included elderly, middle-aged, and young-adult depressed samples derived from the Duke Clinical Research Center for the Study of Depression in Late Life. Results: cross-sectional multivariate analyses revealed that perceived social support was: (1) for the elderly associated with pessimistic thinking, being divorced, having strange ideas, the degree of social interaction, and instrumental support; (2) for middle-age associated with dysthymia, divorce, pessimistic thoughts, social interaction, and instrumental support; and (3) among young adults with instrumental support only. Longitudinal multivariate analyses indicated that only perceived social support at Time 1 predicted perceived social support 1 year later among elderly and middle-aged subjects, whereas only instrumental support predicted perceived social support 1 year later among the young-adult sample. Limitations: the small number of subjects among the young-adult sample limit conclusions regarding this group. In addition, only patients provided data. Future studies should consider using multiple informants to enhance the accuracy of reported social support. Conclusions: our findings indicate that in addition to whatever else they do for depressed patients, clinicians must endeavor to address relationship or social support difficulties, especially in the elderl
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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