1,720,962 research outputs found
Population Status, Demography and Time Budget of the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779) and Anthropogenic Impacts in Chebera Churchura National Park, Ethiopia
No full textAn investigation on the population status, structure and habitat association of the
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779) and anthropogenic threats in Chebera
Churchura National Park (CCNP), Ethiopia was carried out during 2012–2015. The study area
was stratified into four habitat types, viz., grasslands, woodlands, montane forests and riverine
habitat. Sample counts were carried out in an area of 1,215 km2. The estimated buffalo
population was 5,193 individuals, with the population density of 4.27/ km2. The population
estimates for wet and dry seasons were 5,788 and 4,599 heads, respectively. Males comprised
42.56%, while females 46.68% of the population (M: F=1.00: 1.10). Age structure was
dominated by adults, which constituted 52.49% of the total population. Subadults comprised
24.30%, young 12.44% and unidentified sex of the population was 10.75%, with a significant
difference between young and adults. Larger herds of up to 30 individuals were observed during
the wet season and smaller herds of a minimum of four individuals were seen during the dry
season. The mean herd size during the wet and dry seasons was 29.59 and 16.95, respectively.
Buffaloes were observed more in the riverine vegetation types during the dry season. Relative
abundance of food sources, green vegetation cover and availability of water were the major
factors governing their distribution in the present study area. Buffalo spent a greater proportion
of the time in feeding and resting activities. Feeding and resting were the predominant activities
(87.14% of the diurnal active period), with 48.95% time spent feeding during the dry season, and
44.91% during the wet season. Daytime grazing and resting periods during the wet season were
estimated to be 5.39 h and 4.98 h, respectively. Morning and the late afternoon activity peaks
were more pronounced during the dry season than the wet season. The main threat of the African
buffalo in the study area was poaching, wildfire, livestock grazing, illegal farming and expanding
human settlements. Questionnaires survey, group discussions and direct field observations
indicated that, firewood collection, setting fire, hunting, livestock grazing and farming were
having great impacts on biodiversity conservation in CCNP. Crop damage, livestock loss, human
injures and illegal resource access were the major problems encountered in CCNP resulting in
conflicts between local people and Park officials, and also human and wildlife. To mitigate these
problems, the local people have adopted intensified vigilance, use of guard animals, fencing, use
of repellents and killing problematic wild animals. Even though most of the respondents of the
questionnaire survey had positive attitude towards conservation areas and wildlife, they were not
satisfied by the benefit from the Park. Proper conservation measures incorporating all
stakeholders have to be implemented to solve the problems and safeguard the wildlife in the
Park
Diet Preference and Activity Patterns of Great White Pelicans (Pelecanus Onocrotalus, Linnaeus, 1758) At Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia
No full textA study on the diet preference and activities of Great WhitePelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus, Linnaeus, 1758) was carried out along theshore of Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia, during the wet and dry seasons in2011/2012. Repeated observations and focal animal sampling methods wereused to study the diet and activity patterns. Activity patterns includingfeeding, resting, preening, flying and alert behaviour were analyzed. GreatWhite Pelicans feed primarily on fish (81.9%), they also feed on worms(13.1%), amphibians (0.94%) and some other invertebrates (4.05%). Thepercentage frequency of fish in the diet of P. onocrotalus was 79.2% and84.5% during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Major activities of thespecies during the day time were feeding (45.69%), resting (23.39%),preening (13.95%), flying (14.7%) and alert (1.95%). Feeding activity wasintensive and reached its peak in the morning (09:00-12:00 h) and lateafternoon hours (15:00-18:00 h). Resting was more during the midday.Further ecological studies on Great White Pelicans should be conducted toget more information about the bird and facilitate conservation measures inthe study area
The attitudes and practices of local people towards wildlife in Chebera Churchura national park, Ethiopia
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
