1,721,014 research outputs found
Relevance of aging in carotid disease: results of a population survey.
No full textWe analyzed basal data of an ongoing longitudinal epidemiological study aimed at defining prevalence and risk factors of extracranial carotid disease in 345 randomly selected subjects aged 41–80. The extracranial carotid tract was explored by means of ultrasound imaging. Plaque was defined as a focal protrusion > 1.5 mm. Overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence was 31% (95% IC: 27–35). Both univariate and multivariate analysis indicated age as the strongest predictor for carotid disease (>70 vs. <60 years; OR: 26.41). Diabetes, hyperfibrinogenemia, hypercholesterolemia and systolic blood pressure also showed a significant effect. The actual relevance of these results will be further elucidated monitoring this cohort over time
Relevance of aging in carotid disease: results of a population survey
No full textWe analyzed basal data of an ongoing longitudinal epidemiological study aimed at defining prevalence and risk factors of extracranial carotid disease in 345 randomly selected subjects aged 41–80. The extracranial carotid tract was explored by means of ultrasound imaging. Plaque was defined as a focal protrusion > 1.5 mm. Overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence was 31% (95% IC: 27–35). Both univariate and multivariate analysis indicated age as the strongest predictor for carotid disease (>70 vs. <60 years; OR: 26.41). Diabetes, hyperfibrinogenemia, hypercholesterolemia and systolic blood pressure also showed a significant effect. The actual relevance of these results will be further elucidated monitoring this cohort over time
Dementia, depression and parkinsonism: A frequent association in the elderly.
No full textDepression and parkinsonism constitute two frequent findings in elderly demented patients. A large body of research, including epidemiological, retrospective, and prospective studies have contributed to the understanding of complex and common situations in the elderly, in which depression, parkinsonian signs, and cognitive impairment coexist. Many aspects regarding the "associated syndromes of dementia", however, are still object of debate as well as under current active investigation. The recent dramatic aging of the population is leading to an increasing prevalence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities. This is a problem of great clinical and socio-economical interest, because, when present in the same subject, depression, parkinsonism-related motor impairment and cognitive impairment may not only act additively or synergistically in deteriorating the functional outcome of the patient, but also lead to their institutionalization. We observed that one half of institutionalized subjects in two nursing homes of Central Italy suffer from an associated syndrome dementia / parkinsonism / depression, that these subjects are significantly more dependent than subjects hospitalized for the same reasons, and that their grade of depression or cognitive impairment is independent of which disease is diagnosed first. Depressed mood, memory impairment and motor difficulties, however, are often underestimated in the elderly, being considered as "normal" aspects of the aging process. The aim of this review is to highlight the clinical relevance of the associated syndromes of dementia, in a way that early diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies are attempted
SUICIDALITY AND COVID-19: DATA FROM AN EMERGENCY SETTING IN ITALY
No full textBackground: Suicidality is a widespread phenomenon with a dramatic burden worldwide. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid19) pandemic determined a relevant impact on mental health, due to the infection itself and its socio-economic consequences. The present study is aimed at analyzing the prevalence of suicidality during the Covid-19 pandemic among subjects requiring a psychiatric consultation in an emergency setting.Subjects and methods: Socio-demographic and clinical information was collected at the emergency department of the General Hospital of Perugia from June 1st, 2020 to January 31st, 2021. Data was entered into an electronic datasheet and retrospectively analysed. was performed in order to assess significant associations between suicide-related variables and specific socio-demographic and clinical features (p<0.05).Results: Among 447 subjects included in the analysis, 109 (24.4%) showed suicidality-related phenomena, particularly suicide attempts (SA) (n=44, 9.8%), suicidal ideation (SI) (n=41, 9.2%), non suicidal self-injury (NSSI) (n=31, 6.9%), that in some cases cooccurred. A statistically significant association was detected between NSSI and living with marital family (p=0.024) and between suicidality-related phenomena and adjustment disorders (p=0.018). None of the examined subjects reported a previous positivity for Covid-19 and neither did their relatives.Conclusions: The present study confirms the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on suicide-related phenomena. Consultation psychiatry fulfills a key role in the early detection and clinical management of these conditions, that require targeted intervention strategies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Environmental risk factors for bipolar disorders and high-risk states in adolescence: a systematic review
No full textBackground and objectives: A deeper comprehension of the role that environmental risk factors play in the development of adolescent Bipolar Disorder (BD), as well as in the evolution of high-risk states for BD, may entangle further prevention and treatment advances. The present systematic review is aimed at critically summarizing evidence about the role that environmental risk factors play in the development of BD in adolescence and their interaction with BD high-risk states. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science datasets were systematically searched until 4 September 2020. Original studies that reported information about the role of environmental risk factors in the development of BD during adolescence, or assessing their influence on the development of psychopathology in high-risk states for BD, were considered for inclusion. Two blind researchers performed title/abstract, full-text screening, and hand-screening of relevant references. The risk of bias was assessed by means of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review. Negative stressful life events, particularly sexual and physical abuse, but also emotional mistreatment, were associated with more severe psychopathology in adolescents with BD, as well as with higher risk for developing mood disorders in BD offspring. Similar findings were detected for familial environment-related features, such as parental rejection and low perceived care, while no univocal results were found when analyzing familial functioning. Conclusions: The present systematic review confirmed the relevant role that environmental risk factors, particularly negative stressful live events and family-related features, play in the development of BD psychopathology during adolescence. Future studies are expected to clarify possible further environmental factors that may be implicated in the development of BD during youth that may serve as target of prevention and early treatment strategies
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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