1,236 research outputs found
Die Behandlung der psychischen Störung: Hegel und Pinel gegen die De-Humanisierung der Geisteskranken
No full textThe French psychiatrist Philippe Pinel and the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel each endorsed a concept and a treatment of mental insanity which was at that time completely original and apparently difficult to put into practice: they both viewed insanity as something human, in which individuals retain a residue of rationality. The aim of my essay is to demonstrate that Pinel’s observations in psychiatry and Hegel’s philosophical understanding of mental insanity resist an approach to mentally insane people in which human dignity is not respected. First, I will focus on the treatment methods that Jean- Martin Charcot carried out in the second half of the nineteenth century in the Salpêtrière “madhouse” in Paris. In contrast to these methods, I will then discuss Hegel’s original understanding of mental illness and its connection to Pinel’s revolution in psychiatry. I will conclude by explaining the significant theoretical and practical implications of this concept of mental insanity
Analysis of the EPC template in Annex V to the EPBD recast proposal. Focus on newly proposed indicators and identification of synergies between EPCs and other tools.
No full textAccording to the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Energy Performance of Buildings (recast), by 2025 Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) across the European Union shall comply with a common template, presented in Annex V to the Proposal.
This report presents a review study regarding the indicators of the EPC templates across Europe in comparison to the proposed ones within Annex V of the EPBD recast. To this end, the authors developed a methodology based on a qualitative and quantitative approach. The study provides a comprehensive overview, presented in tabular and graphical forms, where each indicator listed in Annex V is clustered and analyzed for compliance verification. The report also includes a section about the estimation of additional burden/costs that might impact the overall costs for both assessors and building owners, derived from the inclusion of those new indicators into the EPC template.
A second part of the study aims at highlighting synergies between EPCs and other building-related certification tools, namely the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI), LEVEL(s), Building Renovation Passports (BRP), and Digital Building Logbooks (DBL). Data are often spread over many places and tools and in some cases are re-created several times leading to a lack of transparency and clarity. The study set the basis for a comprehensive overview, implementable over time, presenting in tabular and graphical form the correlation among the energy efficiency-related tools and the potential synergies with the EPC scheme. Finally, the report highlights how the framing of information can lead an EPC to be more or less effective at encouraging the choice of more energy efficient buildings
Progress on the implementation of Energy Performance Certificates in EU
No full textEnergy performance certificates (EPCs) are a key policy tool to inform about and to foster improvements to the energy performance of the building stock. Since their introduction in 2002 by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), EPCs have been implemented across Member States (MSs) in different ways, depending on the political and legal context, the available technical capacities, as well as the characteristics of the buildings stock and buildings market in general.
In 2021, in the context of ?Fit for 55? legislative package, the European Commission proposed the third revision of the EPBD. The proposal improves the provisions on EPCs, their issuing and display, and their databases. In particular, it pursues harmonisation across MSs through a mandatory template for EPCs and a harmonised scale of energy performance classes.
This report presents the results of a survey conducted by JRC among MSs to collect information on how each MS has implemented the EPC scheme. It highlights differences among MSs regarding the energy uses included in the calculation, the floor area considered, the definition of energy classes, the main indicator(s), the number of EPCs issued, the availability of a national register, the mechanisms in place to ensure the quality of EPCs
The Engagement of Small European Municipalities in Achieving the Climate Neutrality
No full textOver the past two decades, European municipalities have been including in their local strategies energy and climate consideration, thereby developing actions plans with a growing focus on both mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This paradigmatic change has been supported by the EU policy framework on energy, climate and environment, currently enshrined in the European Green Deal, and by the new Leipzig Charter on sustainable cities, which have set the “green” transition as a reference for implementing interventions aimed at reducing carbon emissions. In the challenge of climate change adaptation and mitigation, major European cities have behaved as frontrunner to meet ambitious climate targets by designing and implementing a well-developed set of experiences and good practices. However, also small municipalities with a population of less than 10000 inhabitants have been playing a key role in the climate transition.
This is evident from the high participation of small municipalities in the Covenant of Mayors initiative in Europe (CoM), covering the 63% of the whole CoM signatories. The CoM initiative is supporting local authorities in taking local action against climate change through a bottom-up voluntary approach. CoM signatories commit to develop a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) to meet their energy and climate targets. By analyzing the SECAPs of a sample of small municipalities with most ambitious 2030 targets in the EU, this paper aims to explore how these signatories intend to achieve their objectives thereby building upon their actions to identify urban planning trends and options
Are European cities achieving emission reduction commitments? A comparative analysis under the Covenant of Mayors initiative
No full textCities are widely recognized as responsible for Greenhouse Gas emissions while being affected by climate change. The potential of cities in contributing to the climate challenge has been clearly recognized and supported within Europe by the Covenant of Mayors initiative. Climate strategies at the local level are site-specific and suit local communities and territories’ needs and peculiarities. In addition, several drivers can influence the impacts of CC mitigation policies at the urban scale. This paper follows the pathway set by former studies with the aim to understand potential factors positively or negatively influencing the results of planned measures by CoM signatories in their SEAPs by mainly focusing on policy instruments and sectors, in addition to other previously explored characteristics. To this aim, this study provides a regression analysis based on data regarding Baseline Emission Inventories and Monitoring Emission Inventories from a sample of CoM signatories as of August 2019
Giulia Veronica Varisco
No full textThe headword explains the biography and the contribution of the author Giulia Varisco to the children's literatur
GHG Emission Factors for Local Energy Use
No full textIn the context of EU and Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, the JRC provides energy related GHG emission factors. This dataset provides updated CoM emission factors for local energy use and local electricity generation.
Three types of emission factors can be found in this dataset, following two approaches: an activity-based (IPCC) approach and a life-cycle (LC) approach. In the activity-based approach, (i) an emission factor is provided for CO2 emissions (in t CO2/MWh) only, and (ii) another for GHG emissions including CO2, CH4 and N2O (in tCO2-eq/MWh); in the LC approach (iii) an emission factor is provided accounting for GHG emissions including CO2, N2O and CH4 (in t CO2-eq/MWh), including upstream (supply chain) emissions.
Further details on the data and methodology used to calculate the emission factors presented in this version can be found in Bastos, Monforti-Ferrario and Melica (2024).JRC.C.5 - Clean Air and Climat
Towards harmonising energy performance certificate indicators in Europe
No full textAchieving the European Union's ambitious goal of transforming buildings into carbon-neutral assets is crucial for combating climate change and improving energy efficiency. The harmonization of Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) plays a vital role in this effort. It can provide a standardized measure of building energy performance, which is crucial for benchmarking and improving energy efficiency across Member States. In the context of the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) of 2024, this study examines the progress made by EU Member States in standardizing EPCs. The research aims to evaluate the implementation of EPC indicators, focusing on data quality, calculation methods, and costs. The methodological procedure followed for the study led to the development of a dedicated Cross Comparative Matrix (CCM) to assess the implementation of EPC indicators across 27 EU Member States and their reading feature allowed the declination into three scenarios for different EPC data analysis: qualitative, quantitative and burden costs. The findings reveal significant disparities, particularly in areas such as thermal comfort and smart readiness, due to the lack of a common methodology and local regulatory differences. While key indicators like energy performance class and primary energy use are widely implemented, compliance with EU standards varies. The study concludes by recommending standardized methodologies and enhanced assessor training to improve EPC quality, harmonization, and effectiveness. This research contributes to policy discussions by offering a comprehensive framework for EPC evaluation and insights into improving data quality, reliability, and accessibility. The originality of this study lies in its cross-national analysis, highlighting the need for a unified EPC scheme to promote building sustainability across the EU
GHG Emission Factors for Electricity Consumption
No full textIn the context of EU and Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, the JRC provides energy related GHG emission factors. This dataset provides updated CoM emission factors for national electricity consumption (also referred to as National and European Emission Factors for Electricity - NEEFE).
Three types of emission factors can be found in this dataset, following two approaches: an activity-based (IPCC) approach and a life-cycle (LC) approach. In the activity-based approach, (i) an emission factor is provided for CO2 emissions (in t CO2/MWh) only, and (ii) another for GHG emissions including CO2, CH4 and N2O (in t CO2-eq/MWh); in the LC approach (iii) an emission factor is provided accounting for GHG emissions including CO2, N2O and CH4 (in tCO2-eq/MWh), including upstream (supply chain) emissions.
Further details on the data and methodology used to calculate the emission factors presented in this version can be found in Bastos, Monforti-Ferrario and Melica (2024).JRC.C.5 - Clean Air and Climat
Ytterbium Disilicate/Monosilicate Multilayer Environmental Barrier Coatings: Influence of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Parameters on Composition and Microstructure
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Ytterbium Disilicate/Monosilicate Multilayer Environmental Barrier Coatings: Influence of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Parameters on Composition and Microstructure
by Giulia Di Iorio,Laura Paglia *ORCID,Giulia PedrizzettiORCID,Virgilio GenovaORCID,Francesco MarraORCID,Cecilia BartuliORCID andGiovanni PulciORCID
INSTM Reference Laboratory for Materials and Surface Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2023, 13(9), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091602
Original submission received: 10 August 2023 / Revised: 31 August 2023 / Accepted: 11 September 2023 / Published: 13 September 2023
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Abstract
SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (SiCf/SiC CMCs) are regarded as the new materials for the hot-section components of aircraft gas turbine engines, since they have one-third of the density of metallic superalloys, a higher temperature capability, good mechanical strength, and excellent thermal shock resistance. However, high-temperature water-vapor-rich combustion gases can induce severe surface recession phenomena in SiC/SiC leading to component failure. For this reason, it is necessary to design protective coatings, i.e., environmental barrier coatings (EBCs), able to protect the SiC/SiC surface in combustion environments. In the present work, ytterbium monosilicate (Yb2SiO5), stable when exposed to water vapor at high temperatures, and ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7), characterized by a thermal expansion coefficient closer to that of the substrate, were selected for a multilayer EBC system. EBCs were processed using the atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique. A set of deposition parameters were tested, varying the power of the torch, and the composition and microstructure of the deposited coatings were studied in terms of porosity, crack density, and post-deposition phase retention by performing SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. The results allow for the definition of the influence of deposition parameters on the final properties of multilayer EBC coatings
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