1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Setup of a medical Virtual Reality laboratory and development of a VR-supported neuropsychological test system with a preclinical and clinical evaluation study
No full textHintergrund: Virtuelle Realität (VR) bietet in Medizin und Neurowissenschaften vielversprechende Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, so könnten z.B. zukünftig in der neuropsychologischen Testung Paper- und Pencil-Tests durch validere VR-Verfahren abgelöst werden. Hindernisse für eine Verbreitung in der klinischen Anwendung sind u.a. der Investitionsaufwand und unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen bei der Anwendung ( simulator sickness ). Bei der Nutzung von VR durch Patienten sind bisher Fragen zu Nebenwirkungen, Eignung und Notwendigkeit von VR-Komponenten weitgehend offen geblieben.Ziel: Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Aufbau eines interdisziplinär nutzbaren VR-Labors am Universitätsklinikum Göttingen verfolgt. Pilotprojekt sollte die Entwicklung und Evaluation eines neuropsychologischen Testsystems zum räumlichen und topographischen Lernen sein. Fragestellungen zur Praktikabilität, Wirkungen u. Nebenwirkungen sollten hierbei bearbeitet werden.Methode: Zu Beginn der Konzeptionsphase (1997/98) wurde eine Marktübersicht und Analyse bestehender medizinischer VR-Anwendungen durchgeführt. Anhand eines strukturierten Systemdesigns wurde ein neuropsychologisches Testsystem entwickelt. Zur Evaluation wurde eine präklinische Pilotstudie mit 22 Gesunden (PILOT-Studie) sowie eine klinische Studie (KLIN-Studie) mit 215 Teilnehmern durchgeführt (75 Gesunde, 40 Pat. vor / 25 nach epilepsiechirurgischem Eingriff, 27 Schlaganfallpat., 48 Pat. mit V.a. Alzheimer-Demenz). Nebenwirkungen wurden mit dem Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) systematisch dokumentiert, es erfolgte eine Nachbefragung bzgl. Praktikabilität, Immersion und empfundenem Realismus. Mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf Wirkungen/Nebenwirkungen wurden statistisch untersucht.Ergebnisse: Ein PC-basiertes Labor mit der Möglichkeit von Desktop-basierter (Bildschirm) bis zum immersiven (Head Mounted Display, HMD) VR wurde eingerichtet. Das neuropsychologische Testsystem beinhaltete Aufgabenstellungen zur topographischen Orientierung, zu visuell-räumlichem Lernen und exekutiven Funktionen. Hinsichtlich der Praktikabilität und Benutzerbewertung zeigte sich für die Anzeigemodalität (Projektionssystem vs. HMD) in der PILOT-Studie keine Benutzerpräferenz. Das HMD der PILOT-Studie (VirtualResearch V8) erwies sich nur als bedingt alltagstauglich und wurde in der KLIN-Studie durch ein geeigneteres Modell ersetzt (Sony Glasstron). Insgesamt wurden wenig Bedienungsprobleme beobachtet. Die Bewertungen von Immersion/Realismus zeigte keine Vorteile einer Anzeigemodalität. Bedingt durch Nebenwirkungen wurden Testabbruchquoten zwischen 1.4% (KLIN-Studie) und 4.8% (PILOT-Studie) verzeichnet. Im Testverlauf ließen sich für das Gesamtkollektiv lediglich in der KLIN-Studie im SSQ-Subscore Disorientation ein signifikanter Symptomanstieg beobachten. Die weiterführende Analyse identifizierte als wesentlichen Risikofaktor für das Auftreten von Simulator Sickness das HMD. Für den Projektions- und Monitormodus konnte kein verstärktes Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen beobachtet werden. Keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Entstehen unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen im Testverlauf zeigten Geschlecht, Alter oder Zugehörigkeit zu einer Teilnehmergruppe (Kontrollgruppe, Patienten). Bei weiblichen Testteilnehmern wurden unabhängig vom Testverlauf höhere SSQ-Scores beobachtet.Fazit: Technisch wie organisatorisch zeigte sich das PC-basierte VR-Labor als leistungsfähiges und wirtschaftliches Konzept zur klinischen VR-Entwicklung und Anwendung. Erstmalig wurde für eine klinisch-neurowissenschaftliche VR-Anwendung das Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen systematisch untersucht. Die Sicherheit des vorliegenden Testsystems für Patienten wurde bei nicht-immersiven Anzeigeverfahren demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie sind aufgrund der Vielfalt technischer VR-Komponenten und Anwendungen nicht generalisierbar. Ob immersive Anzeigeverfahren (z.B. HMD) für neuropsychologische Anwendungen notwendig oder gar überlegen sind, kann nicht abschließend beurteilt werden. Wesentliche Vorteile hinsichtlich Realismus/Immersion lassen sich nicht herausarbeiten, demgegenüber stehen ein schlechteres Handling, eine Zurückhaltung älterer Testteilnehmer gegenüber der Technik und eine stärkere Nauseogenität. Aus ethischen, rechtlichen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen sollte auch zukünftig vor der breiten Anwendung vor allem immersiver VR-Technologien mit Patienten eine Risikobewertung von Technik und konkreter Anwendung in kontrollierten Untersuchungen erfolgen.Background: Virtual Reality (VR) is a promising technology in the field of medicine and neuroscience. E.g. in neuropsychological testing, paper & pencil tests may be replaced in future by VR tests which provide a better validity. In clinical use, diffusion of VR technology is still limited because of high costs for equipment and serious concerns about side effects during VR use with patients.Objectives: Development of an interdisciplinary medical VR laboratory at the University of Goettingen. As pilot project, the development and evaluation of a neuropsychological test system for visuospatial learning and topographical orientation was planned. In this context, usability, effects and side effects of VR had to be analysed.Methods: A technical analysis of existing VR equipment and medical VR applications was the first step for choosing the adequate techniques for the VR lab. Based on a structured system design, a VR supported neuropsychological test system was designed. For evaluation of the test system, a pre-clinical (PILOT; 22 healthy subjects) and clinical study (CLINIC; 75 healthy subjects, 40 before / 25 after surgery for intractable epilepsy, 27 patients w. stroke, 48 patients with suspected Alzheimer s disease) was performed. Side effects were documented with the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). A post-test questionnaire was administered regarding usability, immersion and realism. The results were examined statistically to identify possible factors regarding the occurrence of side effects.Results: A PC-based virtual reality laboratory was established with the possibility of desktop (monitor) or immersive (head mounted display, HMD) VR. The neuropsychological test system was realized including tests for visual-spatial and topographical learning and executive memory. In the PILOT study, no user preference for any display type was observed. The initial HMD (VirtualResearch V8) was not suitable for use on a daily base with patients and was replaced in the CLINIC study by a light-weighted commercial HMD (Sony Glasstron). In total, few user problems were observed. No display type offered a significant advantage in terms of immersion and realism. 1.4% (CLINIC) to 4.8% (PILOT) of the participants cancelled the VR test because of side effects. Regarding the SSQ scores, only the disorientation-subscore showed a significant increase during testing (CLINIC). Further analyses revealed the HMD not the projection or desktop display mode as a significant facto! r for an increase of SSQ Scores during testing. No influence of gender, age, group (healthy subjects, patients) on the SSQ scores during the test course could be observed. In general, females showed significantly higher SSQ scores unrelated to the test course.Conclusion: Technically and from a organisational point of view the PC based VR lab proofed to be an economical and efficient concept. For a first time, side effects were analysed for a clinical project in the field of neuroscience. Safety of the test system for patients in non-immersive condition could be demonstrated, but the results of this study cannot be generalized for other applications. A substantial advantage of an immersive display interfaces (HMD) in comparison to less-immersive standard displays could not be demonstrated, on the contrary the incidence of side effects seemed to be higher. Due to ethical, legal and economical reasons the use of VR technology in clinical settings should be carefully evaluated for each application
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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