1,720,970 research outputs found
Federal Spending and Economic Growth in Appalachian Counties
Get PDFIn this paper I use a model informed by key theories of regional processes, and I test three related hypotheses concerning the effects of different types of federal spending (public investment, defense, salaries/wages) on economic growth in the 399 Appalachian counties during recent business cycles. The analysis incorporates a maximum likelihood estimate spatial lag regression model and shows the federal public investment spending and defense spending exerted net positive effects on per capita income, civilian employment, and private nonfarm employment growth rates between 1983 and 1988. In addition, public investment spending had a positive relationship with percentage of earnings from mining for the 1983-1988 period. Federal spending, however, had less consistent effects during the 1989-1992 recession. Implications for theory and research on regional processes are discussed
Social Contacts and Job Searching: Does Gender of Contact Matter?
Get PDFIn this study, I investigate how the gender of the social contact women use to find jobs affects the gender composition of the jobs that women find. Using a subsample of women in the Metropolitan Employer Worker Survey, I test two competing hypotheses about the effects of gender of social contact using multivariate logistic regression. Controlling for a range of individual, household, occupation/industry and organization variables, the analysis shows that females are significantly less likely to find female dominated jobs when they find their jobs through male contacts, compared to female contacts. Moreover, I also show that traditional measures of contact type (weak vs. strong tie) make little difference. What is important is the gender of the social contract, not the tie strength. Additionally, I show that women who find their current job through female contacts are just as likely to find a female dominated job as women who find their jobs through advertisements, employment agencies, and other highly visible sources of information. Implications for theory and research are discussed
Industry Structure and Earnings Growth During National Business Cycles in Appalachia
Get PDFAppalachia is a region that has undergone notable socio-economic change over the last twenty years. This change has produced communities of socio-economic “winners” and “losers.” In this paper, I attempt to understand why some communities \u27won\u27and others \u27lost\u27during this period using an analysis informed by two key sociological theories at the opposite end of the structure-agency continuum (new urban sociology, human ecology). The analysis combines shift-share analysis and the Land-Deane two-stage least squares technique for spatial effects to predict earnings change related to local industry mix and county effects for the following business cycles: 1980-82 recession, 1983-88 recovery, 1989-92 recession. The analysis shows that measures from both theoretical perspectives are important, but neither dominates (unlike in previous analyses). Implications for current/future theory and research are discussed
Murder, Nonnegligent Manslaughter, and Spatial Autocorrelation in Mid-South Counties
Get PDFIn this paper we explore to what extent murder and violent crime rates in the mid-South are spatially autocorrelated with a variety of county-level spatial association measures. The analysis shows that while statistically the murder and violent crime rates in the mid-Southern counties are spatialy associated, the degree of clustering among these counties is minimal-especially when compared to clustering among the significant predictors of violent crime (percent black, female headed households, percent in poverty, etc.). The analysis has important implications as to how county violent crime rates are being modeled
Right-to-Work Laws and Local Economic Growth: Recent Evidence from Appalachia
Get PDFRight-to-work legislation continues to be debated at both the national and state levels. This paper seeks to inform the debate on the effectiveness of RTW laws as an economic development strategy. Using the 399 counties ofAppalachia as a case study, and a model informed by the human ecology and the new urban sociology, this paper compares recent earnings change during the last three business cycles in counties from right-to-work and non right-to-work states in the region. The analysis combines shift-share analysis and spatial lag regression analysis and estimates the relative effects of a variety of measures on county earnings change. The analysis fails to detect any overall advantage in earnings growth from nationally expanding industries for counties in RTW states since 1980. Moreover, the analysis indicates that other factors are more important in stimulating earnings growth from nationally expanding industries, particularly education. Implications for policy and legislative action are discussed
Oil and Natural Gas and Rural Local Government Finances in the Gulf of Mexico Region
Get PDFNational energy policy is focused on increasing production and exploration of existing energy sources (particularly oil and natural gas). What impact this might have on local institutions, particularly local governments who are often responsible for providing the infrastructure necessary to sustain production and exploration, is a relatively unexplored but important question. Sociological theory predicts that the effect will be most felt in nonmetropolitan communities that specialize in oil and gas production. We pursue this issue by examining the impact of the oil and gas industry boom and bust period of the 1970s and 1980s on local government finances in oil and gas intensive nonmetropolitan counties/parishes in the five states in the Gulf of Mexico region. We find that the 1977-82 boom in the oil and gas industry created more non-governmental revenue growth for local governments, and that the 1982-87 bust led to less non-governmental revenue growth for that period. We also find that in oil and gas counties/parishes revenue growth did not keep pace with expenditure growth during that period. We found similar results for expenditure growth for the boom and bust period. Mixed evidence was discovered to support the proposition that the bust cycle had long-term effects on local government revenue and expenditure growth in oil and gas counties/parishes
Employer Recruiting and the Gender Composition of Jobs
Get PDFIn this paper we examine employer recruiting in the external labor market as an intervening mechanism in the process of job gender segregation. We use data from the Metropolitan EmployerWorker Survey to examine the effects of informal and formal recruiting techniques on the gender composition of jobs, and how the characteristics of jobs, organizations, occupations and industries affect the use of formal and informal recruiting. Jobs more frequently recruited through formal techniques, such as advertisements, employ more women. In contrast, jobs more frequently recruited through informal techniques, such as business colleagues, employ fewer women. The effects of recruiting, however, are not always straightforward. Smaller establishments more frequently use current employees to recruit than do larger establishments. When smaller establishments use current employees to recruit this has a negative effect on the representation of women in jobs, while in larger establishments the use of current employees increases the representation of women
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
