1,720,962 research outputs found
Energy retrofit of an office building by substitution of the generation system: performance evaluation via dynamic simulation versus current technical standards
Full text linkConstructions built in Italy before 1945 (about 30% of the total built stock) feature low energy efficiency. Retrofit actions in this field can lead to valuable energetic and economic savings. In this work, we ran a dynamic simulation of a historical building of the University of Pisa during the heating season. We firstly evaluated the energy requirements of the building and the performance of the existing natural gas boiler, validated with past billings of natural gas. We also verified the energetic savings obtainable by the substitution of the boiler with an air-to-water electrically-driven modulating heat pump, simulated through a cycle-based model, evaluating the main economic metrics. The cycle-based model of the heat pump, validated with manufacturers' data available only at specified temperature and load conditions, can provide more accurate results than the simplified models adopted by current technical standards, thus increasing the effectiveness of energy audits
Dynamic simulation of a heat pump serving a historical building: seasonal performance and economic evaluation
No full textThe effectiveness of a retrofit action on the heat generation system of a historical building of the University of Pisa was evaluated by means of a full dynamic energy simulation and subsequent cost-benefit analysis. The building is mainly used for offices and is located in the center of the city. It can be considered as a benchmark for many Italian Public Administration buildings. The analysis is split into two phases, namely:
i) dynamic simulation of the building during the heating season, implementing actual daily and weekly schedules of presence, use of artificial lighting and other electrical equipment, management of fan coil units, and activation of the existing boiler; the calculated seasonal energy use is validated with past billings of natural gas;
ii) evaluation of energy and economic savings obtainable by replacing the boiler with an air-to-water electrically-driven modulating heat pump; its performance is obtained by simulating thermodynamic cycles under real load conditions (working fluid: R134a).
The success of the proposed retrofit measure was proven by economic investment metrics, viz.: discounted payback period, internal rate of return, net present value and profitability index at the expected end of life of the heat pump. The developed procedure can be readily applied to increase the accuracy of energy audit calculations involving a complex system as a heat pump, whose performance in tailored rating can be largely underestimated by current technical standards
Simulazione del Comportamento Dinamico di Edifici Ospedalieri e Validazione
No full textUn calcolo accurato del comportamento dinamico termoigrometrico di un ospedale è fondamentale per determinare correttamente il suo fabbisogno energetico, nonché l’efficacia di eventuali interventi sul sistema. La simulazione è stata eseguita tramite due software evoluti come TRNSYS ed EnergyPlus.
Oggetto d’indagine sono stati due ospedali, caratteristici di due tipologie costruttive significative nel parco edilizio nazionale: il Nuovo Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio di Firenze e l’Ospedale degli Infermi di San Miniato (PI). Questi ospedali sono stati simulati in termini di struttura e d’impianto. Si è tenuto conto degli specifici apporti termici interni, dei ricambi d’aria necessari e della regolazione effettuata, sulla base della diversa destinazione d’uso dei locali. Utilizzando tale criterio è stata condotta la suddivisione dell’edificio in zone simili.
Per entrambi i software è adeguatamente bassa la deviazione tra l’effettiva richiesta di energia primaria, calcolata tramite i consumi reali di carburante ed energia elettrica, e i risultati della simulazione. Si è inoltre valutata l’incidenza relativa delle varie tipologie di locali sul fabbisogno complessivo degli ospedali.
Possibili obiettivi futuri da conseguire tramite l’utilizzo di questi strumenti di simulazione validati sono la predisposizione di linee guida per il risparmio energetico nel settore ospedaliero e l’individuazione di specifici indici di riferimento per la valutazione delle prestazioni energetiche
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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