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Control and Accountability: Administrative Courts and Courts of Audit
Get PDFThe control of the administration by administrative courts follows very particular rules. Two elements of the German system stand out: first, the intensive type of control which makes the scope for independent administrative decision-making an exception. Second, the quite strict restrictions on locus standi. The development of administrative law by the courts and its application by the administration are an elementary part of the German legalistic tradition. The courts of audit at all levels of government also play an independent role. They can control the proper as well as the efficient use of funds from the respective budgets. While there is no enforcement mechanism, the publication of the findings certainly leads to pressure to comply
Föderalismusbilder im Wandel - Rechtliche Perspektiven zwischen Empirie und Ideologie
Get PDFDer deutsche Föderalismus ist seit den 1960er Jahren mit höchst unterschiedlichen Bildern charakterisiert worden: vom unitarischen Bundesstaat über den kooperativen Föderalismus zum Wettbewerbsföderalismus und bis hin zu den stark durch die Forderung nach Entflechtung beeinflussten Föderalismusreformen der Jahre 2006 und 2009. Der Beitrag untersucht die Abfolge aus juristischer Sicht. Die verschiedenen, die Föderalismusdiskussion prägenden Bilder werden im Lichte der Entwicklung des Grundgesetzes und der verfassungsgerichtlichen Rechtsprechung beschrieben.Since the 1960ies, the German federalism has been characterized by various images: from unitary and co-operative federalism to competitive federalism and further to the 2006 and 2009 reforms of federalism strongly influenced by demands for disentanglement. The article examines these developments from a legal perspective. The various metaphors dominating the discourse on federalism are described in the light of the constitutional development and of judgements by the constitutional court
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Herausforderungen für das Verwaltungsrecht /
No full textFrom publisher's website: "Challenges for the Administrative Law": While specific areas of administrative law have emerged or at least have seen changes numerous times over the decades, the general administrative law has proved to be remarkably stable. In a time of many, partly unprecedented challenges, the question must be asked if the general administrative law will also have to change, namely to mirror the developments in specific areas of the law. The book contains texts that give answers with a view to actual challenges the legal order is faced with
Die Neuregelung zur Verwalterabberufung im Lichte des Verfassungsrechts
No full textJacoby F, Mehde V. Die Neuregelung zur Verwalterabberufung im Lichte des Verfassungsrechts. ZMR - Zeitschrift für Miet- und Raumrecht. 2021;74(8):625-636
Verwaltungskontrolle als Daueraufgabe der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit
No full textFrom a social science perspective, there is hardly any doubt that administrative courts exercise a controlling function over the decision-making of public administrations. In German public administration, a number of legal as well as factual mechanisms expand the influence of judicial scrutiny. The legalistic tradition brings about a recruiting system that generally favours applicants with a background in legal studies. These officials tend to apply the legal reasoning of the courts irrespective of any formally binding character. In contrast, according to the German constitution and to the relevant rules of procedure the task of the administrative courts is not general control, but the protection of individuals whose rights have been infringed by the administration. There is no basis for a concept of judicial control that focuses on a functional, rather than an individual perspective. Consequently, it is hardly possible to conceptualise control as a permanent judicial task. Nevertheless, most of the rules that restrict the role of the courts are subject to exceptions (that were, incidentally, developed by the same courts). Moreover, a number of modern developments tend to demand, or enable, the judicial control of executive action. So while each individual mechanism that expands the role of the courts towards a concept of general control does not seem significant in itself, taken together those mechanisms paint a telling picture: situations in which the administration knows that its actions will not be subject to judicial control are extremely rare
Die Evaluation von Verwaltungsleistungen
No full textThe evaluation of administrative services has become an increasingly relevant element of decision making in the public sector. This is mainly a result of the implementation of NPM ideas. In this article, five areas of reference are analysed that show the legal problems such evaluations bring about: Civil Service law is the area with the longest tradition of performance evaluation. A more recent development is the systematic use of performance indicators in relation to the steering of universities. In the context of the second round of the German reform of federalism, Art. 91d was included in the constitution, thereby demonstrating the political will to use benchmarking systems as an instrument to improve administration on all levels. For many decades, the civil courts have dealt with reviews of goods and services by an organisation founded and financed by the state, but new challenges are online reviews on web 2.0 based platforms. Finally, local government reforms in England give an impression of how elaborate systems of performance review might be designed and of the problems attached to them.
Viewed together, these areas of reference show how the courts can review systems of evaluation and their implementation in practice. In this context, the starting point for judicial review is individual liberties. They might be infringed by the evaluations – if not directly then on the basis of their results. Also, the right to equality gives the opportunity to scrutinize the systemic coherence of the review mechanisms. At the same time, it will be difficult for parliaments to decide on all performance indicators themselves. In contrast to the argument used by many administrations, data protection laws do not prevent administrations from giving necessary information to the evaluators. With respect to competences, apart from the responsible minister, both the chancellor and the government as a collective body generally have powers to order the various administrations to take part in evaluations
Zum Zustand der repräsentativen Demokratie
No full textHat die repräsentative Demokratie überhaupt noch eine Zukunft? Und wie ist ihr Zustand? Diese Fragen sind Gegenstand des vorliegenden Bandes, der sich mit dem Verhältnis von repräsentativer und direkter Demokratie befasst. Oftmals wird der repräsentativen Demokratie bescheinigt, sie sei nicht mehr zeitgemäß. Aber handelt es sich bei direkter Demokratie wirklich um eine Form 'demokratischerer' Demokratie? Diese Annahme lässt sich aus guten Gründen bezweifeln, wie die versammelten Beiträge mithilfe juristischer und sozialempirischer Erkenntnisse zeigen. In jedem Fall lassen sich beide Demokratieformen nicht gegeneinander ausspielen. Wie man sie möglicherweise kombinieren kann, zeigen einige Beispiele aus Hamburg.Der vorliegende Band versammelt die Grußworte und Vorträge des Festkolloquiums, das von den Herausgebern zu Ehren von Hans Peter Bull am 28. Oktober 2016 in Hamburg veranstaltet wurde
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