78 research outputs found
DM_questionnaries_1 – Supplemental material for Predictors of self-care activities of outpatient diabetic residents in Harar and Dire Dawa: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
No full textSupplemental material, DM_questionnaries_1 for Predictors of self-care activities of outpatient diabetic residents in Harar and Dire Dawa: A hospital-based cross-sectional study by Behailu Hawulte Ayele, Melkamu Merid Mengesha and Tewodros Tesfa in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Assessment of disordered eating attitudes and associated factors among female undergraduates at Arba Minch University, Southern Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Background Eating disorders significantly impact physical health and have negative psychosocial consequences. The global burden of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa among young females is estimated to account for 1.9 million disability-adjusted life years. Early identification of disordered eating attitudes is critical for preventing the progression to more severe forms of eating disorders; however, there is limited evidence on this issue among university students in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess disordered eating attitudes and their associated factors among female students at Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Arba Minch University from January 1, 2023, to April 1, 2023. A total of 600 female students participated in the study, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, entered into Epi-Info version 7, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with disordered eating attitudes, with variables having p-values <0.05 considered statistically significant. The strength and presence of associations between the outcome variable and independent variables were measured using adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results The study found that the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes among female students at Arba Minch University was 11.5% (95% CI: 9.0-14.3). Factors significantly associated with disordered eating attitudes included academic department (AOR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.06-4.86) and body mass index (AOR=5.83, 95% CI: 2.34-14.52). Conclusion The study indicated a notable prevalence of disordered eating attitudes among female students at Arba Minch University. Body mass index and academic department were found to be significantly associated with these attitudes. The link between disordered eating and body image concerns underscores the need for policies promoting self-confidence and positive body image. More specifically, university health services should implement routine screening using EAT-26, combined with psychological counseling services to support at-risk students
De origine Dominii
No full textquam ... praeside ... Dn. Ioh. Casp. Seelmattero iurisprudentiae universalis in illustri schola patria professore ordinario, domino fautore & praeceptore suo omni honoris & observantiae cultu nunquam non suspiciendo, publicae disquisitionis materiam esse voluit Gabriel Roht, HB. ll.s. author & respondens, die 11. Novemb. anno M.DC.LXXX. in audit. hyber. à merid. ad vesp.Druckermarke von Gabriel Thormann auf der TitelseiteDiss. Hohe Schule Bern, 168
Predictors of time to recovery from cataract surgery among cataract patients at Menelik II Comprehensive Specialized Hospital : a retrospective follow up study
No full textBackground: Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness globally, disproportionately affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, cataracts remain a significant public health concern. Despite the effectiveness of cataract surgery in restoring vision, information on recovery time and its predictors remain limited. The aim of this study was to assess time to recovery and its predictors among patients undergoing cataract. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 459 cataract patients who underwent surgery between January 1 and December 31, 2023. Data were randomly extracted from their medical records between June 1 and August 15, 2024. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival probabilities and compare groups, with significant differences tested using the log-rank test. The Weibull regression with the inverse Gaussian frailty was applied following a goodness-of-fit test to identify predictors of time to recovery. Results are presented as adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical tests were declared significant at P-value < 0.05. Results: we reviewed 459 patient cards, and 368 (80.17%, 95% CI: 76.26–83.58%) had recovered from a cataract surgery over 7,919.28 person-weeks. The overall incidence rate of recovery was at 46.47 per 1,000 persons per week (95% CI: 41.95–51.47). The median recovery time was at 18.14 weeks (IQR: 12.29–24, 95% CI: 17.14–18.86). Age over 60 years (AHR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07–0.96), urban residence (AHR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.15–2.70), preoperative visual acuity (medium: AHR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.23–3.18; high: AHR = 5.83, 95% CI: 1.72–19.77), comorbidities (ocular: AHR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.15–0.61; systemic: AHR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.75), type of surgery (phacoemulsification: AHR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.06–3.67; intracapsular cataract extraction: AHR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.89), and complications (intraoperative: AHR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12–0.71; postoperative: AHR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06–0.47), and surgeries performed by an ophthalmologist (AHR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.80–6.55) were statistically significant predictors of time to recovery from cataract surgery. Conclusion: The median recovery time was shorter than in previous local studies but longer than in developed countries. Improved preoperative assessment, better comorbidity management, and minimizing complications may contribute to better recovery outcomes. The use of phacoemulsification and procedures performed by experienced ophthalmologists were associated with shorter recovery times, but further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. Personalized care approaches are recommended to optimize postoperative recovery
Treatment outcome and factors affecting time to recovery in children with severe acute malnutrition treated at outpatient therapeutic care program
No full textBackground: The outpatient therapeutic care program (OTP) of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has been decentralized to health post level in Ethiopia since 2008–2009. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding treatment outcomes and factors related to the duration of stay on treatment after its decentralization to health post level. Objective: This study was aimed to assess treatment outcome and factors affecting time to recovery in children with SAM treated at OTP. Design: Health facility–based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 348 patient cards. The outcome variable was time to recovery. Descriptive analysis was done using percentages for categorical data and mean/median for continuous variables. A robust method of analyzing time to event data, the Cox proportional-hazard regression, was used. All statistical tests in this study are declared significant at p<0.05. Result: 89.1% of children with kwashiorkor and 69.4% of children with marasmus were recovered. Of the total children studied, 22% were readmitted cases. The median time of recovery was 35 days for children with kwashiorkor and 49 days for children with marasmus. Children older than 3 years were 33% less likely to achieve nutritional recovery [adjusted hazard ratio, AHR=0.67, 95% confidence interval, CI (0.46, 0.97)]. Similarly, marasmic children stayed longer on treatment [AHR=0.42, 95% CI (0.32, 0.56)]. However, children who gained Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) ≥ 0.24 mm/day were 59% more likely to recover faster [AHR=1.59, 95% CI (1.23, 2.06)]. Conclusions: Close monitoring of weight and MUAC gain to assess nutritional improvement with due emphasis given to children with lower admission weight, children of age 3 years and above and marasmic children will have a positive effect on treatment duration and outcome
Magnitude and factors associated with virological failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective chart review
No full textAbstract Background First-line antiretroviral therapy failure reduces the benefits of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) program and could lead to regimen change to a more expensive second-line ART. To identify ART failure, routine viral load monitoring is recommended as the gold standard and has been implemented in Ethiopia since 2017. However, evidence regarding the virological failure of the first-line ART is limited in the study setting, Dire Dawa Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with virological treatment failure among adults on first-line ART follow-up in Dire Dawa between January 2017 and December 2019. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted among 272 randomly selected adults on first-line ART follow-up, between January 2017 to December 2019. Data were collected from patients’ medical records, entered into epi data version 3.02 and exported to Stata version 15 software for analysis. A bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with virological first-line ART failure. The goodness of fit of the model was assessed using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. All statistical tests are declared significant at a P-value of < 0.05. Results A total of 257 ART patients’ records were included for final analysis. The magnitude of first-line ART virological failure was 11.28% (95% CI 7.69, 15.80). Baseline undernutritional status (AOR = 3.72: 1.05, 13.14), serostatus nondisclosure (AOR = 4.45: 1.34, 14.79), early (≤ 30 days) ART initiation (AOR = 0.235: 0.064, 0.859), history of missed any daily ART dose (AOR = 3.16: 1.01, 9.89) and dolutegravir-based regimen (AOR = 0.28: 0. 09, 0.90) were significantly associated with virological failure of first-line ART. Conclusion The magnitude of virological first-line ART failure in this study was relatively high. Virological first-line ART failure was significantly associated with baseline BMI, HIV serostatus disclosure, duration of ART initiation after HIV diagnosis, history of missed ART doses, and substitution of DTG-based ART first-line regimens. To avoid treatment failure, it is crucial to disclose one's serostatus, encourage adherence initiatives, and early initiation of ART preferably a dolutegravir-based regimen
Psychosocial support and HIV-related stigma intervention needs of adolescents living with HIV in southern Ethiopia : insights from adolescents, caregivers, and healthcare providers
No full textBackground: HIV-related stigma interventions targeting adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are limited. When available, most of these interventions operate at a single socioecological level and target a single stigma domain, and participatory design is rare. Objective: This study aimed to explore the psychosocial support intervention needs of ALHIV from the perspectives of adolescents, caregivers, and healthcare providers, and to develop a digital anti-HIV-related stigma intervention. Methods: A formative qualitative design with 27 in-depth interviews was conducted in three hospitals that provide an in-clinic psychosocial support to ALHIV in southern Ethiopia. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated, and analysed using NVivo 14.0. Codes emerged from the data, leading to the development of categories and subcategories through qualitative content analysis. Results: The results are presented in three categories: coping with today, lowering barriers through knowledge and education, and worrying about future relationship. Fear of rejection and lack of trust led ALHIV to keep their status secret. Although adolescents were optimistic about their future in areas like education, achieving goals, and employment, they worried about forming relationships. Peer support groups offered valuable experiential support but struggled with geographical and logistical barriers. Digital tools emerged as a promising solution to overcome these barriers and enhance peer support group networking. Conclusion: Addressing nondisclosure reasons, such as fear of rejection and lack of emotional preparedness, and enhancing supportive networks can empower adolescents and strengthen their resilience. Their willingness to disclose and educate others can lay the groundwork for creating a stigma-free environment
Dissertatio Inauguralis Medico-Chirurgica De Spina Ventosa
No full textPrag, Univ., Med. Diss., 1744Quam ... Præside ... D. Joanne Ignatio Mayer de Mayersbach, ... Pro Suprema Doctoratus Medici Laurea Propugnandas exposuit Author & Defendens Franciscus Dutoy Bohemus Pragensis, AA. LL. Philosophiæ Doctor, Medicinæ Candidatus. Annô 1744. Mense Augusto, Die Horis post merid. consu.Titel erstreckt sich über 2 SeitenAutopsie nach Ex. der ULB Sachsen-AnhaltVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Excudebat Vetero-Pragæ, in Aula Regia, Joannes Norbertus Fitzky, Archi-Episcopalis Typographus
Poor adult tuberculosis treatment outcome and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia : An institution-based cross-sectional study
No full textTuberculosis (TB) remains a major medical and public health problem throughout the world, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Its control program is currently being challenged by the spread of drug-resistant TB, which is the result of poor treatment outcomes. Hence, this study assessed poor adult TB treatment outcomes and associated factors in Gibe Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1, 2020 to March 30, 2020, using a standard checklist to review clinical charts of TB patients who enrolled on first-line TB treatment under DOTS between June 2016 and June 2019. Poor treatment outcomes constituted death during treatment, treatment failure, and loss to follow-up (LTFU). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of study participants. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors influencing treatment outcome and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were reported. The statistical significance of all tests in this study was declared at P-value <5%. A total of 400 adult TB patients were participated. The mean age of study participants was 39.2±16.7 years, 55.5% were males and 79.8% were pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Regarding the treatment outcomes, 58% completed treatment, 27.5% cured, 9.3% were LTFU, 3.2% died, and 2.0% failed. The overall poor treatment outcome was 14.5% (95% CI: 11.1-17.9). Age (aOR = 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), male gender (aOR = 1.82; 95% CI: 0.99-3.73), travel ≥ 10 kilometres to receive TB treatment (aOR = 6.55; 95% CI: 3.02-14.19), and lack of family support during the course of treatment (aOR = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.37-6.70), and bedridden baseline functional status (aOR = 4.40; 95% CI: 0.96-20.06) were factors associated with poor treatment outcome. Successful TB treatment outcome in this study area was below the national TB treatment success rate. To improve positive treatment outcomes, remote areas should be prioritized for TB interventions, and stakeholders in TB treatment and care should give special emphasis to adults over the age of 45 years, males, those who travel more than 10 kilometres to receive TB care, having bedridden baseline functional status and those who had no family support
Antiretroviral therapy non-adherence among children living with HIV in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia : a case-control study
No full textBackground: In 2018, nearly 90% of the global children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Compared to the adult population, antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage among children was limited. However, adherence remained a problem among children though they had limited access to ART. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors of non-adherence to ART among children aged 6 to 17 years. Methods:: This case-control study was conducted in 2020 using data obtained from clinical record reviews and self-reported data from 272 caregivers of HIV-infected children aged 6–17 years. Cases and controls represented children with poor versus children with good adherence to ART, respectively. Good adherence was defined based on a past 30-day physician adherence evaluation of taking ≥ 95% of the prescribed doses. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with non-adherence to ART. All statistical tests are defined as statistically significant at P-values < 0.05. Results:: Of the 272 children, for whom data were obtained, 78 were cases and 194 were controls; females accounted for 56.3%, 32% attended secondary school, and for 83.1%, the reporting caregivers were biological parents. Non-adherent children had higher odds of association with the following risk factors: a caregiver who is a current substance user (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.44, 5.71), using AZT-and ABC-based regimen compared to the TDF-regimen (AZT-based, aOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 1.43, 11.86; ABC-based, aOR = 5.58, 95% CI: 1.70, 18.30), and had an increase in viral load from baseline compared to those remained undetectable (remained at or decreased to < 1000, aOR = 4.87, 95% CI: 1.65, 14.33; remained at ≥ 1000, aOR = 9.30, 95% CI: 3.69, 23.46). In contrast, non-adherent children had 66% lower odds of being at early adolescent age compared to 6–9 years old (10–14 years, aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.99) and had 70% lower odds of being aware of their HIV status (aOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.73). Conclusion:: Technical support to caregivers to build disclosure self-efficacy, identifying the appropriate regimen for children, counseling on viral load suppression on subsequent visits, and helping caregivers avoid or reduce substance use may help improve the problem of children’s non-adherence to ART
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