1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Essays on Managing the Consumption and Creation of Digital Media
Get PDFOnline platforms of digitized media content face different challenges on managing the consumer demand and creator production compared to the traditional media industry. This work utilizes data from a major online book platform in China to investigate these issues and provides insights on platform management regarding content releases and creator incentives. The first essay studies the impact of the digital platform’s product release strategy of serialized media content on its consumption and the ensuing profits made by the platform. Specifically, should a platform release all chapters of a book simultaneously, sequentially over time, or with a hybrid strategy where it releases a fraction simultaneously and the rest sequentially? I show that the release speed of chapters impacts consumption through two opposite forces: binge consumption and product exploration. A slower release, while limiting binge consumption, leads to an increased exploration of other books through two mechanisms - consumers visit the platform more often and explore other books due to the constrained availability. The counterfactuals show that the platform will be worse-off under a simultaneous release strategy but better-off under an optimized hybrid release strategy.
The second essay focuses on how the platform should design a monetary contract to incentivize content creators to produce higher quantity and higher quality works. The platform switched from a uniform commission rate to a quantity-based plan offering higher commission rates if a writer's production meets higher quantity brackets. Theoretical analysis indicates that a quantity-based commission plan can enhance the quantity-quality complementarity: the creators who reach a higher bracket of quantity should also produce a higher quality. This theoretical result is confirmed in multiple empirical tests. First, for a given book, the chapters published in the months when writers reached higher brackets of quantity had higher quality measured by chapter-to-chapter customer retention rates. Such a positive correlation is not significant in books published when the platform offered a uniform commission plan. Second, when writers produced higher quantity early on in a month but failed later, there was a greater quality drop under the quantity-based commission plan than under the uniform commission plan.Ph.D
The Unintended Consequences of Policy Changes in Large-Scale Natural Experiments
Get PDFIn the current era of globally dominant technology companies (known colloquially as “big tech”) and expansionist government policies, large scale actions are frequently implemented to solve a wide variety of problems. This thesis examines the unintended consequences of large-scale policy experiments in two distinct domains: public health and media content production. The first chapter focuses on the impact of a $100 incentive policy announced by the Governor of West Virginia to promote COVID-19 vaccination. Using granular data at the county level, a synthetic control approach is employed to evaluate the effects of the policy. The findings indicate a positive effect on partially vaccinated individuals but a negative effect on the unvaccinated population, leading to a decrease in vaccine uptake for the latter group. Moreover, the ideological slant of the county influences the extent of the negative effect, with more Republican-leaning counties exhibiting a stronger decline in vaccination rates. The analysis is reinforced using data from the Household Pulse Survey, which confirms a shift in vaccine hesitancy among unvaccinated individuals in West Virginia after the policy implementation. These results highlight the need for cautious implementation of large-scale monetary incentives, especially in polarized societies like the United States. The second chapter investigates the impact of social media's links to downstream media content on production decisions. Specifically, the effect of an algorithm change by Facebook on the demand for a mainstream media site in Austria is analyzed. The study utilizes internal data from the media firm, which heavily relies on advertising revenue. The algorithm change resulted in a decline of soft content consumption relative to the main website. Specifically, the Leisure category experienced the most substantial negative impact. In response, the media firm adjusted its production by producing 10% less soft content compared to hard content, and it also decreased the total number of articles. These findings indicate that a decrease in advertising revenues led to an increase in content quality, as measured by the ratio of hard to soft content. This contradicts previous research and highlights the potential far-reaching public impact of policy changes by powerful technology companies. The findings presented emphasize the importance of considering contextual factors, such as political ideology and societal polarization, when implementing policies aimed at influencing individual behaviors. Additionally, it sheds light on the complex dynamics between social media and mainstream media, showcasing the influence of algorithm changes on content production decisions. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, media firms, and scholars studying the intersection of policy, behaviour, algorithms, and media.Ph.D
The Challenges of Deploying an Algorithmic Pricing Tool: Evidence from Airbnb
Get PDFThis thesis studies the deployment of an algorithmic pricing tool, Smart Pricing (SP), on Airbnb's platform. SP is a machine learning algorithm that uses past data to predict demand and employs proxies that are correlated with the hosts' marginal costs to set prices for listings.
Chapter 3 discusses why SP can provide benefits to hosts in the context of Airbnb, and how Airbnb hosts use SP on the platform. The reduced-form analyses of this chapter suggest that a lot of Airbnb hosts do not vary their prices with changes in the demand for short-term rentals, and adopting SP is associated with higher benefits for hosts who rarely change their prices compared to those who flexibly adjust their prices before adoption. However, hosts who rarely change their prices are surprisingly less likely to adopt SP.
Chapter 4 builds upon the results of chapter 3 and develops a dynamic structural model to estimate the primitives of the host's pricing and adoption decisions. The ultimate goal is to run counterfactual analyses and quantify the impacts of SP on hosts and the platform, and to understand how the platform can improve the outcomes of the SP deployment. The estimation results identify a gap between the actual performance of the SP algorithm and the host's prior belief about it. Specifically, hosts with a pessimistic prior belief about SP think they will need to manually correct algorithmic prices if they adopt SP, and this belief is disproportionately stronger for hosts with higher adjustment costs, making SP adoption less attractive to them. The counterfactual simulations indicate that the introduction of SP has had a small positive impact on the average host profit and the total platform revenue. But this boost can be significantly raised if Airbnb educates hosts to correct their beliefs about the SP algorithm. The counterfactual analyses also demonstrate that, since the platform does not fully capture the host's private marginal cost in training the algorithm, using the estimated marginal costs from the structural estimation to re-train the algorithm can significantly increase the profitability of SP for both the average host and the platform.Ph.D
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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