262,558 research outputs found
[Review of] D. H. Melhem. Gwendolyn Brooks: Poetry and the Heroic Voice
No full textThis book might have worked out as an article, but it was a gross mistake in book form. That is to say, on the development of what Melhem calls the heroic voice there might have been an intelligent and informative study of about article length. I can\u27t be certain, however, that Melhem had a definite sense of her subject, because voice sometimes means prosody, sometimes form, sometimes subject (or theme ), most often (possibly!), style
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Multiple sclerosis: identification of temporal changes in brain lesions with computer-assisted detection software.
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with a progressing and evolving course. Serial imaging with MRI is the mainstay in monitoring and managing MS patients. In this work we demonstrate the performance of a locally developed computer-assisted detection (CAD) software used to track temporal changes in brain MS lesions. CAD tracks changes in T2-bright MS lesions between two time points on a 3D high-resolution isotropic FLAIR MR sequence of the brain acquired at 3 Tesla. The program consists of an image-processing pipeline, and displays scrollable difference maps used as an aid to the neuroradiologist for assessing lesional change. To assess the value of the software we have compared diagnostic accuracy and duration of interpretation of the CAD-assisted and routine clinical interpretations in 98 randomly chosen, paired MR examinations from 88 patients (68 women, 20 men, mean age 43.5, age range 21-75) with a diagnosis of definite MS. The ground truth was determined by a three-expert panel. In case-wise analysis, CAD interpretation showed higher sensitivity than a clinical report (87% vs 77%, respectively). Lesion-wise analysis demonstrated improved sensitivity of CAD over a routine clinical interpretation of 40%-48%. Mean software-assisted interpretation time was 2.7 min. Our study demonstrates the potential of including CAD software in the workflow of neuroradiology practice for the detection of MS lesional change. Automated quantification of temporal change in MS lesion load may also be used in clinical research, e.g., in drug trials
Protecting Animals 36: Author Witi Ihimaera
No full textIn this very special episode of Knowing Animals I am joined by beloved New Zealand author Witi Ihimaera. Witi has written many books featuring nonhuman animals. He offers us a non-colonial lens through which to think about the human/nonhuman relationship
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Influència de les variants genètiques de la COMT i el DAT en l'activació cerebral i en el processament cognitiu i emocional
No full text[cat] D'entre totes les catecolamines, la dopamina és la més important del sistema nerviós central, on regula funcions com la conducta motora, les emocions i la cognició. Donada la implicació del sistema dopaminèrgic en diverses disfuncions cerebrals, com ara l'esquizofrènia, la malaltia de Parkinson o el trastorn per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat, l'estudi d'aquest sistema ha esdevingut de gran importància. Els dos mecanismes més importants de terminació de l'activitat dopaminèrgica a nivell sinàptic són la recaptació mitjançant el transportador de la dopamina (DAT) i la degradació a través de la catecol-o-metiltransferasa (COMT). El gen del DAT presenta un polimorfisme consistent en un número variable de repeticions en tàndem (VNTR) de 40 parells de bases (bp). Aquest polimorfisme es troba en una regió no codificant del gen i, per tant, no està associat a mutacions en la seqüència d'aminoàcids de la proteïna, però sí s'han observat diferències en la disponibilitat de la proteïna associades al VNTR. Tot i que els estudis in vivo han estat poc concloents, els estudis in vitro suggereixen una major expressió de la proteïna associada a l'al·lel de 10 repeticions, la qual conduiria a menors nivells de dopamina sinàptica. La COMT és un enzim que pot catalitzar la metilació de petites molècules com fàrmacs, hormones i neurotransmissors o de macromolècules com les proteïnes, l'ARN o l'ADN. El gen de la COMT mostra un polimorfisme funcional causat per la transició d'una guanina a una adenina que suposa un canvi de l'aminoàcid valina per l'aminoàcid metionina al codó 108/158, depenent de si la forma de l'enzim codificada és la citosòlica (codó 108) o la membranal (codó 158). L'enzim que conté l'aminoàcid metionina és termolàbil a 37 ºC, mentre que l'enzim que conté l'aminoàcid valina mostra major estabilitat a temperatures entre els 37 i els 56 ºC. La major estabilitat comporta uns majors nivells d'activitat enzimàtica i, en conseqüència, una menor disponibilitat dopaminèrgica a nivell sinàptic. En els dos estudis que formen aquesta tesi vàrem avaluar l'efecte de les variants genètiques de la COMT i del DAT sobre l'activació cerebral relacionada amb la memòria de treball i el processament d'emocions, així com el seu impacte sobre les funcions cognitives prefrontals. A tal efecte, es va estudiar, mitjançant la tècnica de ressonància magnètica funcional (RMf) i l'administració de proves prefrontals, una mostra de subjectes sans dels quals s'havien obtingut prèviament el genotip per als polimorfismes Val108/158 Met de la COMT i 40 bp VNTR del DAT. Les anàlisis van mostrar una relació entre el genotip de la COMT i l'execució en el Wisconsin Card Sorting Tests (WCST). Concretament, el nombre d'al·lels Val estava relacionat amb un pitjor rendiment en aquest test, reflectit pel major nombre d'errors perseveratius. Pel que fa al genotip del DAT, es va observar un efecte sobre la variable temps de reacció del Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Els subjectes homozigots per a l'al·lel de 9 repeticions van ser els que van mostrar els temps de reacció més elevats, mentre que els subjectes homozigots per a l'al·lel de 10 repeticions van mostrar els temps de reacció més baixos. Tots dos genotips es van relacionar amb el nombre d'errors de comissió en el CPT. El nombre d'al·lels Val de la COMT i el nombre d'al·lels de 10 repeticions del DAT estaven relacionats amb un major nombre d'errors de comissió. Pel que fa a les dades de RMf no es va observar cap efecte dels genotips de la COMT i del DAT independentment, però sí un efecte additiu dels dos genotips sobre l'activació cerebral a la circumvolució frontal mitja (BA 9) durant la realització de l'N-back. Durant el processament d'emocions es va observar un efecte principal del genotip de la COMT en l'activació de l'amígdala dreta. Anàlisis posteriors van revelar una major activació de l'amígdala dreta en els subjectes homozigots per a l'al·lel Met en relació als portadors de l'al·lel Val. Els nostres resultats mostren, per tant, que les variacions genètiques que afecten la transmissió dopaminèrgica tenen un impacte sobre la fisiologia cerebral i sobre el rendiment cognitiu
The impact of Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the metabolic benefits of calorie restriction
No full textMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects 20-30% of adults in
western countries and is closely linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S),
once solely perceived as toxic, is now recognised for its role in various physiological and
pathological processes. H₂S donors have shown promise in treating fatty liver disease and
reducing blood pressure in animal models, but their therapeutic use is hindered by challenges
in H₂S pharmacokinetics. The sulphur oxidation pathway (SOP), which regulates H₂S levels
through its disposal, has been underexplored as a potential route to therapeutic H₂S elevation.
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST), a mitochondrial enzyme, is part of the SOP and
metabolises H2S, indirectly, to prevent toxicity. Previous work leading up to this thesis showed
that TST mRNA levels were upregulated during the early steatosis stage of MASLD in humans.
Given the previously identified metabolic protective effect of adipose tissue TST elevation, I
hypothesised that elevation of hepatic TST in early MASLD was a protective mechanism,
counteracting declining liver function in MASLD. Improved metabolic health following
calorie restriction (CR) is mediated in part through increased hepatic production of H₂S. Tst⁻/⁻
mice exhibited elevated systemic H₂S levels, therefore I hypothesised they may have an
enhanced response to CR.
In chapters 3 and 4, I tested the hypothesis that elevated hepatic TST expression in MASLD
offered protection against MASLD development using a liver-specific overexpression mouse
model (Liv_hTST). Male and female C57BL/6J and Liv_hTST mice were fed either a control
diet or MASLD-inducing GAN diet for 20 weeks. Systemic and hepatic sulfide levels were
measured, fat and lean mass assessed, and glucose tolerance evaluated. In vitro, HepaRG cells
with TST overexpression were tested for lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and
mitochondrial function. Results showed sex-specific effects on sulfide levels and glucose
tolerance, with protective effects against fibrosis in male mice in vivo, and a worsening of the
impaired lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in vitro. This research addresses the gap
in understanding of the protective role ascribed to elevated TST expression against steatogenic
liver changes in MASLD and revealed novel sex-specific effects on systemic sulfide levels,
glucose tolerance, and fibrosis.
In chapter 5, I investigated whether Tst⁻/⁻ mice experienced enhanced metabolic benefits from
CR due to their elevated systemic sulfide. Ten-week-old male and female C57BL/6J and Tst⁻/⁻
mice underwent 4-week 30% CR. Indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance, H₂S production, and
disposal (SOP) enzyme levels were assessed. Tst⁻/⁻ males had higher systemic but similar
hepatic sulfide levels compared to C57BL/6J males, confirming previous work. CR did not
affect sulfide levels but improved glucose tolerance in Tst⁻/⁻ males, despite their resistance to
fat mass loss. Energy expenditure and substrate utilisation were similar between genotypes.
Females were unaffected by the lack of TST and had lower levels of hepatic H₂S metabolism
enzymes. Our findings suggested mechanisms beyond hepatic sulfide modulation mediate CR
benefits. Understanding the novel role of elevated systemic H₂S and TST deficiency in
maintaining fat mass and concurrent metabolic benefits with CR may inform H₂S -targeted
therapeutic strategies in the future
Author in Essay by I. A. Goncharov “Pepiniere”
No full textFeatures of the embodiment of the author’s position in the essay by I. A. Goncharov “Pepiniere” are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the poorly studied poetics of this work. A review of the scientific literature on relevant topics is performed. Methodological and theoretical definitions are given. The scientific novelty of the article is in the fact that for the first time attention is paid to artistic techniques that allow to identify the author's position in the specified literary text. The author of the article grounds her opinion from the fact that, despite the dominance of the subjective point of view, other characters’ views stand out in the work. It is concluded in the study that the text of the work represents a biographical author and author-creator. It was established that the position of the author-creator is expressed through the title, epigraphs, which are quotes, as well as through different points of view, including the author-character, the author-narrator, the characters of the work. The author of the article dwells in detail on different ways of expressing the points of view of the author-character and the author-narrator. It is proved that the point of view of the author-character and the author-narrator can intersect, they are interchanged. The author's development of the term comic “point of view” is presented in the article
Espai i identitat en l'obra de Jordi Pere Cerdà. Una geografia literària cerdaniana
No full textL'obra de l'autor nord-català Jordi Pere Cerdà (1920-2011) teixeix una cartografia literària que abasta tota dimensió espacial -real, imaginada i ficcional. Les prospeccions que assagen els seus texts es fonen en el medi natural i rural, canten a l'amor, als veïns i als éssers fantàstics del folklore català, es comprometen amb els refugiats encarant-se a tota frontera i, també, a tot abisme interior i exterior que oprimesca l'ésser. El mapatge cognitiu i literari que crea Cerdà sobrepassa qualsevol obstacle per construir espais oberts i possibles, en comunió amb l'altre. Partint d'una aproximació teòrica geocrítica, aquest treball d'investigació aprofundeix en diverses nocions sobre l'espacialitat lligades a un context convuls, ple de transformacions a nivell socioeconòmic, polític, cultural i lingüístic, el qual determinarà la vida d'un autor i d'un territori transfronterer com el de la Cerdanya i la Catalunya del Nord. En definitiva, la rica experiència vital de Jordi Pere Cerdà ens permet reflexionar sobre les relacions que vulguem establir entre els individus i amb el nostre hàbitat natural i cultural, a fi d'esdevenir membres actius que participen de la transformació dels espais que configuren les nostres identitats.The work of the North Catalan author Jordi Pere Cerdà (1920-2011) weaves a literary cartography which reaches all spatial dimensions -real, imagined and fictional. The prospections proved by their texts merge with the natural and rural environment, sing to love, neighbours and the fantastic beings of the Catalan folklore. Such prospections also commit themselves with the refugees facing every frontier and, also, facing all interior and exterior abyss that oppresses the being. The cognitive and literary mapping created by Cerdà overcomes any obstacle to construct opened and possible spaces, in communion with the other. Based on the theoretical approach called geocriticism, this research study delves into various notions about spatiality linked to a convulsive context, full of transformations at a socioeconomic, political, cultural and linguistic level; these transformations will determine the life of an author and a cross-border territory such as Cerdagne and Northern Catalonia. In short, the rich experience of Jordi Pere Cerdà allows us to reflect on the relationships we want to establish between individuals, as well as between human groups and our natural and cultural habitat, in order to become active members that participate in the transformation of the spaces that make up our identities.Programa de Doctorat en Llengües Aplicades, Literatura i Traducci
Els llibres d'il·lustració infantil i juvenil en l'Educació Artística. Un cas concret a partir de l’autora Olga de Dios
No full textTreball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària (Pla de 2018). Codi: MP1840. Curs acadèmic: 2021/2022El treball de fi de grau que aneu a veure a continuació, és un projecte que consisteix en com es poden
treballar a les aules de primària els llibres de l’autora i il·lustradora Olga de Dios. Tractant de treballar
el llibre com a objecte artístic a nivell elemental. A més, de presentar a l’autora i il·lustradora, donarla a conèixer i veure els valors que transmet, també llegiríem quatre de les seues obres a l’aula com
són: “Leotolda”, “En familia”, “Rana de Tres Ojos”, i “Pájaro Amarillo”. Tot açò sumat a la
realització d’un quadern de classe on es colorejaria alguns dels seus personatges de les obres seguint
pautes a nivell curricular. Realitzaríem també una eixida a la biblioteca municipal, on a banda de
rebre una educació no formal, ens facilitaria una mica el fet d’endinsar-nos al món de la il·lustració
infantil, on allí dins, el professional encarregat ens guiarà pels llibres que hi haurà a la biblioteca. I,
per a concloure, elaboraríem un llibre creat per l’alumnat on seguint unes pautes establertes per Olga
de Dios al seu llibre “Leotolda” buscaríem fer una retroalimentació intentant contactar amb ella.
D’aquesta manera tancaríem el cicle que vam començar donant-la a conèixer com a escriptora i
il·lustradora, i exploraríem on està el límit de la creativitat del propi alumnat.The final degree project you are going to see below is a project that looks at how books by author and
illustrator Olga de Dios can be worked on in primary school classrooms. Considering the book as an
artistic object at an elementary level. Besides presenting the author and illustrator, introducing her,
and seeing the values she transmits, we would also read four of her works in the classroom, such as:
"Leotolda”, "In the family", "Three-Eyed Frog", and "Yellow Bird.". All this, in addition to the
creation of a class notebook in which some of his characters from her work would be colored
following guidelines at the curricular level. We would also go out to the local library, where in
addition to receiving a non-formal education, it would make it a little easier for us to enter the world
of children's illustration, where inside, the professional in charge will guide us through the books
which will be in the library. And, to conclude, we would make a book created by the students, where
following some guidelines established by Olga de Dios in her book "Leotolda" we would look for
feedback by trying to contact her. In this way, we would close the cycle that we started by presenting
her as an author and illustrator, and we would explore where the limit of creativity of the students
themselves is
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