1,720,975 research outputs found
Potential antecedents of Pro-Environmental Behaviours: A pilot study for an integrative model.
No full textIntroduction. Given that human behaviours are the major cause of environmental problems it is important to establish the reasons that encourage individuals to perform Pro-Environmental Behaviours (PEBs). Some studies suggest that exposure to natural environments is associated with a greater likelihood of implementing PEBs. In particular, perceived restorativeness of natural environment, environmental attitude, and connection to nature (CNS) has been proposed as predictor of PEBs. However, although environmental psychology has sought to identify coherent patterns of antecedents of PEBs, the knowledge about the relationship and reciprocal influence between antecedents is incomplete. This project aims to fill that gap proposing an integrated model of antecedents of PEBs. Method. 126 adults (82þmale, mean age 22.4 (13.4)) were assessed using a two-wave design, and different alternatives models were tested (path analysis) to verify the relationship between restorativeness, attitude and CNS as antecedents of PEBs. Results and Conclusion. The best model (χ2(1) = 1.09; CFI = .996; RMSEA = .048) showed that environmental attitude and CNS fully mediate the relationship between restorativeness and PEBs. Further analyses with a larger sample are needed to verify other potential mediational effects
Development and validation of the scale of cultural capital
Get PDFCultural capital refers to the knowledge and use of cultural codes that are relevant in the community wherein people live. A valid scale to measure all the dimensions of cultural capital is not available. In this paper, exploratory, confirmatory, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were performed using independent samples of adults to select the best items and to investigate their factorial structure and invariance across sex and occupation prestige. We found three interrelated factors made up of 14 items: participating in groups and associations, consuming cultural events, and carrying out activities requiring expertise or creativity. This three-factor model exhibited partial factor mean invariance for sex and partial factor variance/covariance invariance for occupational prestige and convergent/divergent validity for measures of bonding and bridging social capital. The Scale of Cultural Capital is a useful tool for assessing the cultural capital in experimental and professional settings and for developing an evidence-based theoretical model
Effetti dell’esposizione ad ambienti naturali sui processi attentivi: risultati preliminari di una meta-analisi.
No full textGli ambienti rigeneranti, ovvero ambienti che promuovono, e non solo consentono, il recupero di risorse (biologiche, cognitive, psicologiche, sociali) in un individuo (Hartig, 2004), sono diventati un importante campo di ricerca in psicologia ambientale (Staats, 2012). Molti studi empirici suggeriscono che la natura è l’ambiente più rigenerante. Tuttavia, come evidenziato in alcune recensioni e meta-analisi (Berto, 2014; Hartig et al., 2014; McMahan & Estes, 2015; Ohly et al., 2016), c’è una grandissima eterogeneità, per quanto riguarda il metodo e la progettazione degli Studi, che rendono difficile confrontare i risultati e trarre conclusioni. Per questo motivo è stata fatta una revisione della letteratura degli effetti dell’esposizione ad ambienti naturali sul funzionamento globale (biologico, cognitivo, psicologico e sociale) dell’individuo per indagare le differenze rispetto all’esposizione ad ambienti non naturali. L’obiettivo generale è quello di verificare tramite metodi meta-analitici l’effetto medio riportato in letteratura e la presenza di moderatori (variabili metodologiche) che influenzano tale effetto. In quest’occasione vengono riportati i risultati preliminari delle analisi condotte su una parte degli Studi selezionati (circa la metà) che hanno indagato i livelli di attenzione misurati attraverso test cognitivi. Tali studi si basano sull’Attention Restoration Theory che suggerisce che l’esposizione ad ambienti naturali permette alle persone di liberare l’attenzione volontaria e di recuperare da una situazione di fatica cognitiva (Kaplan, 1995). 17 studi (n = 786) hanno soddisfatto i criteri di inclusione (studio sperimentale e controllato; esposizione ad almeno due ambienti reali o virtuali: uno con elementi naturali e uno senza elementi naturali; partecipanti sani in età lavorativa: range 18-65) e riportavano sufficienti dati per le analisi. Analisi di moderazione univariate sono state utilizzate per verificare l’effetto delle seguenti caratteristiche metodologiche: tipo di strumento utilizzato (Attention network test, SART, Stroop, altro), tipo (virtuale, ambiente interno, ambiente esterno) e durata dell’esposizione (meno di 5 minuti, 6-10 minuti, 11-20 minuti, 1 ora). Le analisi hanno evidenziato un effect size medio positivo (D di cohen [I.C.] = 0.51 [0.03-1.00]) con una significativa eterogeneità tra gli studi (Q(16) = 90.00, p < .001). Tuttavia, nessuna analisi di moderazione è risultata significativa. Questi risultati suggeriscono che l’esposizione ad ambienti naturali ha un effetto positivo sul funzionamento cognitivo, in particolare sui livelli di attenzione, delle persone indipendentemente dal test per l’attenzione utilizzato e dal tipo e durata dell’esposizione. Ulteriori analisi verranno condotte per verificare se altre variabili metodologiche (ad esempio il disegno di ricerca) oppure le differenze individuali (età, genere, provenienza geografica) sono in grado di spiegare, almeno in parte, l’eterogeneità tra studi
Adaptation of the personal social capital brief scale for the measurement of the offline and online social capital in Italy
Get PDFSocial Capital refers to the resources associated with durable and trustworthy social connections. Social Capital can be developed through offline and online relationships. It can be distinguished between cognitive Social Capital (perception of trustworthiness, reciprocity, and support) and structural Social Capital (density of social networks and membership, and participation in groups and associations). It can also be distinguished between bonding Social Capital (resources associated with informal networks; i.e., neighbors, friends, colleagues) and bridging Social Capital (resources associated with formal networks; i.e., community service, cultural, religious or political groups/associations). The different forms and dimensions of Social Capital may have distinct effects on health outcomes and self-rated health. Therefore, public health researchers need valid and reliable instruments to investigate Social Capital. However, valid instruments including the measurement of online Social Capital are not available. The Personal Social Capital Scale aims to assess bonding and bridging Social Capital by means of cognitive and structural items. In the present investigation, three studies were carried out (N = 1149) to adapt the Personal Social Capital Scale to develop the Personal On-Offline Social Capital Brief Scale, a brief scale for measuring online and offline bonding and bridging Social Capital in Italy. Factorial structure and convergent/divergent validity in relation to scales measuring constructs with different patterns of relationships with bonding and bridging Social Capital (i.e., social support and stress; sense of community and health) were also investigated. Overall, these studies provide evidence of reliability and validity related to the internal structure of the Personal On-Offline Social Capital Brief Scale in measuring online and offline bonding and bridging Social Capital and discriminating them from similar constructs. This scale is a useful instrument for planning public health interventions
Eco-Anxiety and Pro-Environmental Behaviour: A Comparative Study between Italy and Guatemala
No full textAccording to scientists, climate change is one of the most urgent matter nowadays. It has been proved that it has an impact on mental health. This research analyzes the relationship between eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviour in Guatemala and Italy. The results suggest that eco-anxiety could actually improve PEBs. SUBJECT AREA: Environmental Psychology KEYWORD: Eco-anxiety SUPPORTING SUMMARY THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: Eco-anxiety is defined as a chronic fear of environmental worry. Some studies proved that anxiety, personal experience with natural disasters and connection to nature improve eco-anxiety. The relationship with PEBs is unclear. Some authors suggest a positive correlation between these two. Meanwhile others define eco-anxiety like a inhibitor for the actuation of ecological behaviour. There are no studies for what concern eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviour in Guatemala, such as there are few studies for what concern countries that are not represent a occidental demographic range. The study aims to verify the presence of eco-anxiety correlated to PEBs in Guatemala, which is directly hit by the impact of climate change and compare it with an occidental country like Italy. METHODS: A total of 563 participants responded to a survey online, of which 310 from Italy and 253 from Guatemala. The majority were graduated had a range age between 20-29 years. The online survey was shared through personal contact of the authors in Italy and in Guatemala. The survey comprises different questionnaires assessing anxiety, experience with natural disaster, connection to nature, eco-anxiety, and pro-environmental behaviours, in addiction to socio-demographic information. The Italian version of the questionnaire were translated in Spanish by a native speaker . RESULTS: From the results obtained, eco-anxiety has a positive correlation with pro-environmental behaviours, with a higher level in all the pro-environmental dimension for Guatemala. It was found that eco-anxiety has a positive correlation also with the dimension of the connection to nature and with the experience with natural disasters. Regardingthe dimension of anxiety inGuatemala, unlike Italy, a negative correlation with eco-anxiety emerged. Regarding PEBs, it found that energy savings and the use of ecological transport are higher in Italy, while ecological food consumption and environmental citizenship are higher in Guatemala. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that individual who lives in a place more affected by natural disasters experiment more eco-anxiety. However, eco-anxiety seems to have a positive and adaptive response to the impact of climate change in our lives. From the results, eco-anxiety could be a valid motivator for the actuation of pro-environmental behaviour. Difference between countries could be due to cultural differences, different experience with natural disaster, or to exposition to environment with different level of biodiversity
Effects of Socio-Cultural Level (SCL) on personality dimensions
No full textGli studi sugli effetti del Livello Socio Culturale (LSC) sui fattori di personalità Big Five hanno sempre indagato Status Socio-Economico ma non Capitale Culturale (CC) e Capitale Sociale (CS). Nel presente lavoro, abbiamo studiato gli effetti di tutte le dimensioni del LSC sulla personalità di 121 donne e 106 uomini, della stessa area geografica, e li abbiamo confrontati con quelli osservati in precedenza nei loro figli adolescenti. Sono emersi effetti distinti per genere ed età: la personalità risultata influenzata dal CC in tutte le donne, dal CS nei maschi adolescenti e dal livello di istruzione negli uomini adulti
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
