1,720,974 research outputs found
Neurophysiology for Allied Health Students, Book 1: The Basics
Get PDF[Extract] Neurophysiology is all about how the nervous system communicates information. The nervous system is the master controller of bodily functions. The basic functional unit is the neuron and the neurons communicate within themselves and from one neuron to another to allow us to move, to think, to breathe, to read, to remember and to learn. So how do neurons and the nervous system do all of this? This book is intended to help you understand the broad overview of how the nervous system works
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Symposium 10: signalling cascades in Myopia development: where does it start and where does it end?
No full textThis symposium gave an overview on the current status of the research
on the signalling cascades which link retinal image processing to scleral
growth. Messengers are released from the retina, reach the retinal pigment
epithelium, RPE (most likely by diffusion), stimulate its receptors to release
secondary messengers from the RPE that are finally transmitted
through the choroid. Regan Ashby, Postdoctoral fellow in the RTN
“MyEuropia” (Tuebingen, Germany) reported on the modulation of
the immediate early gene Egr1 by imposed defocus, and on work
underway to identify its potential target genes. Marita Feldkaemper,
same place, described the roles of the glucagon/insuline system, with
the striking finding that insulin is a most potent stimulator of myopia
in the chicken model. Katrina Schmidt (Brisbane) reported on the
roles of dopaminergic and cholinergic transmission, as well as GABA,
and how these two transmitter systems interact. Deborah Nickla (NewEnco,
Boston) focused on the interaction of nitric oxide signalling
with muscarinic and dopaminergic transmission, and how they affect
choroidal thickening - an effect that is tightly related to eye growth
inhibition. Finally, Andrew Jobling (University of Melbourne) described the
end of the signalling cascade in the sclera, involving TGF-beta, matrix metalloproteinases
and cell-specific matrix cell receptors, the integrins, to remodel
its structure and growth
Using natural STOP growth signals to prevent excessive axial elongation and the development of myopia
No full textMyopia is emerging as a major public health issue due to its increasing prevalence and long-term pathological outcomes. Prevention must focus on limiting excessive axial elongation which is the cause of both myopic refractive error and its pathological outcomes. The increasing prevalence appears to be due to environmental changes involving near work, rather than to a genetic failure of emmetropisation. Attempts to control the progression of myopia optically have been unsuccessful; the only available preventive regime involves the use of atropine eye drops. This regime has short-term side effects, and since the site and mechanism of action of muscarinic antagonists are unclear, there are concerns about its long-term safety. Recent studies on natural STOP growth signals suggest that they are evoked by relatively brief periods of imposed myopic defocus, and can overcome strong pressures towards increased axial elongation. While STOP signals have only been successfully used in chickens to prevent excessive axial elongation, similar signals are generated in mammals and non-human primates. Further studies may define the conditions under which this approach could be used to prevent the development of myopia in humans
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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