1,721,337 research outputs found
DESA1002 'Continuous City' <Amanda Mei Ting Chan>
No full textThe Tokyo International Aquarium, located in the urban districts of Tokyo, functions as a marine observatoriam, marine research lab and a public learning centre. The building is an integration of Earth's paradoxes; the unpredictable nature of the river and the controlled construction of a building. The building has an underlying theme which emphasises on movement through the exterior and interior space. It primarily promotes the diversity of sealife throughout the world. Through circulating around a large, central tank, spiralling ramps takes visitors on a journey to the world of underwater creatures. From level to level, visitors are able to experience the large array of different sea animals amongst the six continents, separated into six smaller tanks. The architecture of the Tokyo internal Aquarium focuses on the connection and integration of the exterior of the building to its interior. From the beginning of the journey into the building, visitors must travel along a glass tunnel tracing the exterior walls. The entrance path leads visitors out over the river before taking them into the aquarium. Moving through the building, visitors can have a scuba diving experience, underwater viewing through periscopes in the basement level, as well as view the aquarium's museum. The Tokyo International Aquarium allows visitors to experience a deep, underwater connection. It raises their awareness of the diversity of aquatic life and the importance of their role on Earth
An integrated three-flow approach for front-end service composition / Lim Mei Ting
No full textEnd-User Service Composition (EUSC) aims to enable end-user programmers who are not professional developers, develop applications by composing or aggregating existing web services. Despite the effort, studies have shown that end-user programmers are not able to deal with the technical complexities involved in EUSC. One way to deal with this issue is Front-End Service Composition (FESC), which allows end-user programmers to compose web services at the presentation layer of an application by configuring User Interface (UI) widgets that represent the back-end web services. However, apart from there not being enough studies on FESC, end-user programmers also experience a number of conceptual and usability issues in service composition. Following that, this research proposes an integrated three-flow approach namely application flow, control flow and data flow, to help deal with the current limitations of FESC. The approach generates the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of web services automatically, thus allowing the UI of the application to be developed at the same time the required web services are assembled. The approach allows end-user programmers to explicitly configure the three different types of flows involved in service composition. A proof-of-concept prototype, QuickWSC, that incorporates the three-flow approach was developed. It adopts a side-by-side multiple-view design to support visual configuration of the three flows in an uncluttered yet synchronized manner that adheres to established design guidelines. A user evaluation study which comprised the think-aloud protocol, observation and survey was conducted for data collection purpose where end-user programmers were recruited to evaluate QuickWSC. During the user evaluation study, the end-user programmer was given a brief introduction about the research. Thereafter, a predefined scenario was given to the end-user programmer for a web service composition task. The composition process was recorded on video for data analysis purposes. Framework analysis approach and descriptive statistics were used for qualitative and quantitative data analysis respectively. The results achieved was decently positive. Triangulation was performed during discussion over the results by using the qualitative and quantitative analysed data, and providing a more comprehensive finding of the prototype usability and its features. The evaluation results show that QuickWSC has a high level of usability and it is easy to compose web services by explicitly specifying the three flows, the three-flow configurations integrated into the two views helps in composing application from web services, and that no technical knowledge is required to use QuickWSC. This research has successfully implemented the prototype based on the proposed approach to address a number of conceptual and usability issues in service composition faced by the end-user
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
An Analysis of Low Back Pain Patients' Health Services Utilization－Using Panel Claims Data of National Health Insurance Beneficiaries, 1996-2001
No full text下背痛是常見且重要的臨床和國民健康問題，國內下背痛相關之醫療費用在健保支出佔了一定的比例，故本研究擬分析下背痛病人單次就醫和急性下背痛療程之醫療利用情形和影響因子。資料來源為全民健保資料庫承保抽樣歸人檔第一組和第二組1996-2001年資料，擷取ICD-9-CM前三碼為720、721、722、724，並扣除罹病部位明確為胸、頸部者為研究對象，計有下背痛門急診69,242人次，住院692人次，急性下背痛療程23,764個療程（下背痛發病後，治療期間在三個月之內者）。本研究之重要結論如下：
在1996-2001年下背痛單次就醫方面，西醫門急診佔85.0％，中醫門診佔14.1％，住院則有1.0％；病人特質上，以ICD-9-CM為724其他及未明示之背部疾患、女性、45-64歲，及私立醫院、基層院所、台北分局、內科系就醫者居多；醫療利用上，西醫門急診總費用平均為821.1元，中醫門診總費用平均為603.4元，住院總費用平均為37,380.5元。急性下背痛療程方面，以女性、16-44歲、投保類別為第一類固定雇主者、投保金額16,500-22,800元者居多；醫療利用上，每一療程就醫總次數平均為1.7次，各療程總費用平均為1,933.6元。
在下背痛單次就醫方面，西醫門急診各費用皆與下背痛ICD-9-CM、年齡、是否有重大傷病、就醫場所權屬別、特約層級、就醫地點、就醫科別有顯著關係；中醫門診各費用皆與年齡、就醫場所特約層級、就醫地點有顯著關係。住院各費用皆與下背痛ICD-9-CM、年齡、是否免部分負擔，和就醫場所特質之特約層級有顯著關係；急性下背痛療程方面，就醫總次數高低與年齡、投保類別、是否有慢性病有顯著關係；總費用（不含病房費）高低與年齡、投保類別、是否免部分負擔、是否有慢性病有顯著關係。
本研究發現下背痛ICD-9-CM、前傾因素之性別、年齡和投保類別、使能因素之投保金額、是否為低收入戶和是否免部分負擔、需要因素之是否有重大傷病和是否有慢性病、就醫場所特質之權屬別、特約層級、就醫地點和就醫科別，雖在細項費用上之顯著略有不同，但大致上皆為影響下背痛病人醫療利用之重要因素。Low back pain is a common and important problem in terms of clinic and population health. Medical expenditures related to low back pain represent a certain proportion in the expenditures of National Health Insurance in Taiwan. The purposes of this research were to analyze health service utilization patterns and influential factors of single visit and acute low pack pain episodes for patients with low back pain. The source of the data came from claims data of the first and second set of sampled registry of beneficiaries of National Health Insurance from 1996 to 2001. ICD-9-CM with initial three codes as 720, 721, 722 or 724 were selected from the panel database. Cases with the illness located at cervix or thorax were excluded. A total of 69,242 person-times in ambulatory care and emergency, 692 person-times in hospitalization, and 23,764 episodes of acute low back pain (a treatment period that is equal or shorter than three months after an acute attack) were identified in the final analysis. The major results of this study were as follows:
For low back pain single visit from 1996 to 2001, the number of services for western medicine ambulatory care and emergency, Chinese medicine ambulatory care and inpatient were 85.0%, 14.1% and 1.0%, respectively. In terms of patient characteristics, those had ICD-9-CM as 724 (other and unspecified disorders of back), being female, 45-64 years old, received care from private hospitals, clinics, Taipei Branch and internal medicine system were in the majority. In terms of health service utilization patterns, the average medical expenses for western medicine ambulatory care and emergency, Chinese medicine ambulatory care and inpatient were NT 603.4 and NT 16,500-22,800 were in the majority. In terms of health service utilization patterns for acute episodes, the average number of visit was 1.7 times, and the average medical expense per episode was NT $1,933.6.
In low back pain single visit, all kinds of ambulatory and emergency care expenses for western medicine were significantly related to the ICD-9-CM codes, age, whether or not having major illness, ownership of the provider, contracted category, visiting place and visiting department. All kinds of expenses for Chinese medicine ambulatory care were significantly related to age, contracted category and visiting place. All kinds of expenses of hospitalization were significantly related to ICD-9-CM codes, age, whether or not have to pay copayment and contracted category of the provider. In acute low back pain episodes, the number of visits per episode was significantly related to age, beneficiary category and whether or not having chronic diseases. The amount of medical expenses excluding ward fees was significantly related to age, beneficiary category, whether or not have to pay copayment and whether having chronic diseases.
This study found ICD-9-CM codes related to low back pain, gender, age and beneficiary category of predisposing characteristics, the level of enrollment payroll, whether being low income family and whether paying copayment of enabling resources, whether having major illness and whether having chronic diseases of need, and ownership, contracted category, visiting place and visiting department of visiting place characteristics were important factors influenced low back pain patients’ health service utilization, although the significance on different fees were slightly different.致謝 I
中文摘要 III
ABSTRACT V
目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究之重要性 2
第二章 文獻探討 3
第一節 下背痛疾病介紹、流行病學和治療方式 3
第二節 醫療服務利用模式 10
第三節 相關實證研究 12
第四節 綜合討論 17
第三章 研究材料與方法 20
第一節 研究架構 20
第二節 研究假說 22
第三節 研究變項 22
第四節 研究材料及研究對象 33
第五節 統計分析 37
第四章 研究結果 39
第一節 描述性統計分析 39
第二節 雙變項分析 46
第三節 多變項分析 51
第五章 討論 141
第一節 重要研究結果之討論 141
第二節 研究限制 146
第六章 結論與建議 148
第一節 結論 148
第二節 建議 151
參考文獻 153
附錄一 全民健康保險投保金額分級表 157
表2-1 「以照護為基礎」之新發作下背痛定義 4
表2-2 相關研究之下背痛盛行率 6
表2-3 國內護理人員下背痛盛行率之研究 7
表2-3 國內護理人員下背痛盛行率之研究（續） 8
表3-1 自變項和控制變項之操作型定義 29
表3-1 自變項和控制變項之操作型定義（續） 30
表3-2 依變項之操作型定義 31
表3-2 依變項之操作型定義（續） 32
表3-3 本研究資料來源和使用之欄位 34
表3-4 資料處理過程 35
表3-4 資料處理過程（續） 36
表3-4 資料處理過程（續） 37
表4-1 下背痛單次就醫之病人特質，1996-2001 63
表4-1 下背痛單次就醫之病人特質，1996-2001（續） 64
表4-2 急性下背痛療程之病人特質 65
表4-2 急性下背痛療程之病人特質（續） 66
表4-3 下背痛單次就醫之醫療服務利用特性，1996-2001 67
表4-4 下背痛單次就醫病人特質、醫療服務利用之描述性統計，1996-2001 68
表4-5 急性下背痛療程之醫療服務利用特性 69
表4-6 急性下背痛療程病人特質、醫療服務利用之描述性統計 70
表4-7 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診總費用之檢定，1996-2001 71
表4-7 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診總費用之檢定，1996-2001（續） 72
表4-8 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診是否使用診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001 73
表4-8 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診是否使用診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 74
表4-9 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001 75
表4-9 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 76
表4-10 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診是否使用藥費之檢定，1996-2001 77
表4-10 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診是否使用藥費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 78
表4-11 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診藥費之檢定，1996-2001 79
表4-11 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診藥費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 80
表4-12 下背痛單次就醫病人特性與中醫門診總費用之檢定，1996-2001 81
表4-12 下背痛單次就醫病人特性與中醫門診總費用之檢定，1996-2001（續） 82
表4-13 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診是否使用診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001 83
表4-13 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診是否使用診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 84
表4-14 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001 85
表4-14 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 86
表4-15 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診是否使用藥費之檢定，1996-2001 87
表4-15 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診是否使用藥費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 88
表4-16 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診藥費之檢定，1996-2001 89
表4-16 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診藥費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 90
表4-17 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院總費用之檢定，1996-2001 91
表4-17 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院總費用之檢定，1996-2001（續） 92
表4-18 下背痛單次就醫人次病人特質與住院總費用（不含病房費）之檢定，1996-2001 93
表4-18 下背痛單次就醫人次病人特質與住院總費用（不含病房費）之檢定，1996-2001（續） 94
表4-19 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001 95
表4-19 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院診療及特殊材料費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 96
表4-20 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院藥費之檢定，1996-2001 97
表4-20 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院藥費之檢定，1996-2001（續） 98
表4-21 急性下背痛療程病人特質與就醫總次數之檢定 99
表4-21 急性下背痛療程病人特質與就醫總次數之檢定（續） 100
表4-22 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總費用之檢定 101
表4-22 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總費用之檢定（續） 102
表4-23 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總費用（不含病房費）之檢定 103
表4-23 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總費用（不含病房費）之檢定（續） 104
表4-24 急性下背痛療程病人特質與是否使用總診療及特殊材料費之檢定 105
表4-24 急性下背痛療程病人特質與是否使用總診療及特殊材料費之檢定（續） 106
表4-25 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總診療及特殊材料費之檢定 107
表4-25 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總診療及特殊材料費之檢定（續） 108
表4-26 急性下背痛療程病人特質與是否使用總藥費之檢定 109
表4-26 急性下背痛療程病人特質與是否使用總藥費之檢定（續） 110
表4-27 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總藥費之檢定 111
表4-27 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總藥費之檢定 112
表4-28 急性下背痛療程病人特質與是否使用總給藥日數之檢定 113
表4-28 急性下背痛療程病人特質與是否使用總給藥日數之檢定（續） 114
表4-29 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總給藥日數之檢定 115
表4-29 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總給藥日數之檢定（續） 116
表4-30 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總住院天數之檢定 117
表4-30 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總住院天數之檢定（續） 118
表4-31 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診總費用對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 119
表4-32 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診是否使用診療及特殊材料費之羅吉斯複迴歸分析，1996-2001 120
表4-33 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診診療及特殊材料費對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 121
表4-34 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診是否使用藥費之羅吉斯複迴歸分析，1996-2001 122
表4-34 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診是否使用藥費之羅吉斯複迴歸分析，1996-2001（續） 123
表4-35 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與西醫門急診藥費對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 124
表4-36 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診總費用對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 125
表4-37 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診是否使用診療及特殊材料費之羅吉斯複迴歸分析，1996-2001 126
表4-38 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診診療及特殊材料費對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 127
表4-39 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診是否使用藥費之羅吉斯複迴歸分析，1996-2001 128
表4-40 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與中醫門診藥費對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 129
表4-41 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院總費用對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 130
表4-42 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院總費用（不含病房費）對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 131
表4-43 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院診療及特殊材料費對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 132
表4-44 下背痛單次就醫病人特質與住院藥費對數值之複迴歸分析，1996-2001 133
表4-45 急性下背痛療程病人特質與就醫總次數高低之羅吉斯複迴歸分析 134
表4-46 急性下背痛療程病人特質與總費用（不含病房費）高低之羅吉斯複迴歸分析 135
表4-47 複迴歸分析結果摘要表 136
表4-47 複迴歸分析結果摘要表（續） 137
表4-48 羅吉斯複迴歸分析結果摘要表 138
表4-48 羅吉斯複迴歸分析結果摘要表（續） 139
表4-48 羅吉斯複迴歸分析結果摘要表（續） 140
圖2-1 不同年齡、性別、區域之下背痛盛行率 7
圖2-2 醫療服務利用行為模式（1960s） 11
圖3-1 研究架構一：下背痛單次就醫，1996-2001 21
圖3-2 研究架構二：急性下背痛療程 21
圖3-3 急性下背痛療程定義示意圖 2
- …
