1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Impact of sorbic acid and other mild preservation stresses on germination and outgrowth of Bacillus cereus spores
No full text Weak organic acids such as sorbic acid, lactate, and acetic acid are widely used by the food industry as preservatives to control growth of micro-organisms. With the current trend towards milder processing of food products, opportunities arise for spore-forming spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacillus cereus, that may survive the use of milder heating regimes. Dormant spores produced by B. cereus can survive processing conditions and their subsequent outgrowth increases the risk of premature spoilage and food safety issues. As a consequence, the use of additional preservation hurdles, such as acidification with weak organic acid additives to ensure the quality and safety of a product is important. Sorbic acid is widely used as an antimicrobial compound because of its strong inhibitory properties against bacteria and other spoilage organisms. Its effectivity has also been ascribed to its hydrophobic character, resulting in an additional mode of action not observed with other less lipophilic organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid. In this project the impact of sorbic acid on spore germination and outgrowth was studied at transcriptome level and was linked to the distinct phenotypic responses observed for spores exposed to different levels of sorbic acid. The various stages of spore germination and outgrowth could be recognized by distinct gene expression profiles representing either the germination phase, transition state between germination and outgrowth or outgrowing cells, respectively. A subset of genes was specifically expressed in sorbic acid-exposed germinating spores and included functions related to cell envelope, (multi) drug transporters and amino acid metabolism. At high concentrations of sorbic acid (3mM of the undisssociated form, HSA), nutrient-induced germination of B. cereus ATCC 14579 spores was completely blocked. This blockage was shown to be reversible and could be bypassed by known non-nutrient triggers that activate spores in a receptor-independent way, pointing to a possible interference of HSA with the signaling event between germinant receptors and proposed SpoVA-channels, possibly by accumulation into the spore’s inner membrane. Additional experiments with other inhibiting compounds, including organic acids and their structurally similar alcohol counterparts, showed that the lipophilic properties are an important determinant of its efficacy to block germination. Building on current knowledge on the interaction of germination-relevant protein clusters, we discuss a hypothetical model on the mode of action of sorbic acid and other short-chain lipophilic compounds in germination inhibition of B. cereus spores. In addition to the interference or even blockage of germination, sorbic acid may increase outgrowth heterogeneity when applied at lower concentrations (0.25-1.5 mM) that still allow outgrowth. The first stages of outgrowth were shown to specifically occur heterogeneously when spores were exposed to multiple stresses simultaneously. Heterogeneity effects were most pronounced for combined stress-effects where heat-treated spores were also exposed to low pH stress. Under these conditions, a large subpopulation of spores was delayed between initial germination and swelling and further outgrowth. For the food producing industry, it would be desirable to have reliable parameters to predict the behavior of surviving spores in a food product. Data presented in this thesis show that germination rate is not a good predictor for outgrowth heterogeneity when applied as a single indicator. In conclusion, the work described in this thesis strive to obtain a better understanding on the impact that preservation stresses, including (sorbic) acid stress, have on the germination and outgrowth (heterogeneity) of B. cereus spores. The results obtained in this project may contribute to the rational design of new concepts for improved food preservation and safety.</p
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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