1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Εφαρμογή Μπεϋζιανών μεθόδων και προηγμένων αλγορίθμων στη μέτρηση της συχνότητας νόσησης για ζωονοτικά νοσήματα
No full textThis doctoral thesis represents a holistic and comprehensive exploration of diagnostic test evaluation, prevalence estimation, substantiating freedom from disease, and disease surveillance & early outbreak prediction through advanced Bayesian statistical methodologies, focusing on zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases pose significant challenges due to their complex interplay between humans, animals, and the environment. This work seeks to address these challenges by building a methodological “toolbox” that integrates advanced approaches for “measuring” disease occurrence, offering practical solutions for real-world public health and veterinary scenarios. Through the detailed examination of Q fever, brucellosis, and influenza as case studies, the thesis highlights how advanced statistical tools can be applied to tackle critical issues in zoonotic disease management. The research begins with the foundational step of diagnostic evaluation, focusing on the accuracy and reliability of tests. By employing Bayesian Latent Class Models (BLCMs), the thesis demonstrates how to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of diagnostic tools in the absence of a gold standard, addressing key challenges such as sparse data and imperfect diagnostics. This approach allows for a robust assessment of diagnostic performance, particularly in resource-limited settings, ensuring that diagnostic tools provide meaningful data for surveillance and control efforts. These findings not only underscore the flexibility of Bayesian methods but also emphasize the importance of adhering to guidelines like STARD-BLCM to ensure transparency and rigor in diagnostic evaluations. Building upon the insights gained from test evaluation, the thesis advances to prevalence estimation, a critical step in understanding disease burden. A novel contribution of the work is the development of a novel Bayesian model that incorporates sequential testing schemes, where confirmatory diagnostics are applied only to positive results from initial screening tests. This innovation captures practical diagnostic workflows often used in real-world settings but rarely addressed comprehensively in the literature. Using brucellosis in livestock in Iran as a case study, the research provides refined prevalence estimates and highlights the endemic nature of the disease. By accounting for the biases introduced by sequential testing, this work advances the methodological application of Bayesian models and offers actionable insights for targeted interventions and control strategies. The progression of the thesis naturally leads to the concept of freedom from infection, an essential goal in disease eradication and control efforts. The work delves into methodologies for demonstrating freedom from infection, emphasizing output-based frameworks that focus on achieving confidence in disease freedom rather than adhering to rigid input-driven standards. Through a review and application of modern approaches such as scenario tree analysis, Bayesian hierarchical models, and the STOC Free model, the thesis explores how probabilistic methods can enhance surveillance Se and Sp. By integrating longitudinal data, population risk factors, and diagnostic test characteristics, these methods provide a nuanced understanding of infection dynamics and inform cost-effective strategies for substantiating freedom from disease. This aspect of the thesis aligns closely with international public health and trade priorities, offering a framework for robust and efficient surveillance system design. Finally, the thesis expands its scope to include disease surveillance and early outbreak detection, showcasing the application of the Epidemic Volatility Index (EVI) as an innovative tool for real-time monitoring. Applied to respiratory infections in Greece, including COVID-19 and influenza cases, the research demonstrates the operational simplicity and computational efficiency of EVI in detecting potential epidemic waves. By providing timely alerts and actionable insights, this work underscores the importance of proactive surveillance systems that can mitigate the impacts of epidemics and optimize resource allocation. This component highlights the broader applicability of the thesis's methodologies beyond zoonotic diseases, extending their relevance to other infectious and even non-infectious public health threats. In conclusion, the thesis illustrates how Bayesian methodologies and advanced algorithms can serve as a unifying framework for addressing diverse challenges in zoonotic disease management. From improving diagnostic accuracy and refining prevalence estimates to substantiating disease freedom and developing early warning systems, this work provides a roadmap for integrating advanced statistical tools into public health practice. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health within the One Health framework, the research underscores the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches in tackling zoonotic disease threats. Ultimately, the thesis offers not only a set of methodological advancements but also practical applications that contribute to the global effort to enhance public health resilience and readiness in the face of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases.Η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά κρίσιμες πτυχές της επιτήρησης ζωονόσων, της αξιολόγησης της διαγνωστικής ακρίβειας διαγνωστικών δοκιμών και της πρόβλεψης επιδημικών κυμάτων χρησιμοποιώντας προηγμένες Μπεϋζιανές μεθόδους και στατιστικά εργαλεία. Μέσω μιας σειράς μελετών, η διατριβή αντιμετωπίζει προκλήσεις κατά την εκτίμηση της διαγνωστικής ακρίβειας των διαγνωστικών δοκιμών, εκτίμηση πραγματικού ποσοστού προσβολής, και εφαρμογές του συστήματος έγκαιρης προειδοποίησης για ζωονοσογόνες ασθένειες όπως ο πυρετός Q, η Βρουκέλλωση και η γρίπη, που συλλογικά αντιπροσωπεύουν σημαντικές προκλήσεις για τη Δημόσια Υγεία. Η έρευνα υιοθετεί μια διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση, ενσωματώνοντας επιδημιολογικές, στατιστικές και διαγνωστικές προοπτικές στο πλαίσιο της Ενιαίας Υγείας. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο εξετάζει την ακρίβεια τριών διαγνωστικών δοκιμών για τον πυρετό Q σε μεγάλα μηρυκαστικά στην περιοχή Παντζάμπ της Ινδίας. Χρησιμοποιώντας Μπεϋζιανά μοντέλα λανθάνουσας κατάστασης, η μελέτη εκτιμά την ευαισθησία και την ειδικότητα αυτών των τεστ, υποθέτοντας την απουσία μιας τέλειας διαγνωστικής δοκιμής, με τέλεια ικανότητα διάκρισης μεταξύ υγιών ζώων και ασθενών. Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν την ευελιξία των Μπεϋζιανών μεθόδων στην αντιμετώπιση προκλήσεων που προκύπτουν από τις διαγνωστικές μεθόδους και αραιά δεδομένα, ιδιαίτερα σε περιπτώσεις με περιορισμένους πόρους. Το κεφάλαιο συμμορφώνεται με τις κατευθυντήριες γραμμές STARD-BLCM, διασφαλίζοντας τη διαφάνεια στον σχεδιασμό και την ανάλυση, και υπογραμμίζει την αναγκαιότητα μεθοδολογικών αξιολογήσεων στην επιτήρηση των ζωονόσων. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2, διερευνάται το πραγματικό ποσοστό προσβολής της Βρουκέλλωσης σε μηρυκαστικά στο Ιράν. Η μελέτη εισάγει ένα νέο σχήμα διαδοχικών δοκιμών εντός του πλαισίου Bayes, που συνδυάζει τη δοκιμή Rose Bengal Plate και επιβεβαιωτικές διαγνωστικές δοκιμές (έμμεση ELISA ή Standard Tube Agglutination test). Τα ευρήματα της μελέτης αποκαλύπτουν ότι Βρουκέλλωση είναι ενδημική στο Ιράν, παρέχοντας πολύτιμες γνώσεις για στοχευμένα μέτρα ελέγχου και προάγοντας την εφαρμογή μοντέλων Bayes σε πραγματικά σενάρια. Το Κεφάλαιο 3 περιγράφει τις μεθοδολογίες για τον ισχυρισμό και τον υπολογισμό της πιθανότητας «ελευθερίας» από κάποιο νόσημα. Η έρευνα αναλύει μεθόδους για την αξιολόγηση της ευαισθησίας και της ειδικότητας της επιτήρησης, που δεν βασίζονται αποκλειστικά σε Μπεϋζιανό πλαίσιο. Εξισορροπώντας τις οικονομικές εκτιμήσεις με την αυστηρότητα της επιτήρησης, η μελέτη ενημερώνει οικονομικά αποδοτικές στρατηγικές για την απόδειξη της ελευθερίας από νοσήματα σε ετερογενή πλαίσια. Το Κεφάλαιο 4 εστιάζει σε συστήματα έγκαιρης προειδοποίησης για την πρόβλεψη επιδημιών, παρουσιάζοντας την εφαρμογή του Δείκτη Μεταβλητότητας Επιδημίας (Epidemic Volatility Index - EVI) σε δεδομένα αναπνευστικών λοιμώξεων από κλινικό περιβάλλον στην Ελλάδα. Το κεφάλαιο υπογραμμίζει τη αποτελεσματικότητα του εργαλείου στην έκδοση έγκαιρων ειδοποιήσεων σε πραγματικό χρόνο για πιθανά επιδημικά κύματα. Παρόλο που τα κρούσματα γρίπης παρακολουθούνται, αυτή η εργασία επεκτείνει το εύρος της διατριβής πέρα από τις ζωονόσους σε ευρύτερα πλαίσια Δημόσιας Υγείας, αποδεικνύοντας τη χρησιμότητα των εργαλείων έγκαιρης προειδοποίησης για τον μετριασμό των απειλών για την υγεία και τη βελτιστοποίηση της κατανομής των πόρων. Η διατριβή ολοκληρώνεται με τη σύνθεση αυτών των ευρημάτων, δίνοντας έμφαση στη συμβολή των προηγμένων μεθοδολογιών κατά Bayes στη διαχείριση ζωονοσογόνων νοσημάτων. Η έρευνα υπογραμμίζει τη σημασία της ενσωμάτωσης μελετών διαγνωστικής ακρίβειας, εκτίμησης πραγματικού ποσοστού προσβολής και συστημάτων έγκαιρης προειδοποίησης σε ολοκληρωμένα πλαίσια επιτήρησης. Ενώ αναγνωρίζει περιορισμούς όπως τα αραιά δεδομένα και οι διαγνωστικές υποθέσεις, η διατριβή περιγράφει τις μελλοντικές κατευθύνσεις έρευνας, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της εξερεύνησης των συνεχών αποτελεσμάτων δοκιμών, των ομαδοποιημένων στρατηγικών δοκιμών. Με την προώθηση αυτών των μεθοδολογιών, η έρευνα στοχεύει να ενισχύσει την ανθεκτικότητα στη Δημόσια Υγεία και να συμβάλει στην παγκόσμια προσπάθεια για τον έλεγχο των ζωονοσογόνων και των αναδυόμενων μολυσματικών ασθενειών
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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