1,721,189 research outputs found
School Management and learning collaboration system / Diana Wong Mei Leng,LB 1028.3 .W837 2004
Get PDFsj-docx-1-otj-10.1177_15394492231220256 – Supplemental material for Assessing Older Adults’ Functional Visual Performance Using the Performance Quality Rating Scale
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-otj-10.1177_15394492231220256 for Assessing Older Adults’ Functional Visual Performance Using the Performance Quality Rating Scale by Debbie Boey, Tamara Tse, Kerry Fitzmaurice, Mei Leng Chan and Leeanne M. Carey in OTJR: Occupational Therapy Journal of Research</p
Investigation of Ocean''s Barrier Layer on Tropical Cyclone''s Intensity Change
No full text過去二十多年間，由於觀測資料的數量增加與數值模式之改善，熱帶氣旋(颱風、颶風)的路徑預報能力穩定地發展中；相形之下，強度預報之精確度仍然是相對地緩慢，其中一個影響熱帶氣旋的強度變化之重要因子是海洋的上層和次表層結構[Goni et al., 2009; Lin et al., 2013]。最近的研究[Ffield, 2007; Balaguru et al., 2012]顯示，海洋次表層的阻隔層(Barrier Layer，BL)有利於熱帶氣旋增強。因此，本研究檢視北半球的熱帶氣旋活躍區中，阻隔層在熱帶氣旋增強的過程中所扮演之角色。由World Ocean Atlas 2013的氣候資料顯示，深厚且長期存在的阻隔層主要分佈在孟加拉灣(BoB)、赤道西太平洋和北大西洋；透過分析熱帶氣旋活躍區的平均温度和鹽度結構，結果發現，在孟加拉灣區，有利於熱帶氣旋發展的熱力結構與鹽度結構並不會同時存在，而北大西洋和西北太平洋則可以同時擁有較高SST和稍厚的阻隔層之條件。在過去6年間，熱帶氣旋與阻隔層交互作用之機率為13%。另外，使用3D Price-Weller-Pinkel海洋模式定量分析阻隔層的貢獻量，在兩個個案中，在適當的移動速度及風速下，具有阻隔層(With-BL)和不具有阻隔層(No-BL)的結構才會產生顯著的冷卻差異。因此，在阻隔層的條件下確實能夠抑制熱帶氣旋引起的冷卻效應，並且能提供較多的焓通量給大氣，促使熱帶氣旋發展。為更深入瞭解阻隔層的抑制冷卻之能力，本研究使用3D PWP海洋模式進行2種敏感度測試，對象分別是阻隔層厚度及鹽度梯度。結果是鹽度梯度的敏感度較高。最後，本研究使用高空間解析度的大氣—海洋耦合模式(Coupled WRF & PWP)，分別模擬在阻隔層(With-BL)和不具有阻隔層(NO-BL)的條件下，對於熱帶氣旋的強度影響，模擬的對象分別為熱帶氣旋桑達(2011)和寶發(2012)，它們的海洋初始場中皆具存在阻隔層。模擬結果顯示，在With-BL組中，模擬的最低海平面氣壓較低，熱帶氣旋強度較強，並且與JTWC的觀測較為接近。因此，本研究認為在熱帶氣旋的發展過程中，不可忽略阻隔層所帶來的影響，然而統計顯示熱帶氣旋與阻隔層發生作用之機率並不是相當高，並且熱帶氣旋的移動速度、風速、阻隔層之厚度、深度皆會影響阻隔層之最終功能，未來應加強對鹽度的觀測，以避免忽略或高估鹽度對熱帶氣旋的強度之影響力。誌謝 I
摘要 II
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 10
第二章 研究工具與研究方法 11
2.1 資料簡介 11
2.1.1 Tropical Cyclone Best Track Data 11
2.1.2 NCEP FNL Analysis Data 11
2.1.3 ECMWF Re-analysis Interim 12
2.1.4 World Ocean Atlas Series 12
2.1.5 Argo Array 13
2.1.6 TMI/AMSR-E Microwave OI SST 13
2.1.7 Aquarius/SAC-D Sea Surface Salinity 14
2.1.8 Global HYCOM + NCODA Global 1/12° Analysis (GLBa0.08) 14
2.2 數值模式介紹 15
2.2.1 3D Price-Weller-Pinkel Ocean Mixed Layer Model 15
2.2.2 Coupled WRF & 3D-PWP Model 17
2.3 研究方法 19
2.3.1 阻隔層的定義 19
2.3.2 熱帶氣旋活躍區的平均海洋場之計算 20
2.3.3 熱帶氣旋在其路徑上與阻隔層的機率計算 21
2.3.4 逆温層的定義 22
2.3.5 焓通量 22
第三章 研究結果Ⅰ — 阻隔層之特徵分析 24
3.1 阻隔層的功能 24
3.1.1 降低逸入冷卻的程度 24
3.1.2 阻隔層對熱帶氣旋的貢獻-焓通量 26
3.1.3 海水的逆温現象 27
3.1.4 小結 29
3.2 阻隔層的敏感度測試 29
3.2.1 阻隔層厚度 30
3.2.2 鹽度梯度 32
3.3 全球海洋的氣候平均場 33
3.3.1 等温層的氣候場 33
3.3.2 海表面鹽度的氣候場 34
3.3.3 阻隔層的氣候場 35
3.4 阻隔層中的逆温現象 36
3.5 熱帶氣旋活躍區的平均海洋場 37
3.6 熱帶氣旋在其路徑上與阻隔層的發生機率 38
3.7 延伸分析 39
3.7.1 兩種門檻值之差異 39
3.7.2 WOA05與WOA13之差異 40
3.7.3 Aquarius與HYCOM的海表面鹽度之對照 40
第四章 研究結果Ⅱ — 海氣耦合模式之實驗結果 42
4.1 個案1—強烈熱帶氣旋桑達(2011/04W) 42
4.1.1 熱帶氣旋桑達之簡介 42
4.1.2 WRF-PWP模式設定 42
4.1.3 對照組的實驗設計 43
4.1.4 耦合模式中的阻隔層 43
4.1.5 模擬結果之探討 44
4.2 個案2—強烈熱帶氣旋寶發(2012/26W) 45
4.2.1 熱帶氣旋寶發之簡介 45
4.2.2 WRF-PWP模式設定 46
4.2.3 對照組的實驗設計 46
4.2.4 模擬結果之探討 46
第五章 總結 48
5.1 結論 48
5.2 未來展望 50
參考文獻 52
附圖 58
附表 122
附錄 I
Reciprocal regulation between GCM1 and human chorionic gonadotropin controls placental cell fusion
No full text人類絨毛膜性腺激素(hCG)在懷孕之初，由胎盤滋養葉融合層細胞所分泌。hCG對胎盤發育時期所須的黃體素､血管生成､免疫系統調節及滋養葉細胞分化扮演重要角色。母體hCG不足跟流產､胎兒發育不良及子癲前症之發生有關。hCG包括alpha及beta單元，後者是胎盤獨有並俱有代表性。哺乳動物GCM1是胎盤獨有的轉錄因子，調控胎盤細胞融合､入侵及血管生成。剔除GCM1基因之小鼠在懷孕10天即因胎盤發育不全而死亡。曾有報告指出hCGb受TFAP2及Sp1等轉錄因子所調控，但對GCM1而言是否可調控hCGb未曾被報導。 在本實驗我們透過ChIP-chip發現hCGb是GCM1的目標基因。TFAP2C､GCM1及hCGb三者在胎盤滋養葉融合層細胞有共同表現。hCGb也隨著GCM1的表現高低而同步增減。相反地，我們也證實hCG可以透過LH/CG接受器及cAMP訊息傳遞調控GCM1的轉錄､轉繹後修飾（磷酸化及乙醯化）､生物活性及其目標基因表現，包括syncytin-1及hCGb。證實GCM1對hCGb的自我調控是非常重要的。剔除LH/CG接受器或hCGb基因也會降低GCM1之表現。我們利用多種方法驗證並找出GCM1在hCGb promoter上的直接結合位置。雖然這位置與TFAP2C的結合位置相同，不過我們發現TFAP2C對hCGb的影響須經由GCM1作用。另外，LH/CG接受器-cAMP-GCM1-hCGb的訊息傳遞受到PKA抑制劑H89的阻撓，這表示cAMP-PKA為GCM1-hCGb互相調節迴路的主要路徑。最後，我們發現hCG促進BeWo細胞的融合也必須依賴GCM1才能達成。本實驗發現在hCGb調節及胎盤細胞分化上的一項新機制。Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone secreted mainly by syncytiotrophoblasts governing many crucial functions of placental development, such as progesterone production from corpus lutein of ovaries in the first trimester of pregnancy, angiogenesis of uterine vasculature, immune modulation and adaptation, and cytotrophoblast differentiation. hCG contains two components, alpha and beta subunits, and the latter is placenta-specific. A low maternal serum level of hCG in early pregnancy could indicate miscarriage, fetal growth retardation, and subsequent pre-eclampsia. Maternal serum hCG levels increase dramatically from the implantation of the embryo, and reach a peak at approximately 10 weeks of gestation. Mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon are not yet known. Mammalian glial cells missing 1 (GCM1) is a placenta-specific transcription factor involved in placental cell invasion, cell-cell fusion, and angiogenesis. A knockout of mouse GCM1 induces malformation of placenta and early embryonic lethality approximately 10 dpc. It is reported that hCGb is regulated by two transcriptional factors, Sp1 and TFAP2. Whether GCM1 regulates hCGb remains elusive. In this study, we have identified that hCGb is among the GCM1 target genes through ChIP-chip analysis. We further discovered that TFAP2C, GCM1, and hCGb are co-localized at the syncytiotrophoblasts through immunohistochemical study of the placental tissue. The protein expression and secretion levels of hCGb are up- and down-regulated by GCM1 overexpression and knockdown in choriocarcinoma cell lines, respectively. hCG treatment reciprocally enhances GCM1 transcription, post-translational modification (Serine269/275 phosphorylation and acetylation), and contributes to GCM1 stability through the LH/CG receptor (LH/CGR), cAMP signaling pathway and CBP transactivation, and further enhances the target genes of GCM1, including syncytin-1 and hCGb. These data indicate that GCM1 plays an important and positive role in hCGb production and auto-regulation; either knockdown of LH/CGR or hCGb suppress GCM1 and its target gene expressions. We have identified the precise binding region of GCM1 on the hCGb promoter using a luciferase reporter assay, ChIP, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, which was previously found to be the same binding region of TFAP2, suggesting that GCM1 and TFAP2C simultaneously regulate hCGb. Indeed, the regulation of hCGb by TFAP2C is through GCM1. The LH/CGR-cAMP-GCM1-hCGb pathway is inhibited by the PKA inhibitor, H89, indicating that the cAMP-PKA pathway is the dominant pathway in the GCM1-hCGb positive loop. Finally, by use of a functional assay, the fusion of BeWo cells was enhanced by hCG treatment, which is GCM1-dependent. Our study reveals a novel mechanism for regulating hCGb and placental cell differentiation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Individual use of Enterprise 2.0 and its impact on social capital within large organisations
Get PDF© 2020 Diana Mei Leng WongOver the past years, there has been a significant momentum in the adoption of Enterprise 2.0 in larger organisations. Enterprise 2.0 adoption encapsulates the use of integrated social media tools in a unified social networking platform to support business operations. Many organisations are adopting Enterprise 2.0, with the hope of achieving the benefits of better knowledge retention, faster information discovery, innovation, employee engagement and higher productivity through social networking. Whilst organisations herald Enterprise 2.0 with great promises, it is still not clear how the individuals’ use of Enterprise 2.0 will result in organisational benefits. This thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the individual use of Enterprise Social Networks (Enterprise 2.0) in large organisations and how this leads to organisational benefits. To achieve this objective, this research applies social capital theory as the basis to analyse the organisation’s rich set of relationships and the organisational value they bring as a result of using Enterprise 2.0. In-depth research and a critical review of relevant previous studies and established theories have been conducted to delineate the components within structural, cognitive, and relational social capital dimensions. Sixty in-depth interviews were conducted with participants from six large organisations in Australia who were actively using an existing implementation of Enterprise 2.0 (i.e. Yammer and Oracle Social Network). For an all-encompassing and unbiased view, participants from varying roles and responsibilities, levels of expertise and usage types were selected from the identified organisation. To ensure unbiased and granular categorisation of use modes, the research analysed the data collected from the interviews, observations and notes using a grounded approach to identify emerging trends and patterns of individual Enterprise 2.0 use. The results generate new insights in the form of seven distinct individual use modes of Enterprise 2.0. The findings also present rich insights into the impact of these varied individual use modes on each structural, relational, and cognitive social capital dimension. In addition, the research also reveals novel insights on how different user types benefited from using Enterprise 2.0 from a social capital perspective. Finally, the study demonstrates the supportive and enabling role of Enterprise 2.0 as a platform to build social capital. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the individual use of Enterprise 2.0 and social capital theory. The research also includes seven insights to help shape future research and as outcome to guide managers in large organisation to set up, manage, and promote individual use of Enterprise 2.0
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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