1,721,023 research outputs found
Zero affixes in derivational morphology: Introduction
No full textIn this paper we offer an overview of the linguistic phenomena that have traditionally been handled by means of zero affixes and of the theoretical debate around the advantages and disadvantages of employing such null morphemes in theoretical modeling. While the advantage of positing zero affixes is straightforward from an empirical perspective (see inflectional syncretism and affixless category change, among others), their theoretical legitimacy has been controversially debated for several decades. In this overview, we present the main problems that have been brought forward against zero affixation and some of the mechanisms that have been proposed as an alternative. Finally, we show how the different articles in our edited collection contribute to this debate by addressing the following three research questions: (1) How do current theories of derivational morphology deal with linguistic phenomena that seem to involve zero affixes? (2) How do zero derivational affixes compare with their "overt analogues" (i. e. overt derivational affixes)? (3) What insights can we obtain from language-specific properties, typological generalizations and/or larger data-oriented studies on the question whether zero affixation is necessary in derivational morphology
Nominals, Polysemy and Co-predication
No full textIn this paper, we examine the event/result meaning contrast displayed by Italian nominals derived from creation and redescription verbs, such as costruzione ‘construction, building’ and traduzione ‘translation.’ The goal of our
research is twofold. First, we intend to verify whether the intriguing pattern of polysemy exhibited by these nominals may be analyzed as a special case of complex type, with the two constituents of the type analyzed as process and result-state, as proposed in Pustejovsky (1995). Second, we want to clarify what factors might be causing the difficulty in co-predication (i.e. simultaneous access to both subtypes, commonly regarded as the test for complex types) that
these nominal typically exhibit. Results of this study can be summarized as follows: the result-state interpretation (i.e. construction as ‘the state of being constructed’) appears not to be generally accessible to these nominals, and copredication appears to be licensed only under specific syntactic and semantic conditions. We claim that both behaviors follow from the inherent properties of the event associated with these nominals, which encodes a peculiar temporal relation between the subevents. Based on this insight, we propose a revised modelling of the lexical representation of creation and redescription complex nominals within Generative Lexicon (GL) theory, informed by empirical evidence. The results of our study help to provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of lexical polysemy and the interplay between aspectual and lexical
properties of Action Nominals
The zero suffix in English and Italian deverbal nouns
Full text linkIn this paper we bring evidence from English and Italian deverbal zero nominals (to climb > the climb-F- N ) that zero is a possible spell-out of a nominalizer otherwise overtly instantiated in suffixed nominals (examin-ation ). We argue in favor of a Distributed Morphology approach, a separationist theory that recognizes and easily implements zero morphology with underlying syntax-semantics. Abstracting away from other theoretical trends and their foundational reasons to refrain from using zero suffixes, we address three properties that have been argued to fundamentally distinguish zero nominals from overtly suffixed nominals, with the implication that they instantiate a different word formation process: i) realization of verbal argument structure, ii) possibility of embedding verbalizing suffixes, and iii) semantic transparency in relation to the verb. By means of corpus data and two manually collected datasets of 561 English and 174 Italian zero nominals based on lexicographic information, we bring solid evidence against these claims, by arguing that: i) a great proportion of zero nominals do realize verbal argument structure, ii) the zero affix may embed verbalizing affixes within the limits of the selectional restrictions it independently imposes on its base, and iii) zero nominals present the same patterns of polysemy that suffixed nominals display. However, we show that zero nominals also present some idiosyncrasies to the extent that not all of them express compositional event readings with argument structure, a matter that deserves further research within the frame of their competition with suffixed nominals
Inherent polysemy of action nominals
No full textWe argue that the even / result polysemy of deverbal nominals is a special case of inherent polysemy (i.e. complex type or dot object, cf. Pustejovsky 1995). Also, we intend to contribute to the representation of the even / result polysemy by investigating the distributional behaviour of deverbal nominals in text, in particular by looking at the selectional properties of their verbal and adjectival collocates
Conus Medullaris/Cauda Equina Syndrome Following a Repeated Bupivacaine 1% Spinal Anesthesia- Analysis of a Case with Review of the Literature
No full textIn the morning a healthy 40 years old female had a successful spinal anesthetic with bupivacaine 1% 10 mg for hemorrhoidectomy followed by a second injection at midnight for severe pain. The second traumatic injection caused a conus medullaris/cauda equina lesion discovered by MRI 45 days later. The contribution of hyperbaric bupivacaine dosage and pencil point needle is discussed
Concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors and dual antiplatelet therapy for cardiovascular outcomes
No full textINTRODUCTION: The aim of this review is to discuss the consequences of potential pharmacokinetic interactions between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antiplatelet therapy on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and provide guidance on the management of concomitant use of PPIs in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: DAPT combining aspirin and oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitors increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, with higher rates of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PPIs are recommended in patients at risk of bleeding to reduce the risk of GI hemorrhage. PPIs can reduce the metabolism of Clopidogrel by competing with CYP450 enzymes, mostly CYP2C19 isoform. The clinical significance of this pharmacological interaction is not uniform in observational studies. The only randomized clinical trial assessing the clinical relevance of clopidogrel-omeprazole interaction showed that the use of omeprazole was associated with a reduction in GI bleeding, without any differences in CV outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but not of mortality in patients with concomitant use of PPIs and Clopidogrel. Two metaanalysis studying the interactions between individual PPIs and Clopidogrel failed to demonstrate any strong relationships with adverse CV outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: PPIs should be administered in patients on DAPT at risk for GI bleeding. However the uncertain benefit of PPIs in patients who are not at risk of GI bleeding and the unclear risk in MACE suggest that caution should be used when prescribing PPIs in these patients
Le balconate e le pietre della cuspide: dal rilievo al restauro
No full textLa parte sommitale della torre Ghirlandina è costituita da una lanterna e una cuspide a base ottagonale che si imposta ad una quota di 59 m dal piano di campagna e si sviluppa in verticale per circa 26 m. La geometria della struttura viene evidenziata da otto costoloni che dalla sommità scendono alla base della cuspide formando una piramide a base ottagonale. La cuspide è ornata da due balconate ottagonali, una alla base, collocata a quota 60 m, e una minore situata a 78 m di altezza. Le balconate rappresentano elementi molto importanti nella struttura della torre, tanto che una delle ipotesi sull’origine del nome Ghirlandina fa riferimento proprio alle due balaustre, denominate ghirlande, che ne coronano la sommità (Valdrighi, 1876).La balconata inferiore è composta da 64 colonnine, otto per lato, montate su di una unica lastra di pietra scolpita che funge da basamento. Sopra le colonne è collocata una cimasa mentre agli angoli si trovano otto pilastri angolari sormontati da elementi che terminano con una sfera coronata da una fiamma. La balconata superiore è composta da 24 colonne, tre per lato, montate su singoli dadi e completate, come in quella inferiore, con una cimasa. Anche qui si trovano i pilastri angolari che sono però ornati da semplici sfere.L’intera cuspide e le balconate sono realizzate in Rosso Ammonitico, con una ridotta quantità di Scaglia Rossa (Lugli et al., 2009)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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